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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stratum basale
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Cell division occurs here
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Diaphysis
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Shaft of long bone.
Contains compact bone |
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Epiphyses
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Ends of the long bone.
Contains spongy Bone |
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Short bones
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Shell of compact bone with spongy bone and marrow in the center
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Flat Bones
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Two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between
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Periosteum
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Dense fibrous connective tissue that covers bones
Collagen fibers arranged parallel to the surface of the bone |
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Endosteum
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Tissue lining the compact and spongy bone inside the marrow cavity
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Sharpey's Fibers
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Where ligaments and fibers attach to the bone , the collagen fibers of the periosteum extend into the circumferential lamellae
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Bone Matrix - Inorganic
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Calcium (the part we think of)
with some phosphate |
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Bone Matrix - Organic
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Type 1 collagen
Matrix is highly mineralized |
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Bone tissue
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Bone is a connective tissue characterized by a
highly mineralized matrix Bone contains mainly type I collagen Bone matrix contains lacunae connected by canaliculi |
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Bone Cells
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Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Bone lining cells |
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Osteoprogenitor cells
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Derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the marrow
Activated to become osteoblasts by CBFA1 transcription factor Found in the innermost layer of the periosteum and the endosteum |
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Osteoblasts
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Cell formed from an osteogenic cell that participates in bone formation by secreting some organic components and inorganic salts.
Capable of dividing Secretory cells that produce type I collagen + bone matrix proteins Respond to mechanical stimuli to mediate bone growth & (re)development |
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Osteoclasts
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Large, multinuclear cell the destroys the bone matrix
Rest directly on the bone tissue that is being removed |
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Osteocytes
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Mature bone cells that maintain the daily activities of bone tissue (Spidery)
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Parathyroid Hormone
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(PTH)
Regulates blood calcium levels by increasing calcium and decreasing blood phosphate level |
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Calcitonin
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Tones down the calcium in blood. Stores it in the bone by activating osteoclasts.
It inhibits the bone resorption (breakdown)by accelerating the uptake of calcium and phosphates into the bone matrix |
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Osteon/Haversian Systems
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Consists of Central Canal, lamellae, launae, osteocytes, canaliculi
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Central Canal
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Circular channel running in the center of the osteon of mature compact bone. Contains BV
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Volkman's Canal
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Means by which blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrate into compact bone
- Contains BV that travel from one central canal to the other. |
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Canaliculli
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small channels within bones that connect lacunae
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lacunae
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small hollow space in bones in which the osteocytes lay
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Nail Cuticle
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eponychium
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Half Moon on nail
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Lunula
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clubbing of fingers
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associated with heart and liver disease. nails get huge
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Cyanosis
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Nail beds and fingers appear blue due to lack of oxygen in the tissues
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