Skin And Bone

Front 1

The skin is made up of?

Back 1

The epidermis
The dermis
The hypodermis

Front 2

The epidermis is made up of?

Back 2

Epithelial layer of strastified squamous epithelium

Front 3

The dermis is made up of?

Back 3

Connective tissue and all structures embedded within

Front 4

The hypodermis

Back 4

Although not always considered part of the skin, studied with the integumentary system; mainly adipose

Front 5

Parts of the Epidermis

Back 5

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum

Front 6

The Stratum basale is

Back 6

The deepest layer where rapid mitosis occurs
It is the source of cella which will be pushed upward to form other layers of the epidermis

Front 7

What are melanocytes

Back 7

located in the stratum basale, melanocytes produce melanin..

Melanin protects the skin from uv rays. some UV makes vitamin
D

Front 8

what is the stratus spinosum

Back 8

The thickest layer of living cells, the cells flatten out and produce keratin, and glycolypids that toughen and water proof the skin.

Front 9

What are other cells found in the Stratum Spinosum

Back 9

Macrophages, which are defensive phagocytic cells

Front 10

Charachteristics of Stratum Granulsom

Back 10

As the cells flatten, the meanin granules are compressed into this thin, dark layer. the cells are dying at this point, and the organelles are deteriorating

Front 11

What do melanin granules produce in the skin?

Back 11

A productive shield from UV rays

Front 12

Charachteristics of Lucidum

Back 12

2 -4 layers thick found just above the

Front 13

Charachteristics of Stratum Corneum

Back 13

Cells that have moved up through the granulosum, keratin filled cells, hardened. The copmbo of keratin and glycolypids make the skin a good barrier for water loss.

Front 14

The Dermis

Back 14

large bed of connective tissue that the epidermis is anchored to

Front 15

What is the papillary layer???

Back 15

Wavy superficial layer, that increases surface area, for stronger attachment to the epidermis

Front 16

What is the Reticular layer

Back 16

the rest of the dermis where most of the structures important to the skin are found

Front 17

Hair is made up of?

Back 17

epidermal/epithelial cells,,
Therfore a hair is made up of Keratin

Front 18

melanocytes are found where and contribute to what?

Back 18

hair folicles, and hair color

Front 19

Sabaceous glands

Back 19

are attached to hair folicles and secrete oil on the hair as it grows

Front 20

Arrector Pili Muscles

Back 20

small muscles that help hair stand erect

Front 21

nails are made of ???

Back 21

hard keratin with a fold of nail matrix providing support for the cells

Front 22

Sweat Glands`

Back 22

remove water and small amounts of solutes from blood and release to the surface. evaporation takes heat with it as water vapor laves the skin

Front 23

what are differences between
Sweat glands
or
sebacous glands

Back 23

sweat glands look like tubes of regular cuboidal cells, compared to sebacous gland cells that look larger and more translucent

Front 24

Blood vessals

Back 24

constrict/or dialate to regulate how much blood (HEAT) is directednear the surface.

Front 25

Free nerve endings

Back 25

Pain, tempeture

Front 26

Meissners corpuscle

Back 26

light touch

Front 27

Pacinain corpuscle

Back 27

pressure

Front 28

hair folicle receptors

Back 28

mostly pain

Front 29

What is the diaphysis

Back 29

long hollow cylynder weight bearing bones

Front 30

The epiphyses

Back 30

are at the ends of the long bone

Front 31

The ephyses is covered by

Back 31

articular or (hylaine cartlige)

Front 32

The membrane on the outside of a bone is the

Back 32

periosteum

Front 33

the endosteum is

Back 33

membrane inside the bone

Front 34

where is yellow marrow found

Back 34

its the fatty tissue inside medullarr cavity

Front 35

the ntwo basic kinds of bone

Back 35

compact and spongy

Front 36

Spongy bone

Back 36

has spaces between the trebeculae of bone, which contain red marrow. Red marrow is responsible for hemopoeisis or hematopoeisis (blood cell production).

Front 37

Compact bone

Back 37

is so dense that cells must arrange themselves in patterns for nutrient/waste exchange (called Osteons or Haversion systems).

Front 38

Osteons or Haversion systems

Back 38

are made of osteocytes forming rings of bone tissue (lamellae) around blood vessels.

Front 39

Haversion (central) canals

Back 39

contain blood vessals

Front 40

lamellae

Back 40

rings of bone tissue

Front 41

Canaliculi

Back 41

microscopic “canals” that allow osteocytes to connect.

Front 42

Osteocyte (bone cell) are found

Back 42

in lacuna.

Front 43

osteocytes

Back 43

produce collagen fibers and secrete hydroxyapatites (mostly calcium phosphate) into the rings of bone matrix (lamellae).

Osteocytes alternate the direction of the fibers and crystals in each lamella; resists twisting.

Front 44

misc

Back 44

The bone matrix is too dense for significant nutrient/waste exchange. Canaliculi, microscopic tunnels that connect osteocytes, allow bone cells to connect and form a network for nutrient/waste exchange.

Nutrients (-) and wastes (-) diffuse through the thin arms of osteocytes. Diffusion is too slow to carry nutrients/wastes more than a few cells in a reasonable time period. This is why there are seldom more than a few rings of osteocytes around a central canal