Skin Care Need To Known Terminology

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Mitosis

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Process in which human tissue cells reproduce by dividing in half,creating two daughter cells.

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Tissues :

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Group of similar cells that perform specific functions.

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Organs

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Separate body structures composed of multiple tissues that each perform specific functions.

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Cell

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The basic unit of all living matter.

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Skeletal system

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Physical foundation of the body; composed of 206 bones.

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Ethmoid bone:

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Spongy bone between both eye socket that forms part of the nasal cavity.

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Muscular system

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Contracts and moves various parts of the body and supports the skeletal system.

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Myology

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Study of muscles -their structure, function and diseases.

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Origin

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Place where a muscle attaches to a non-moving section of bone.

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Belly

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The middle part of the muscle.

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Insertion:

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Portion of the muscle joined to bone to assist movement.

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Striated muscle

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Also known as skeletal muscles, are voluntary muscles attached to the bones and are knowingly controlled.

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Non-striated muscle

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Involuntary muscle that is smooth and not marked with lines.

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Effleurage

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Massage technique that involves gliding,stroking or circular movements, utilizing a light,slow consistent motion with either light or no pressure.

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Petrissage

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Massage technique that involves kneading, lifting or grasping movement.

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Friction

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Massage technique that involves deep rubbing, rolling or wringing movement applied with pressure, forcing one layer of tissue to press against another layer,therefore flattening or stretching that tissue.

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Percussion

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Also known as tapotement, massage technique that involves short,light tapping or slapping movements.

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Vibration

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Massage technique that involves the use of the tips of the fingers to produce a rapid shaking movement.

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Integumentary system

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Comprised of skin and it's layers; serves as a protective covering.

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Protection

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Guarding against the skin's enemies, such as UV rays, extreme weather conditions, bacterial infections and injury.

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Heat regulation

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Maintaining a body temperature of 98.6 Fahrenheit through the blood and excretion of perspiration.

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Absorption

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Allows products to penetrate the skin to keep it supple and pliable, which helps the skin to retain it's stretch and/or elasticity.

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Secretion

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When sebum, an oily substance, is delivered from the sebaceous glands to provide moisture and maintain skin's elasticity.

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Excretion

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Accomplished when the sweat glands disburse perspiration; this maintains a healthy temperature by cooling the body.

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Sensation

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Nerve endings that are stimulated through touch, heat,cold,pressure and pain receptors; these receptors are situated near the hair follicles within the dermis and messages to the brain to react to the sensation.

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Epidermis

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Also known as basal layer,is the outermost layer of the skin,containing many small nerve endings, but no blood vessels.

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Stratum corneum

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Outermost layer of the epidermis, known as the horn layer.

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Stratum lucidum

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Clear layer of epidermis, just below the stratum corneum

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Stratum granulosum

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Granular - like layer of the epidermis located between the stratum lucidum and stratum spinosum.

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Stratum spinosum

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Layer where the cells develop tiny spines that assist in binding all cells tightly together.

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Stratum germinativum

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Deepest/ innermost layer of the epidermis, known as the basal cell layer.

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Dermis

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The underlying or inner layer of the skin directly below the epidermis, also known as derma, corium,cuts or true skin.

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Papillary layer

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Outermost layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis.

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Reticular layer

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Deeper layer of the derma located below the papillary layer, that assists in supplying the skin with nutrients and oxygen.

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Subcutaneous tissue

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Fatty tissue found beneath the dermis.

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Duct gland

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Secretes waste from the body and deposits it on the skin's surface;located within the dermis.

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Sebaceous gland

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Sac-like duct gland attached to the hair follicles that produce sebum.

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Sudoriferous

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Also known as sweet glands, consist of tube - like ducts that begin in the dermis and extend the epidermis by attaching themselves to hair follicles.

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Sebum

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Oily substance that lubricates the skin or scalp and is secreted from the sebaceous glands.

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Dermatology

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Study of skin,it's functions, structures, conditions, diseases / disorders and treatments.

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Albinism

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Rare congenital skin disorder characterized by a total or partial lack of melanin.

