Skin Lecture

Front 1

Macule

Back 1

flat, less than 1cm
ie. freckle

Front 2

Patch

Back 2

flat, greater than 1 cm; vitiligo, café au lait (can be nothing or indicate neurofibromatosis), cellulitis (inflammation of subcu tissue)

Front 3

Papule

Back 3

solid, raised less than 1 cm- ie. Acne, secondary syphilis

Front 4

Nodule

Back 4

solid, raised greater than 1 cm but less than 2 cm, junctional nevus (mole) is overgrowth of melanocytes, neurofibroma (prolif of schwann cells)

Front 5

Tumor

Back 5

solid, raised greater 2 cm; lipoma (benign neoplasm), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans)

Front 6

Plaque

Back 6

raised, surface area large in relation to height
greater than 1 cm; psoriasis (silvery scales), wheal (urticaria)

Front 7

Wheal

Back 7

raised, leakage fluid into dermis

Front 8

Vesicle

Back 8

luid filled, raised, less than 1 cm; reactivation of varicella Virus (shingles)

Front 9

Bulla

Back 9

fluid filled, raised, greater than 1 cm, burn, contact dermatitis

Front 10

Pustule

Back 10

raised, less 1 cm filled purulent fluid, acne

Front 11

Comedo

Back 11

a plug of sebum and keratin in the opening of a hair follicle, the opening can be dilated forming a blackhead, or closed forming a whitehead.

Front 12

Burrow

Back 12

a channel under the skin produced by a parasite, blackheads, scabies (mite)

Front 13

Cyst

Back 13

raised, encapsulated, in dermis or subcutaneous, filled liquid or semisolid

Front 14

Abcess

Back 14

accumulation of purulent material in the dermis or subcutaneous

Front 15

Furuncle

Back 15

A necrotizing form of inflammation of a hair follicle

Front 16

Carbuncle

Back 16

A coalescence of several furuncles (so several hairs)

Front 17

Milia

Back 17

keratin filled cysts in distal sweat gland, miliaria (infants in warm weather)

Front 18

Erythema

Back 18

Vascular lesion that is pink or red blanchable (press the skin it becomes white) discoloration due dilated blood vessels

Front 19

Petechiae

Back 19

vascular lesion that is non- blanching, less .5 cm intravascular defect

Front 20

Purpura

Back 20

non-blanching greater than .5 cm intravascular defect

Front 21

Ecchymosis

Back 21

vascular lesion that is non-blanching due to vascular destruction or vasculitis

Front 22

Spider angioma

Back 22

vascular lesion that is blanchable, red body with radiating legs (pregnancy)

Front 23

Venous star

Back 23

Vascular lesion that is non- blanchable, bluish spider (often in lips)

Front 24

Telangiectasia

Back 24

vascular lesion that is fine lines due to dilatation of capillaries

Front 25

Capillary hemangioma

Back 25

red irregular macular patch due to dilatation of capillary

Front 26

Erosion

Back 26

secondary change; loss of superficial epidermis

Front 27

Ulcer

Back 27

secondary change; loss of epidermis and at least part of dermis

Front 28

Fissure

Back 28

Secondary change; linear crack from epidermis to dermis. Like athlete's foot

Front 29

Excoriation

Back 29

secondary change; superficial linear trauma

Front 30

Scaling

Back 30

secondary change above skin plane; shedding stratum cornea

Front 31

Crusting

Back 31

Secondary change above skin plane, dried serum, pus or blood (ie. Scab)

Front 32

lichenification

Back 32

secondary change above skin plane, thickening and roughening (often seen on elbows)

Front 33

Scar

Back 33

secondary change above skin plane; - connective tissue replacement

Front 34

Keloid

Back 34

secondary change above skin plane; hypertrophied scar

Front 35

Sclerosis

Back 35

Secondary change; Diffuse or circumscribed hardening of the skin

Front 36

Atrophy

Back 36

secondary change; thinning of the epidermis

Front 37

Vernix caseosa

Back 37

Mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis covering the infant at birth

Front 38

Cutis marmorata

Back 38

mottled appearance to skin as result of changes in ambient temperature in an infant

Front 39

Milia

Back 39

small white papule that commonly occur on newborn face

Front 40

Clubbing

Back 40

Angle b/t nail plate and proximal nail fold approaches or exceeds 180 degrees

Front 41

Lindsay's nails

Back 41

Proximal half white, distal half pink. Associated with renal disease.

Front 42

Terry nails

Back 42

White except for narrow zone at distal tip. Associated with cirrhosis & hypoalbuminemia

Front 43

Mee's line

Back 43

Transverse white lines across the nail. Associated with acute illness or heavy metal poisoning

Front 44

Beau's line

Back 44

Transvers depression where stress or illness temporarily interrupts nail growth

Front 45

Nail pitting

Back 45

Associated with psoriasis

Front 46

Tic habit

Back 46

Central band of sharp horizontal grooving extenidng to the tip of the nail. Associated with nail biting or picking.

Front 47

Spoon nail (koilonychia)

Back 47

Centrall depression of nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate produces a spoon-like appearance. Associated with iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, hypothyroidism.

Front 48

Tinea Unguium

Back 48

fungal infection caused by dermatophytes. Yellow brittle nail with oncholysis. Nails often break or crumble.