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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 4 symptoms of full-blown anaphylaxis?
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urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, and bronchospasm
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Food-related anaphylaxis is caused by which of the following: fats, carbohydrates, proteins?
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proteins
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People who are allergic to latex might also be sensitive to what?
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bananas, kiwis, pears, pineapples, grapes, and papaya
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Will radiographic contrast media cause an anaphyaxis or anaphylactoid reaction?
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anaphylactoid
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What is it about the skin, respiratory tract, GI tract, and CV system that makes them so sensitive to anaphyaxis?
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high prevalence of mast cells and very sensitive to mast cell mediators
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What is the first sign in food-induced anaphylaxis?
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oral pruritus
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CV effects of anaphylaxis and causes:
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1. typically tachycardia due to low intravascular volume
2. sometimes bradycardia due to increased vagal activity 3. hypotension 4. capillary permeability increase |
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What are the two ways that anaphylaxis can present?
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1. uniphasic (<1 hour), resolving within 4 hours post-treatment
2. biphasic occurs several hours after initial reaction (up to 8 hours) |
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What is anaphylaxis sometimes nicknamed?
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the great mimic
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what are the 3 criterion for diagnosing anaphylaxis?
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1. acute onset w/skin or mucosal involvement + respiratory compromise or hypotension/organ dysfunction
2. 2 or more rapidly occuring anaphylactic reactions after exposure to a likely allergen 3. hypotension after exposure to known allergen |
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Which lab value is a better indicator of anaphylaxis: histamine or tryptase?
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serum tryptase
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What is the most reliable method of determining Type I Hypersensitivity?
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allergy skin testing
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RAST or skin testing: which is quantitative? Qualitative?
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RAST is quantitative and skin testing is qualitative
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How long must you wait to skin test a patient after anaphyaxis?
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4 weeks
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What is the adult dose and child dose for 1:1000 EPI in anaphylaxis?
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1. 0.3-0.5ml every 5-10 minutes PRN
2. 0.01mg/kg (max of 0.3mg) |
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What other drug may be given in conjunction with EPI for anaphylaxis?
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benadryl
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What is the dose for adults in IM Benadryl?
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50-100mg every 6 hours
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What is the major difference in the causation of anaphyaxis vs. anaphylactoid reaction?
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anaphylactoid is not immune-mediated
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T or F: anaphylactoid reaction can occur following initial exposure.
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true
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What are the 4 poisonous snakes seen in the US? Which one is the elapid?
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rattlesnake, copperhead, cottonmouth, coral snake; coral snake
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Most poisonous snake bites occur from which snake?
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Eastern and Western rattlesnake
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Which bite produces massive tissue and muscle destruction, elapid or pit viper?
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pit viper
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What are the hemologic effects of pit viper venom?
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promotes vascular leaking, systemic bleeding, formaion of week fibrin clot
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How much antivenin is given in cases of moderate envenomation? Severe?
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6-10 vials; >25 vials
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What is the antivenin that is made from eastern, western, and mojave rattlers, as well as cottonmouth snakes?
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CroFAb
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What are the effects of an untreated coral snake bite after 12 hours?
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neurological problems
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Which lesion has a regular mosaic pattern, corns or warts?
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warts
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Which tends to be larger and is not well demarcated, corns or calluses?
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calluses
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What is the most common skin infection?
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warts
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What are "wart seeds" actually?
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thrombosed capillaries
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What is the most important treatment in calluses and corns?
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correct underlying cause
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Where would you normally find hard corns? Soft?
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tops of toes; between toes
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What is a group of warts that have grown together called?
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mosaic plantar warts
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What organisms are most commonly seen in paronychia?
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s. aureus, strep, and pseudomonas
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Differential diagnosis for subungual hematoma?
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subungual melanoma, subungual nevus, kaposi's sarcoma
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What organism accounts for 70% of all onychomycosis?
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trichophyton rubrum
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What are 2 possible treatments for onychomycosis?
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1. itraconazole 200mg/day for 3 months
2. terbinafine 250mg/day for 3 months |
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What is the timeframe for acute vs. chronic urticaria?
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acute: 1 day-6 weeks
chronic: > 6 weeks |
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What is angioedema?
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swelling of the skin that occurs deeper than urticaria
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