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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skin is the largest ___ of the body
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organ
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The skin is divided into __ layers. Being ___, ___, ___
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3 layers
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
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The epidermis contains __ layers and is the tough ___ layer called ___ ___
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5 layers
tough outer layer stratum corneum |
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Melanocytes are in the ___ and gives skin ___
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epidermis
color |
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The dermis contains (5)
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oil glands
sweat glands hair follicles blood vessels nerves |
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The subcutaneous layer is the ___ layer and contains (4)
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deepest
nerves blood vessels fat connective tissues |
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Skin functions (5)
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protection
regulate body temperature synthesizes chemicals synthesizes hormones sense organ |
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Cancer of the skin is the ___ common human cancer, accounting for more than ___ new cases, mostly ___ ___, in the US
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most
1,000,000 basal cell |
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Almost ___ of all people who live to age __ or greater will develop at least ___ skin cancer
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half
65 one |
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The majority of cancer of the skin are classified pathologically as ___ ___ carcinomas.
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basal cell
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The most common type of type of skin cancer
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basal cell carcinomas
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The second most common type of skin cancer
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squamous cell carcinomas
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Deadliest type of skin ca
What percent |
malignant melanoma
small percent |
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Factors that might account for increasing percentage of skin cancer
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-tan is "in"
-clothes more revealing, showing more skin -ozone layer depletion, that allow harmful rays into earths atmosphere |
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Major factor in the development of skin cancer is exposure to
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ultraviolet light
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___ skinned individuals ___ develop skin cancers as compared to those with ___ complexions, and especially those with ___.
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Dark
rarely light red |
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Dark skinned people have more ___ in their skin, accounting for the darker color and exerting a ___ ___ effect against UVL.
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melanin
protective screening |
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Individuals who have a high chance of developing skin ca (3)
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-live near equator
-live at high altitudes -cumulative exposure to UVL, why it's infrequent in children |
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Other possible risk factors for the development of skin ca (3)
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-exposure to chemicals and insecticides (arsenics, coal tar)
-exposure to therapeutic or occupational radiation -genetic |
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Genetically transmitted conditions with increase risk of skin ca
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xeroderma pigmentosa
basal cell nevus syndrome |
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___ conditions may contribute to the pathogenesis of skin tumors
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Immune
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___ ___ cancers increased in immune-compromised patients
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Squamous cell
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When examining the skin for potential skin cancers- most skin ca's are ABCD's
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A- Asymmentry; asymmetrical
B- Border; uneven borders C- Color; mottled, NOT uniform in color D- Diameter; tend to be wider, moles under 6mm |
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Skin cancers are classified according to the __ of the skin from which they ___.
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cell
originate |
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Malignant melanoma arises from the melanocytes of the ___ ___ layer of the epidermis.
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stratum basale
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Basal cell cancers come from the ___ cells of the ____ ___.
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basal cells
stratum basale |
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Squamous cell cancers arise from the ___ ___ of the epidermis
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upper layers
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Most common type of skin cancer
What percent of non-melanomas |
basal cell
75% |
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Mets? Growth? Basal cell ca
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-does NOT met
-grows slow |
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If basal cell ca is untreated, they can cause ___ ___ to surrounding tissues
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extensive damage
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With rare basal cell mets ___ can occur
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death
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Most basal cell cancers present as a __ __ ___ and is ___ in color.
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pearly gray nodule
pink or flesh |
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Most common type of basal cell
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nodular
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The majority of basal cell occur on (4)
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face
neck backs hands |
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Most important goal in management of basal cell is
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complete elimination of lesions
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Complete elimination of basal cell is accomplished by (6)
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curettage
electrodessication surgical excision cryosurgery (freezing with nitrogen) Mohs surgery (microscopic in layers) CO2 lazers |
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Radiation therapy for basal cells may be used if surgery would compromise the patients
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cosmetic appearence
pt not a good surgical risk |
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___ or ___ therapy is appropriate for basal cell because low penetration required
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Orthovoltage
electron |
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Chemotherapy for basal cell may be appropriate for ___ ___ or ___ tumors
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locally aggressive
metastatic |
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____ disease for basal cell is associated with poor prognosis
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Dissemination
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Prognosis for basal cell is ___ around 5yr __-__%
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good
90-95% |
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___ cell cancers are the 2nd most common skin cancers found in the ____
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Squamous
epidermis |
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Squamous cell cancers are considered the disease of the ___ affecting ___ and older .
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elderly
65 |
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Incidences of squamous cell ___ with age
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increase
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Squamous cell have the propensity to met to ___ __ ___ and ___ sites.
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regional lymph nodes
distant |
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Sqaumous cell grow ___ and tend to show up in ___ ___ areas.
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faster
sun exposed |
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Areas that squamous cell cancer show up (5)
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head
face neck arms hands |
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Squamous cell appear as (3) lesion
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scaly
flat slightly elevated |
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The causes of squamous cell ca are generally the same for ___ cell, with ___ ___ and ___ ___ exposure playing the largest roles
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basal cell
skin color lifetime sun |
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Treatment and out come of squamous cell is much the same as ___ cell cancers.
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basal
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___ ___ is the most malignant skin cancer and developes from ___/
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Malignant melanoma
melanocytes |
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Melanocytes are cells responsible for producing
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pigment melanin
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Most melanomas occur as a result of _________________
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change in preexisting nevus (mole)
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The most common sign of melanoma is the change in ___, ___ and ___
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border
color diameter |
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Any lesion that alters in size, color, contour or configuration should be considered a possible ___ and be ___
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melanoma
biopsied |
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Late changes for melanomas are (3)
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bleeding
ulceration tenderness |
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Melanoma is __% more frequent in whites than in dark skin. ___ __ ___ plays the role in development
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80%
Exposure to sun |
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Melanomas rarely occur on body areas
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not exposed to sun
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Incidences of melanomas increase with (4)
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age
renal transplant patients leukemia lymphoma patients |
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There are __ type of melanomas
Which are? |
4
-superficial spread -acral-letinginous -nodular melanoma -lentigo melanoma |
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Superficial spread accounts for __% of all cases and arises in ___ ___. It is more common in ___
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70%
preexisting moles young adults |
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Acral-Lentiginous is __% of all cases and occurs on (3). Greatest occerance is amoung
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-palms of hands
-soles of feet -under nails dark skinned people |
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Nodular melanoma is __% of all cases. Arises? In who?
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15%
without evidence of preexisting moles older men |
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Lentigo melanoma is __% of all cases. Arises usuall on the __ and affects the ___. It is associated with ___ ___
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5%
face elderly sun exposure |
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The only curative treatment for melanoma is ___
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surgery
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__________ is also included if melanoma patients are suspected or have proven nodal mets
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Radical excision of the regional lymph nodes
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___ and ___ therapy have both been used for palliative measures of melanoma
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Chemotherapy
Radiation |
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Prognosis for melanoma is ___
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poor
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Melanoma stage I prognosis __%
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95%
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Melanoma stage IV is ___%
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13%
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Poor prognostic factor for melanomas include (70
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-thick tumor
-deep invasion -ulceration -lymph node involvement -mets -gender (women better than ment -location of tumor |
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Melanomas location of tumor pronosis
best not as good worst |
best-extremities
not as good-head and neck worst- trunk tumor |
