Skin Histo Review

Front 1

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

Back 1

1. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 2

From what is the epidermis derived?

Back 2

1. Ectoderm

Front 3

What are the epidermal derivatives?

Back 3

1. Hair follicles/hair

2. Sebaceous glands

3. Eccrine/apocrine glands

4. Mammary glands

Front 4

From what is the dermis derived?

Back 4

1. Mesoderm

Front 5

What are the principal cells of the epidermis?

Back 5

1. Keratinocytes

Front 6

What happens to keratinocytes when they reach the apical layers?

Back 6

1. Apoptosis

Front 7

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Back 7

1. Basale

2. Spinosum

3. Granulosum

4. Lucidum

5. Corneum

Front 8

What is the morphology of the cells in the basale?

Back 8

1. Single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells on basement membrane

Front 9

What links adjacent cells in the basale?

Back 9

1. Hemidesmosomes

Front 10

What is degenerated in bullous pemphigoid?

Back 10

1. Hemidesmosomes

Front 11

What connects adjacent cells in the spinosum?

Back 11

1. Desmosomes

Front 12

What is the characteristic feature of cells in the granulosum?

Back 12

1. Keratohyalin granules

Front 13

What is the characteristic appearance of cells in the corneum?

Back 13

1. Lost nucleus and organelles

2. Filled with keratin filaments

3. Spaces between cells filled with lipid

Front 14

What are the functions of keratinocytes?

Back 14

1. Production of keratin

2. Water barrier

Front 15

What are the bodies found within keratinocytes?

Back 15

1. Lamellar bodies

2. Keratohyalin granules

Front 16

What do keratohyalin granules contain?

Back 16

1. Filaggrin

2. Trichohyalin

Both are intermediate filaments

Front 17

What do filaggrin and trichohyalin promote?

Back 17

1. Keratinization--- aggregation of keratin filaments into fibrils

Front 18

What are lamellar bodies?

Back 18

1. Membrane-bound vesicles containing a mixture of lipids

2. Contribute to extracellular hydrophobic barrier

Front 19

From what are melanocytes derived? Where are they found?

Back 19

1. Neural crest cells

2. Found mostly in stratum basal

Front 20

What is contained within melanocytes?

Back 20

1. Melanosomes--- end of dendritic processes of melanocyte

Front 21

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Back 21

1. APCs--- dendritic cells

Front 22

What is the function of Merkel's cells?

Back 22

1. Mechanoreception

Front 23

How are Merkel's cells bound to keratinocytes?

Back 23

1. Desmosomes

Front 24

Where are Merkel's cells located?

Back 24

1. Basale

Front 25

What is contained in the cytoplasm of Merkel's cells?

Back 25

1. Dense-core granules

2. NTs to excite afferent myelinated fibers

Front 26

What are rete ridges?

Back 26

1. Ridges of epidermis that interdigitate with dermal papillae

Front 27

What are the layers of the dermis?

Back 27

1. Papillary

2. Reticular

Front 28

What makes up the papillary layer?

Back 28

1. Loose connective tissue

2. Delicate network of collagen

3. Includes dermal papillae

Front 29

What makes up the reticular layer?

Back 29

1. Dense irregular connective tissue--- collagen type I

Front 30

What are capillary loops?

Back 30

1. Extend into dermal papillae

2. Bring blood towards surface of skin

Front 31

Where is the superficial vascular plexus located?

Back 31

1. Junction between papillary and reticular layers of dermis

Front 32

Where is the deep vascular plexus located?

Back 32

1. Cutaneous/subQ junction

Front 33

Where are dermal lymphatics found?

Back 33

1. Dermal papillae

Front 34

What makes up the pilosebaceous apparatus?

Back 34

1. Hair follicles

2. Hair

3. SEbaceous glands

Front 35

What are the layers of hair?

Back 35

1. Medulla--- vacuolated cells

2. Cortex--- live cells accumulating keratin

3. Cuticle--- dead squamous cells

Front 36

Via what type of secretion is sebum produced?

Back 36

1. Holocrine---- lipids/apoptosis/release of lipids

Front 37

How do cells migrate in sebaceous glands?

Back 37

1. Proliferating immature cells are pushed out of basal layer

2. Maturing cells enlarge

3. Mature cells are large, terminally differentiated cells with large lipid droplets

Front 38

What innervates the arrector pili?

Back 38

1. SNS

Front 39

Where are eccrine sweat glands found?

Back 39

All over body EXCEPT:

1. Lips

2. Part of genitalia

NOT associated with hair follicle

Front 40

What is the morphology of eccrine sweat glands?

Back 40

1. Simple coiled tubular glands

Front 41

What lines the duct of the eccrine sweat gland?

Back 41

1. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 42

What do the clear/dark cells of the eccrine sweat gland produce?

Back 42

1. Clear: watery component of sweat

2. Dark: proteinaceous component of sweat via merocrine secretion

Front 43

Where are apocrine sweat glands found?

Back 43

1. Hair follicles

Front 44

What do apocrine sweat glands secrete?

Back 44

1. Pheromones via merocrine secretion

Front 45

Where are apocrine glands found?

Back 45

1. Lips

2. Axilla

3. Areola

4. Perineal region