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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Corticosteroids |
Anti-inflammatory properties that suppress cell division. Applied to lesions. Typically not applied to the face (can cause glaucoma and cataracts) or intertriginous areas (skin is too sensitive) and high-potency forms are typically limited to less than 4 weeks. Occlusive dressings can be applied for up to 8 hours in order to enhance the effect of the treatment. Teach patients to only apply steroids to the affected area and to not abruptly discontinue the medication because it can cause a flare-up |
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Tar Preparations |
Topical treatment that is applied to the skin to suppress cell division and reduce inflammation. Usually used in inpatient settings or specialty outpatient centers due the messiness, staining and odor of the treatment. They are available as solutions, ointments, lotions, gels or shampoos. |
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Anthralin |
Used to treat chronic psoriasis. A hydrocarbon used to suppress cell division. In a paste form. Can stain clothes, skin, the bathtub with a brownish, purple color. Can be used alone or in combination with ultraviolet light. It is a strong irritant and can cause a chemical burn if left on for more than 2 hours. Teach patient to monitor for localized skin irritation and to make sure that the medication does not come in contact with unaffected skin. |
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Calcipotriene (Dovonex) |
a vitamin D derivative that suppresses the development of new epidermal cells or epidermopoiesis. Can cause local irritation and hypercalcemia. Avoid use in the elderly because of their fragile and dry skin. |
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Tazarotene (Tazorac) |
a vitamin A derivative that causes sloughing of the scales covering the psoriatic plaques. It does cause increased sensitivity to sunlight so patients must be educated to protect the skin from sun by wearing sunscreen and protective clothing.. It is a category X pregnancy medication. A negative pregnancy test should be used before prescribing for women of childbearing age and effective contraceptive should be used during treatment. Typically, 2 forms of contraceptive are used. Can cause burning and erythema at the site of application. |
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Antimetabolite Agents |
suppress cell division. Must have their serum liver levels assessed on a regular basis. |
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Anti-malarial |
suppress cell division |
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Vitamin A |
promotes good skin growth |
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Sunlight |
typically helps to alleviate the symptoms of psoriasis in patients. Artificial sources are used, however because of better availability and intensity control |
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Ultraviolet B Light |
is limited by the potency and distance of the source from the skin, as well as the exposure time. For treatment regimens, the potency and distance from the source remain constant while the exposure time is gradually increased. Mild suntan effect is common. Monitor patients for any burning or tenderness. This treatment can be used alone or in combination with a topical treatment. Side effects include: premature aging of the skin, actinic keratosis and skin cancer. |
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PUVA – psoralen and UVA treatment. |
PUVA – psoralen and UVA treatment. Involves the ingestion of photosensitizing agent (psoralen) 2 hours before exposure to UVA light. Treatment is limited to 2-3 times per week on nonconsecutive days. Exposure to UVA light is gradually increased until tanning occurs. Patients must wear dark glasses during the treatment and for the remainder of the day following the treatment. Treatment is done until psoriasis clears up and then a less potent therapy is begun. Side effects include: cataracts, premature aging of the skin, actinic keratosis and skin cancer. |
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Systemic biological treatments |
alter the acquired immune response, thus preventing overstimulation of keratinocytes. These medications cause immunosuprresion. |
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Soriatane (Acitretin) |
retinoid that inhibits keratin formation and skin inflammation. It is a pregnancy category X medication. A negative pregnancy test is needed before treatment, 2 forms of contraception should be used and pregnancy should be delayed for up to 3 years following its use. Alcohol should be avoided since it can convert the medication to a toxic metabolite. It should be taken with food. |
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Methotrexate (Folex, Mexate) |
inhibits rapid cell proliferation. It blocks folic acid metabolism which interferes with DNA synthesis and replication. This medication can be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic so, regular evaluation of liver enzymes and kidney function is required. This medication causes immunosuppression and can increase a patient’s chance of developing lymphoma so regular evaluation of WBC is necessary. |
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Cyclosporin (Neoral) |
suppresses the immune response. Used when other there are poor outcomes from other treatments. Causes general immunosupprsesion. Can be prescribed as a tablet or liquid. The liquid form must be diluted. Do not take with grapefruit juice. Side effects: hypertension and nephrotoxicity. |
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Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) |
has an off-label use to treat psoriasis. It is an antineoplastic agent that causes myleosuppression especially neutropenia. It causes N/V/D and stomatitis |
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Etanercrept (Enbrel) |
reduces the levels of cytokines that causes joint destruction and inflammation. Used to treat psoratic arthritis. Administered as a SQ injection. Side Effects: injection site irritation, headaches and infections. |
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Penacillamine {Cupramine} Bone marrow suppression
Methotrexate {Folate or Folex}
Minocycline {Minocin} Esophagitis Hepatotoxicity
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This class of drugs works by weakening the body's immune system so it will not attack a transplanted organ or the body’s own tissue in the case of autoimmune diseases These are very strong drugs with severe side effects. High blood pressure, kidney and liver problems may result. Some immunosuppressants may contribute to the development of new cancers. The body may be less able to fight infections. |
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Pulmonary Hypertension |
Calcium Channel Blockers Vasodilators |
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Pulmonary Fibrosis |
Immunosuppressive Therapy |
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Acid Reflux |
H2 - Proton Pump Inhibitor |
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Metoclopramide (Reglan) |
Motility & Acid Reflux |
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Octreotide (Sandostatin) |
Malabsorption |
