Skin, Hair, And Nails

Front 1

lanugo

Back 1

the fine, downy hair of the newborn infant

Front 2

vernix caseosa

Back 2

the thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells; present at birth

Front 3

linea nigra

Back 3

the midline of the abdomen

Front 4

striae gravidarum

Back 4

stretch marks

Front 5

senile purpura

Back 5

dark red discolored areas produced from a minor trauma in the aging adult

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seborrhea

Back 6

oily skin

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xerosis

Back 7

dry skin

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pruritus

Back 8

skin itching

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alopecia

Back 9

a significant hairloss

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hirsutism

Back 10

shaggy or excessive hair

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pallor

Back 11

condition when the red-pink tones from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost, the skin takes on the color of connective tissue, which is mostly white

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erythema

Back 12

an intense redness of the skin from excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries

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cyanosis

Back 13

a bluish mottled color the signifies decreased perfusion; the tissues doe not have enough oxygenated blood

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jaundice

Back 14

a yellowish skin color indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood

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annular

Back 15

lesion configuration- circular, begins and spreads to periphery

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confluent

Back 16

lesion configuration- lesions run together

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discrete

Back 17

lesion configuration- distinct, individual lesions that remain separate

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gyrate

Back 18

lesion configuration- twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike

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grouped

Back 19

lesion configuration- clusters of lesions

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linear

Back 20

lesion configuration- a scratch, streak, line, or stripe

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target

Back 21

lesion configuration- resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesion

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zosteriform

Back 22

lesion configuration- linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route

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polycyclic

Back 23

lesion configuration- annular lesions grow together

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macule

Back 24

primary lesion type- solely a color change, flat, and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm

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papule

Back 25

primary lesion type- something you can feel caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis

Front 26

patch

Back 26

primary lesion type- macules that are larger than 1 cm;

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plaque

Back 27

primary lesion type- papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm; a plateau-like, disk-shaped lesion

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nodule

Back 28

primary lesion type- solid, elevated , hard or soft, larger than 1 cm; may extend deeper into dermis than papule

Front 29

wheal

Back 29

primary lesion type- superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema

Front 30

tumor

Back 30

primary lesion type- larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, may be benign or malignant

Front 31

urticaria (hives)

Back 31

primary lesion type- wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic

Front 32

vesicle

Back 32

primary lesion type- elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a "blister"; clear serum flows if wall is ruptured

Front 33

bulla

Back 33

primary lesion type- larger than 1 cm diameter, usually single chambered; superficial in epidermis; it is thin walled, so it ruptures easily

Front 34

cyst

Back 34

primary lesion type- encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin

Front 35

pustule

Back 35

primary lesion type- turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity; circumscribed and elevated

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crust

Back 36

secondary lesion type- the thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up

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scale

Back 37

secondary lesion type- compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells

Front 38

fissure

Back 38

secondary lesion type- linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis, dry or moist

Front 39

erosion

Back 39

secondary lesion type- scooped out but shallow depression. superficial; epidermis lost; moist but no bleeding; heals without scar because does not extend into dermis

Front 40

ulcer

Back 40

secondary lesion type- deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals

Front 41

excoriation

Back 41

secondary lesion type- self-inflicted abrasion; superficial; sometimes crusted; scratches from intense itching

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scar

Back 42

secondary lesion type- after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue

Front 43

atrophic scar

Back 43

secondary lesion type- the resulting skin level is depressed with loss of tissue; a thinning of the epidermis

Front 44

lichenification

Back 44

secondary lesion type- prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss

Front 45

keloid

Back 45

secondary lesion type- a hypertropic scar. the resulting skin is elevated by excess scar tissue, which is invasive beyond the site of original injury

Front 46

port-wine stain (nevus flammeus)

Back 46

a large, flat, macular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along the distribution of cranial nerve V

Front 47

strawberry mark (immature hemangioma)

Back 47

a raised bright red area with well-defined borders about 2 to 3 cm in diameter; does not blanch with pressure

Front 48

cavernous hemangioma (mature)

Back 48

a reddish blue, irregular shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels

Front 49

telangiectases

Back 49

caused by vascular dilation; permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible on the skin surface

