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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The skin – strong enough to withstand everyday knocks, yet supple enough to allow movement and varying in thickness from_____mm) on the soles of the feet to less than_____mm) on the eyelids-envelopes the whole body.
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5 mm
0.5mm |
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What is the body’s largest organ?
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The skin
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Accounting for _______ percent of adult body weight, skin is the body’s largest organ.
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15 %
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What do the functions of the skin include?
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Sensing changes in the environment
Controlling body temperature Acting as a waterproof barrier or a screen against damaging radiation from the sun Protecting underlying tissues from infection. |
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What are the two principal layers of the skin?
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Dermis
Epidermis. |
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How many layers does the epidermis contain? Name them from bottom to top.
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5 layers
• stratum basale • stratum spinosum • stratum granulosum • stratum licidum • stratum corneum |
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Describe what the bottom layer, the stratum basale look like?
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It has cells that are shaped like columns
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What happens in the stratum basale?
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In this layer, the cells divide and push already formed cells into higher layers.
As the cells move into the higher layers, they flatten and eventually die. |
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What is the top layer of the epidermis called? What is it made of?
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Stratum corneum
It is made of dead, flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks. |
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How often does the flat skin cells in the stratum corneum shed?
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Every two weeks
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The skin is made up of several layers? Name them.
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Hypodermis (inner),
Dermis (middle), and the Epidermis (outer). |
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What does the underlying dermis contain?
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Fat cells,
Blood and lymphatic vessels Sweat and sebaceous glands Elastic fibers Meissner’s corpuscles, which detect touch and are more plentiful on tips of fingers, toes and lips. |
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What is the function of the Meissner corpuscles?
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Detects touch and are more plentiful on tips of fingers, toes and lips
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Where are the Meissner corpuscles more plentiful?
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Tips of fingers, toes and lips
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What is the function of oil from sebaceous glands?
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Keeps the skin surface supple
Maintain skin’s texture and waterproof properties. |
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Of what does the epidermis consist?
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The epidermis consists of:
Layer upon layer of cells in varying stages of destruction: Flat and without nuclei (stratum corneum) Granular (stratum granulosum) and Those with spines (stratum spinosum)- all derived from the base layer (stratum basale). |
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From what is the stratum corneum, stratum granulosim and stratum spinosum derived?
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Stratum basale (base layer)
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Give another name for base layer.
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Stratum basale
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What is the protein called that are present in the outer layers of the skin, the nails and hair.
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Keratin
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The outer layers of the skin, containing keratin, a tough protein also present in nails and hair, are continually ______and ________by those below.
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shed
replaced |
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How is the skin colored?
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By various pigments in the epidermis, including melanin
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What is melanin?
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A dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals.
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How does melanin change?
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With exposure to sunlight, giving a tan
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The skin is colored by various pigments in the________, including melanin, which changes with exposure to________, giving a tan.
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Epidermis
sunlight |
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What is the function of sweat glands
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Sweat glands help to keep body temperature constant by secreting sweat, which evaporates to cool the skin.
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From what do hair shafts grow?
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Follicles.
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After how many days is a hair shaft shed to be replaced?
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1000 days
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How many hairs are shed each day?
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100
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How is the skin colored?
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By various pigments in the epidermis, including melanin
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What is melanin?
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A dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals.
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How does melanin change?
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With exposure to sunlight, giving a tan
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The skin is colored by various pigments in the________, including melanin, which changes with exposure to________, giving a tan.
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Epidermis
sunlight |
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What is the function of sweat glands
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Sweat glands help to keep body temperature constant by secreting sweat, which evaporates to cool the skin.
|
|
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From what do hair shafts grow?
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Follicles.
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After how many days is a hair shaft shed to be replaced?
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1000 days
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How many hairs are shed each day?
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100
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Describe what the bottom layer, the stratum basale look like?
|
It has cells that are shaped like columns.
|
|
|
What is the top layer of the epidermis called? What is it made of?
|
Stratum corneum
It is made of dead, flat skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks. |
|
|
The skin is made up of several layers? Name them.
|
Hypodermis (inner),
Dermis (middle), and the Epidermis (outer). |
|
|
Of what does the epidermis consist?
|
The epidermis consists of:
Layer upon layer of cells in varying stages of destruction: Flat and without nuclei (stratum corneum) Granular (stratum granulosum) and Those with spines (stratum spinosum)- all derived from the base layer (stratum basale). |
|
|
From what is the stratum corneum, stratum granulosim and stratum spinosum derived?
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Stratum basale (base layer)
|
|
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Give another name for base layer.
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Stratum basale
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What is the protein called that are present in the outer layers of the skin, the nails and hair.
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Keratin
|
|
|
The outer layers of the skin, containing keratin, a tough protein also present in nails and hair, are continually ______and ________by those below.
|
shed
replaced |
|
|
How is the skin colored?
|
By various pigments in the epidermis, including melanin
|
|
|
What is melanin?
|
A dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals
|
|
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How does melanin change?
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With exposure to sunlight, giving a tan
|
|
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The skin is colored by various pigments in the________, including melanin, which changes with exposure to________, giving a tan.
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Epidermis
sunlight |
|
|
What is the function of sweat glands?
|
Sweat glands help to keep body temperature constant by secreting sweat, which evaporates to cool the skin.
|
|
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From what do hair shafts grow?
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Follicles.
|
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After how many days is a hair shaft shed to be replaced?
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1000 days
|
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How many hairs are shed each day?
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100
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