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Leukoderma

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Skin disorder that is characterized by light patches (hypopigmentation);leukoderma can be caused by a burn or congenital disease, such as albinism.

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Vitiligo

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Inherited skin disorder producing smooth, irregularly - shaped white patches, caused by the loss of pigment producing cells.

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Chloasma

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Also known as liver spots or moth patches, are non-elevated,hypopigmentation, light to dark brown spots and scattered on hands, arms or face.

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Nevus

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Birthmark on the skin, characterized by small or large irregularly -shaped marks or stains.

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Keratoma

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Also known as a callus or tyloma, is a thickened or hardened area of skin caused by friction, continual rubbing, or pressure over the same part of skin.

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Verruca

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The medical term for a wart,characterized by a hard,rough,red or flesh-colored bump that is commonly found on hands or feet.

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Mole

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Small flat or raised pigmented spot on the surface of the skin,ranging in color from light to dark brown.

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Milia

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Small, white, keratin - filled bumps or cysts that are enclosed within the epidermis with no visible opening; commonly found around the eyes,cheeks and/or forehead.

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Comedo

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Skin lesion containing masses of sebum trapped in the hair follicles; two types of comedones are open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads).

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Acne

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Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

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Rosacea

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Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly on the nose and cheeks.

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Bromhidrosis

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Foul-smelling perspiration.

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Hyperhidrosis

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An over-abundance of perspiration due to an overactive sudoriferous gland.

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Anhidrosis

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Lack of perspiration due to an underactive sudoriferous gland.

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Miliaria Rubra

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Also known as heat rash or prickly heat,is a rash of tiny ,red ,raised spots appearing on the skin ,accompanied by burning and itching.

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Dermatitis

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Inflammation of skin from any cause , resulting in a range of symptoms, such as redness ,swelling ,itching ,or blostering.

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Dermatitis venenate

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Also known as contact dermatitis, is an allergic reaction caused by the skin's sensitivity to the exposure or use of a certain product.

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Eczema

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Painful, itchy and non-contagious skin inflammation, which can have the appearance of either dry or moist lesions.

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Impetigo

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Contagious bacterial infection of the skin characterized by open lesions.

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Conjunctivitis

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Also known as pinkeye,is a common bacterial infection of the eyes that is highly contagious.

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Lesion

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Wound or mark on the skin that can be considered either a diseases or disorder.

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Papule

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Small,red elevated protrusion of the skin, usually containing no pus.

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Pustule

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Inflamed, elevated pimple that contains pus.

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Macule

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Areas of discoloration that appear on the skin surface; for example, freckles.

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Vesicle

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Small blister or sac filled with a clear fluid.

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Bulla

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Large blister or sac filled with a clear fluid.

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Wheal:

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Also known as urticaria, an itchy swollen lesion that occurs shortly after an insect bite or allergic reaction.

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Excoriation:

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Occurs through the scraping or scratching of the epidermal layer or skin's surface; this can occur with an existing sore being scratched, irritating the existing injury.

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Basal cell carcinoma :

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The most common and mildest form of skin cancer; it is characterized either as a small red bump with a surface appearance of blood vessels or a pearly nodule with a rough texture.

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Squamous cell carcinoma

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Common form of skin cancer, also non-melanoma type; it has an appearance of enlarged red nodules and a rough texture.

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Malignant melanoma

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Most dangerous form of skin cancer; it appears as dark brown or black spots or lesions with an uneven shape, size and/ or color.

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Sanitation

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The lowest level of decontamination that is a physical or chemical process of reducing the surface pathogens and dirt, it will aid in preventing the growth of germs but will not kill bacteria.

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Antiseptic

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Agents that prevents or reduces infection by eliminating or decreasing the growth of microorganisms; it can be applied safely to the skin to cleanse a superficial wound or assist in the removal of bacteria.

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Disinfections

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To destroy microorganisms on nonporous surfaces and prevent infection; the second level of infection control.

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Bactericidal

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Product or item that is capable of destroying bacteria.

