Skin- Lec 1

Front 1

what are the layers of the skin and what is found in each layer

Back 1

outer to inner....

epidermis- ( CRAIG GREW SEVERAL BALLS!!)- cornificed, granular, spinous and basal.

dermis-cells fibres, matrix, vasculature and innervation

hypodermis- fat and fibrous tissue

Front 2

what are the skins functions

Back 2

Functions of the skin:
Protective barrier
Immunity [Skin Immune System]
Plus:
Thermoregulation
Blood Pressure regulation
Sensory perception
Secretion (Communication)
Storage
Vitamin D production (esp. herbivores)

Front 3

what is the function of the stratum corneum and what are its main components

Back 3

a barrier. like a brick wall.

The corneocytes (made of tough protein) form the bricks and between these a double layer of lipids (fatty materials) and water make up the mortar. Some lipids have a hard crystal-like structure and are impermeable to water. Others lipids do not have this structure and they allow water to percolate through. So, the barrier is semi-permeable.
The elasticity, firmness and correct functioning of the stratum corneum depends on its moisture content. Retention of water is aided by substances in the skin called natural moisturising factors (NMFs). If the moisture content is too high or too low, it can affect the skin’s barrier properties.

Hint 3

brick wall!! ( motar + bricks)

Front 4

define intertrigo

Back 4

skin fold dermatitis eg in bulldog

Front 5

when might you see alopecia which is symmetrical

Back 5

oestrogen production by sertoli cell tumor

Front 6

how is flea allergic dermatitis affected by climate

Back 6

more common in temperate climates and seasonal in cooler climates

Front 7

what type of Mange is this

Back 7

Sarcoptic mange

Front 8

what type of mange is this

Back 8

demodectic mange

Front 9

what is a primary and secondary skin legion

Back 9

primary- has developed spontaneously due to a disease. ( more useful to determine underlying cause ).

secondary- from primary legion or self trauma or external factors ( complicate the diagnosis ).

Front 10

define Macule and draw it

Back 10

A primary legion.
a circumscribed, non palpable spot, which is change in the colour of the skin. (< 1cm) if > than 1cm it is called a patch.

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/macules.htm

Hint 10

big mac burger bap!!

Front 11

define a papule and draw it

Back 11

A primary legion.
a small solid elivation of the skin < 1cm in diameter. usually a build up of inflammatory cells.

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/papules.htm

Hint 11

its palpable !!

Front 12

define plaque and draw it

Back 12

A primary legion.
a large > 1cm flat topped formed by extension of palpules

Front 13

define a nodule and draw it

Back 13

A primary legion.
a circumscribed, solid elevation that is > 1cm in diameter. usually due to massive cell infiltration that may be inflammatory or neoplastic and usually extends into the deeper layers

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/nodules1.htm

Front 14

define a tumor and draw it

Back 14

A primary legion.

a large mass > 2cm involving skin structures( neoplastic or non eg inflammation )

Front 15

define a pustule and draw it

Back 15

a small elevation. intra-epidermal, sub-epidermal or follicular. contains puss. (usuually neutrophis and bac. but may have eosinophils and be sterile) epi is thin so tend to burst.

usually caused by pyoderma in dogs but may be caused by immumn mediated disease and be sterile.

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/pustules.htm

Hint 15

p for pyoderma ( usually ) in dogs!!

Front 16

define an abcess and draw it

Back 16

a localised collection of puss surrounded by inflammation. ( usually deeper than a pustule )

Hint 16

think pus!

Front 17

define a visicle and bulla and draw them

Back 17

Vesicle-sharply circumscribed elivation filled with clear fluid ( rather than puss). (intra- epidermal / subepidermal) <1cm in diameter. also fragile. Bulla > 1cm in diameter.

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/vesicles1.htm

Hint 17

Vitalise WATER Bottle!!

Front 18

define a wheal and draw it

Back 18

aka a hive. ( the hive!). A circumscribed raised oedema. Often transient. eg nettle sting.

( angio-oedema is deeper)

Front 19

define a cyst and draw it

Back 19

a cavity with a epi lining. (fluid or solid contents , smooth and wells circumscribed. Usually moveable ( fluctuant)).

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/tumours.htm

Front 20

what are the 5 differentials of a mass

Back 20

abcess/cyst/granuloma/neoplasia/haematoma.

Front 21

which of the following are secondary skin legion descriptions and which are primary ....

Epidermal collarette
Excoriation
Tumour
Pustule
abcess
Wheal (or Angioedema)
Fissure
Bulla
Nodule
Erosion or Ulcer
Scar
Cyst
plaque
Callus
Macule
Papule
Lichenification
Vesicle

Back 21

primary-Macule or (>1cm) Patch
Papule or (>1cm) Plaque
Vesicle or (>1cm) Bulla
Pustule (or Abscess)
Wheal (or Angioedema)
Cyst
Nodule (1-2cm); Tumour (>2cm)


secondary-Epidermal collarette
Excoriation
Erosion or Ulcer
Fissure
Scar
Lichenification
Callus

Front 22

define collarette and draw it

Back 22

a secondary skin legion.
a circular rim of loose scale ( keratin ) that began life as a pustule/vesicle/bulla

Hint 22

like a collar!!

Front 23

define excoriation and draw it

Back 23

a secondary skin legion.
erosions or ulcers caused by self trauma. usually linear. ( by -scratch/rub/bite generally shows there is pruritis or pain )

Hint 23

I drew that x myself!

Front 24

define erosion and draw it

Back 24

a secondary skin legion.
shallow epi defect which does not go into the BM and so can heel by regeneration without scarring.

Front 25

define an ulcer and draw it

Back 25

a secondary skin legion.
epidermal damage which exposes the underlying dermis- so heel by scarring.

Front 26

define a fissure and draw it

Back 26

a secondary skin legion.
a linear cut which includes the epidermis +/- dermis. A sharply defined cleft or many small cracks. Seen especially in dry skin

http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/Dermatology/Lesions/excoriation.htm

Front 27

define a scar and draw it

Back 27

a area of fibrous tissue reparing a injury (ulcer!) which goes into the dermis

Hint 27

just what I already know

Front 28

define lichenification and draw it

Back 28

The skin becomes thicker and harder with exagerated skin markings, like elephant skin. Usually due to friction areas may be hyperpigmented.

Hint 28

think of tree bark!!

Front 29

define callus and draw it

Back 29

localised lichenification. it is caused by long term friction and is commonly seen on the elbows

Front 30

name 6 legions which may be primary or secondary

Back 30

Alopecia (hair loss)/Scale/Crust/Follicular Casts/Comedo/Pigment alteration

chesley football clyb alway score plenty!!

Hint 30

chesley football clyb alway score plenty!!

Front 31

define scale and draw it

Back 31

primary or secondary lesions
a visible build up of keratinised cells. ( normally loss of cornified cells is not visible to the naked eye). May be thin/thick/dry/oily.

Front 32

define crust and draw it

Back 32

primary or secondary lesions
crust is formed from dried exudate which sticks to the skins surface. ( serum/blood/cells/scale) eg from erosions /ulcers/pustules

Hint 32

think of how the crust on your pie forms!!

Front 33

define comedones ( sing. comedo) and draw`

Back 33

Blackheads!! primary or secondary lesions
a dialted hair folicicle which is filled with cornifided cells and sebatious material.

(It is not someone who makes other people laugh, as previously suggested by an intrepid undergraduate.!!)

Front 34

define a folicular cast and draw it

Back 34

a build up of keratinous debris that sticks to the hair shaft and sticks out from the follicle