Skin, Hair, Nails

Front 1

halo nevus

Back 1

usually benign oval pigmented halo around mole usually on the back of a young adult

Front 2

intradermal nevus

Back 2

dome shaped raised, limited to dermis, not malignant

Front 3

junction nevus

Back 3

nevus cells lining a dermoepithelial junction. remove if exposed to repeated trauma

Front 4

compound nevus

Back 4

should be removed is exposed to repeated trauma

Front 5

hairy nevus

Back 5

may be present at birth and can cover a large area

Front 6

Where is most common place for dysplastic nevi in men and women?

Back 6

men- upper back

women- legs

Front 7

Where is the thinnest skin?

Back 7

eyelids

Front 8

Where is the thickest skin?

Back 8

Areas of pressure, most often soles,palms,elbows

Front 9

How should the room for inspection be lit?

Back 9

With daylight. If not available use tangental lighting

Front 10

Which populations have the most, fewest nevi?

Back 10

Whites have the most. Blacks have the fewest. Sunlight exposure increases. Peak in 4th to 5th decade.

Front 11

What are main features of dysplastic nevi

Back 11

Large (>5mm) ill defined border, discolored in certain places, For possible melanoma use ABCDE characterists

Front 12

Macule

Back 12

Flat circumscribed area that is a change in color of skin, <1cm

Examples: freckles, flat moles, petechia, measles, scarlet fever

Front 13

papule

Back 13

elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1cm Example: wart

Front 14

patch

Back 14

flat non palpable irregular macule >1cm in diameter

Example: port wine stain, cafe au lait, Vitiligo

Front 15

plaque

Back 15

elevated firm rough lesion with flat top surface >1cm in diameter.

Example: psoriasis

Front 16

wheal

Back 16

elevated, irregular region of cutaneous edema, Example: insect bite, allergic reaction

Front 17

nodule

Back 17

elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion

deeper in dermis than papule

1-2 cm in diameter

Example: lipoma, erythema nodosum

Front 18

tumor

Back 18

elevated solid lesion; may/may not be clearly demarked; deep in dermis >2cm

Example: neoplasm, lipoma

Front 19

vesicle

Back 19

elevated, superficial, serous fluid filled lesion, less than 1cm in diameter; not in dermis

Example: chicken pox

Front 20

bulla

Back 20

vesicle >1 cm diameter

Example: blister

Front 21

pustule

Back 21

elevated superficial lesion; similar to vesicle filled with purulent fluid

Front 22

cyst

Back 22

elevated circumscribed encapsulated lesion in dermis/subQ filled with liquid or semisolid material

Front 23

scale

Back 23

heaped up keratinized flaky skin

Front 24

lichenification

Back 24

rough thickened epidermis secondary to persistant itch or rubbing: contact dermatitis

Front 25

keloid

Back 25

irregular, elevated progressively enlarging scar

Front 26

scar

Back 26

accumulation of fibrous tissue

Front 27

what is the most common cause of a furuncle (boil)?

Back 27

staphylococcus aureus infection

Front 28

What are most common causes of cellulitis

Back 28

strep pyogenes, or stapy aureus

Front 29

What are causative organisms of tinea?

Back 29

non candidial fungal infections

Front 30

how is tinea classified?

Back 30

by anatomic location: ie tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris

Front 31

what is pityriasis rosea

Back 31

self limiting inflammation of an unknown cause that usually subsides on its own after several weeks

Front 32

what is psoriasis

Back 32

chronic and recurrent dsease of keratin synthesis

Front 33

what is rosacea?

Back 33

chronic inflammatory skin disorder of an unknown cause with many triggers such as sun exposure and cold weather. Eruptions often occur on forehead cheeks and nose

Front 34

what causes shingles?

Back 34

varicella zoster viral infection (VZV)

Front 35

what is the pattern of shingles

Back 35

usually along a single dermatome. the virus travels along nerve fibers

Front 36

what causes herpes

Back 36

type 1 - oral infection of HSV

type 2- genital infection of HSV

crossover infections possible

Front 37

what causes lyme disease?

Back 37

tick bites resultin in infection with borrelia burgdorferi.

Front 38

what are characteristics of lyme disease/

Back 38

early- singular erythema migrans (bullseye) lesion followed by many complications usch as neurologic palsys, meningitis, carditis...etc...

Front 39

What predisposes one to acanthosis nigricans?

Back 39

obesity, endocrine syndromes, malignancies, also can be inherited

Front 40

what is most common pattern of acanthosis nigricans

Back 40

dark thickening of skin commonly in axallae, neck groin and other areas of flexion

Front 41

what causes cutaneous anthrax

Back 41

spores from bacillus anthracis

Front 42

what are characteristics of anthrax exposure

Back 42

putric macules that enlarge to ulcers and necrosis occurs shortly after

Front 43

what causes smallpox?