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Virucidal

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Capable of destroying viruses.

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Fungicidal

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Capable of destroying fungi.

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Tuberculocidal

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Product that is able to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

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Sterilization

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Chemical process that completely destroys all microbial life and bacterial spores on nonporous surfaces; the most effective / highest level of infection control; germ-free.

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Herpes simplex (HSV)

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Commonly known as a fever blister or a cold sore, is a contagious skin disorder associated with a viral infection.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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Bloodborne pathogen that weakens the immune system by destroying the white blood cells; HIV is the virus that can lead to AIDS.

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS )

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The final stage of the HIV virus, which destroys the immune system.

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MRSA (methicillin -resistant staphylococcus aureus )

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Infection that is resistant to certain antibiotics, commonly found on the skin and starts as small,red bumps

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Hepatitis

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Bloodborne virus that can cause inflammation of the liver caused by infections of toxic agents and is characterized by jaundice, fever,liver enlargement and abdominal pain.

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Alternating current (AC)

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Rapid or interrupted electrical current that switches direction,moving in one direction then changing to the opposite direction.

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Direct current (DC)

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Electric current that flows in only one direction.

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Conductor

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Any material that allows or supports the flow of electric current; for example, metal,copper and water are excellent conductors of electricity.

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Volt

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Unit for measuring the force or pressure of an electric current.

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Ohm

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Unit for measuring the resistance of an electric current.

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Fuse

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Designed to prevent an excessive amount of electrical current from passing through the circuit.

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Hirsutism

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Also known as hypertrichosis, is extreme hairiness or excessive growth of hair, sometimes on uncommon areas of the face and body.

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Tesla high frequency current

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Also known as violet ray, uses alternating current (AC) that produces heat and provides stimulation and/or relaxation to the skin and scalp.

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Galvanic current

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Constant and direct current set to a safe, low voltage level; chemical changes are produced when the current is passed through certain solutions containing acids and salts.

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Polarity

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Property of having two opposites;a positive and negative pole of an electric current.

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Circulatory system

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Comprised of the blood, blood vessels, and heart; responsible for moving blood and lymph throughout the body.

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Blood

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Nourishing fluid that supplies nutrients and oxygen, carries away waste products, and protects the body from pathogenic bacteria.

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Platelet (thrombocyte)

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Colorless particle located in the blood that is responsible for clotting.

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Artery

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Thick-walled,tube like vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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Vein

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Thin walled, tube like vessel that carries impure blood back to the heart, contains small cup like structures that keep the blood flowing in one direction.

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Atrium

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The thin walled chambers of the top half of the heart and are referred to as the right and /or left atrium.

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Ventricle

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Thick-walled chambers on the bottom half of the heart and are referred to as the right and or left ventricle.

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Valves

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Permits the blood to flow in one direction only, either into or out of the ventricle and or atrium.

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Lymph

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Clear, slightly yellow fluid that is located within the vessels and is filtered by the lymph nodes.

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Common carotid arteries

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Main source of blood supply to the face ,head and neck.

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Neurology

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Scientific study of the structure and purpose of the nervous system.

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Nervous system

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Comprised of the brain,spinal cord and nerves; it regulates and controls all of the body's activities.

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Motor nerve

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Nerve that carries message to the brain and or spinal cord to produce movement.

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Sensory nerve

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Nerve that carries message to the brain and or spinal cord to recognize touch,cold,heat,sight,taste,pain,smell and pressure.

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Digestive system

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Comprised of the stomach, intestine, mouth and servant glands that digest food and break it down into nutrients.

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Endocrine system

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Comprised of specialized, ductless glands that regulate hormone production.

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Excretory system

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Comprised of the kidneys, liver,skin,large intestine and lungs that eliminate waste from the body.

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Lymphatic / immune system

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Main function is to protect the body from disease by developing immunities.

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Reproductive system

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Comprised of the organs necessary to reproduce.

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Respiratory system

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Comprised of the organs that help to process air.

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Systemic disease

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Often due to over functioning or under functioning internal glands or organs.