Front 50

spider or star angioma

Back 50

a fiery red, star-shaped marking with a solid circular center

Front 51

venous lake

Back 51

a blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern

Front 52

petechiae

Back 52

tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1 to 3 mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple, or brown in color; caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries; will not blanch

Front 53

ecchymosis

Back 53

a purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin; >3 mm in diameter

Front 54

purpura

Back 54

confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses; >3 mm flat; red to purple, macular hemorrhage

Front 55

diaper dermatitis

Back 55

red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area, extending along inguinal and gluteal folds

Front 56

intertrigo (candidiasis)

Back 56

scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales; usually in genital area extending along inguinal and gluteal folds

Front 57

impetigo

Back 57

moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base; rupture to form thick, honey-colored crusts

Front 58

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Back 58

erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping, oozing, and crusts; severe pruritus

Front 59

measles (rubeola)

Back 59

red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash in dark skin and in light skin appears on third or fourth day of illness

Front 60

German measles (rubella)

Back 60

pink, papular rash first appears on face, then spreads

Front 61

chickenpox (varicella)

Back 61

small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk, then spread to face, arms, and legs

Front 62

primary contact dermatitis

Back 62

local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment or an allergy

Front 63

allergic drug reaction

Back 63

erythematous and symmetric rash, usually generalized

Front 64

tinea corporis (ringworm of the body)

Back 64

scales- hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark-skinned persons; multiple circular lesions with clear centers

Front 65

tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot)

Back 65

"athlete's foot" a fungal infection, first appears as small vesicles between toes, sides of feet, and soles and then grows scaly and hard

Front 66

labial herpes simplex (cold sores)

Back 66

herpes simplex virus infection has a prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity; lesions then erupt with tight vesicles followed by pustules and then produces acute gingivostomatitis with many shallow, painful ulcers

Front 67

tinea cersicolor

Back 67

fine, scaling, round patches of pink, tan, or white that do not tan in sunlight, caused by a superficial fungal infection

Front 68

herpes zoster (shingles)

Back 68

small, grouped vesicles emerge along the route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then crusts; caused by varicella zoster virus, a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox

Front 69

erythema migrans of lyme disease

Back 69

diseased caused by deer tick bites

Front 70

psoriasis

Back 70

scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales on top

Front 71

basal cell carcinomas

Back 71

usually starts as a skin-colored papule with a pearly translucent top and overlying telangiectasia (broken blood vessels)

Front 72

seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)

Back 72

thick, yellow to white, greasy, adherent scales with mild erythema on scalp and forehead; very common in early infancy

Front 73

folliculitis

Back 73

superficial infection of hair follicles; multiple pustules, with hair visible at center and erythematous base

Front 74

toxic alopecia

Back 74

patchy, symmetric balding that accompanies severe illness or use of chemotherapy where growing hairs are lost and resting hairs are spared

Front 75

traumatic alopecia

Back 75

linear or oval patch of hair loss along hair line, a part, or scattered distribution; caused by trauma from hair rollers, tight braiding, tight ponytail, barrettes

Front 76

trichotillomania

Back 76

traumatic, self-induced hair loss usually the result of compulsive twisting or plucking

Front 77

hirsutism

Back 77

excess body hair in females forming a male sexual pattern; caused by endocrine or metabolic dysfunction or occasionally idiopathic

Front 78

paronychia

Back 78

red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds

Front 79

beau's line

Back 79

transverse furrow or groove; a depression across the nail that extends down the nail bed

Front 80

splinter hemorrhage

Back 80

red-brown linear streaks, embolic lesions, occur with subacute bacterial endocarditis; also may occur with minor trauma

Front 81

late clubbing

Back 81

inner edge of nail elevates; nail bed angle is greater than 180 degrees

Front 82

onycholysis

Back 82

a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails, and more often, toenails; common in older adults

Front 83

habit-tic dystrophy

Back 83

depression down middle of nail or multiple horizontal ridges, caused by continuous picking of cuticle by another finger of same hand, which causes injury to nail base and nail matrix

Front 84

vitiligo

Back 84

the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices.

Front 85

anasarca

Back 85

bilateral edema or edema that is generalized over the whole body

Front 86

lesion

Back 86

a traumatic or pathological changes in previously normal structures