Back 43

variola virus

Front 44

what is most common skin cancer?

Back 44

basal cell carcinoma

Front 45

what is the second most common skin cancer?

Back 45

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 46

where does a Basal cell carcinoma occur most often?

Back 46

most often exposed parts of body

Front 47

ABCDE of malignant melanoma

Back 47

assymetry, border uneven, color, and diameter >6mm, E is evolution and changing

Front 48

what causes kaposi sarcoma?

Back 48

Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus 8

Front 49

what are characteristics of kaposi sarcoma?

Back 49

soft blue purple painless lesions of skin. often presenting symptom of HIV/AIDS

Front 50

What is alopecia areata

Back 50

sudden rapid patchy loss of hair from scalp or face

Front 51

what is scarring alopecia

Back 51

replacement of hair follicles with scar tissue

Front 52

traction alopecia

Back 52

hair loss due to repeated pulling often due to hairstyles

Front 53

what is hirsutism

Back 53

growth of terminal hair in women in a male pattern : ie the bearded lady

Front 54

what causes hirsutism

Back 54

high androgen levels or follicles with extra sensitivity to androgens

Front 55

what is paronychia

Back 55

an infection of the paryonchium (nails) can result in drainage appearing under the nails

Front 56

onychomycosis

Back 56

fungal infection of the nail

Front 57

what causes ingrown nails

Back 57

lateral pressure caused by poor fitting shoes is a common cause, trauma or excessive trimming also contribute

Front 58

what is and what causes a subungual hematoma

Back 58

trauma to the nail plate that cuases bleeding and pain under the nail plate. may result in loss of nail or seperation from nail plate if severe enough

Front 59

what is onycholysis and what causes it?

Back 59

onycholysis is a looseining and seperation of nails from the bed that begins distally.

it is caused by trauma, psoriasis, candidia, pseudomonis

Front 60

What is koilonychia and what causes it?

Back 60

it is a central depression of nail (spoon nail) and is associated with iron deficency anemia and syphilis

Front 61

what are beau lines and what cause them>

Back 61

transverse depressions in nail bed associated with coronary occlusion hypercalcimia and skin disease

Front 62

what causes white banding in nails?

Back 62

chronic CHF, psoriasis, T2DM

Front 63

what causes warts

Back 63

HPV infection, often appear in the fingers

Front 64

What is PUPPP and when do you see it

Back 64

pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy seen in the 3rd trimester of 1st pregnancy

Front 65

Is herpes gestationis associated with HSV?

Back 65

no. it is named for the clinical manifestation of herpetiform blisters that appear due to a rare autoimmune disorder present in some pregnant women

Front 66

What is associated with seborrheic dermatitis

Back 66

scaling eruption in areas of concentrated sebatious glands

Front 67

what is miliaria rubra

Back 67

prickly heat. caused by sweat duct occlusion and sweat retention in infants. particularly hot humid conditions

Front 68

what is impetigo

Back 68

common contaeous skin infection caused by staph or sterptococcus infection

Front 69

what causes acne vulgaris

Back 69

androgens activating excess sebum production. infection with propionibacterium and neutrophilia inflammatory response

Front 70

what causes chickenpox

Back 70

varicella zoster virus

Front 71

what causes measles

Back 71

rubeola

Front 72

what is a koplik spot

Back 72

discreat white macular lesion associated with rubeola

Front 73

what is the german measles

Back 73

rubella virus infection identifyable by reddish spots (forshheimer spots) in the soft palate at the onset of external rash

Front 74

what is the fancy name for pulling your hair out?

Back 74

trichotillomania

Front 75

what is stasis dermatits and who gets it?

Back 75

infection/inflammation common in older, immobilized patients with poor venous flow. usually in the lower extremity

Front 76

what is a solar keratisis

Back 76

squamous cell carcinoma confined to epidermis secondary to chronic sun exposure and advanced age

Front 77

what does a pseudomonis infection (burn related) often smell like

Back 77

grapelike

Front 78

what does clostridium gas gangrene smell like

Back 78

rotten apples

Front 79

what does a proteus infection smell like?

Back 79

mousy

Front 80

what does tuberculosis lymphadenitis smell like?

Back 80

stale beer

Front 81

what dos an anaerobic infection or scurvy smell like

Back 81

putrid

Front 82

what does PKU smell like

Back 82

mousy, musty

Front 83

what does peritoitis smell like

Back 83

feculent