Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Most common inflammatory skin disorder. Marked by intercellular edema, epidermal breakdown, three stages (acute, subacute, chronic), scratching causing crust.
|
Eczematous Dermatitis
|
|
|
Three forms of Eczema
|
Irritant contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis |
|
|
Three phases of Eczema.
|
Acute = erythematous, pruritic, weeping vesicles
Subacute = erythema and scaling Chronic = thick, lichenified, pruritic plaques |
|
|
Atopic dermatitis
|
During childhood, lesions involve flexures, the nape and dorsal aspects of the limbs.
Adolescence and adulthood = lichenified plaques affect the flexures, head and neck |
|
|
Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis. Follucular based pustules. Can result in scarring and permanent hair loss.
|
Folliculitis
|
|
|
Risk factors for folliculitis:
|
Frequent shaving, immunosuppression, dermatoses, long-term antibiotic use, occlusive clothing or dressings, hot/humid temps, diabetes mellitus, obesity, EGRF inhibitor meds
|
|
|
A deep seating infection of the pilosebaceous unit, that starts as a small perifollicular abscess that spreads to the surrounding dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
|
Furuncle (boil)
|
|
|
What is the most common organism that causes furuncles?
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Diffuse, acute, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or S. aureus.
|
Cellulitis
|
|
|
Group of noncandidal fungal infections that involve the stratum corneum, nails or hair.
|
Tinea (dermatophytosis)
|
|
|
Tinea is caused by?
|
Infection by dermatophytes, acquired by direct contact with infected humans or animals. Invade the skin and survive on dead keratin.
|
|
|
Where does tinea corporis occur?
|
On nonhairy parts of the body.
|
|
|
Where does tiniea cruris occur?
|
On the groin and inner thigh
|
|
|
Where does tinea unguium occur?
|
On the nails.
|
|
|
How can you test for tinea hyphae?
|
Skin scraping treated with KOH solution.
|
|
|
What is a self-limiting inflammation of an unknown cause?
|
Pityriasis rosea
|
|
|
What condition has a "herald" or mother patch followed by an eruption 1-3 weeks later?
|
Pityriasis rosea
|
|
|
What is a chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis, often a genetic component/immune regulation disorder?
|
Psoriasis
|
|
|
Characterized by well-circumscribed, dry, silvery, scaling papules and plaques.
|
Psoriasis
|
|
|
What is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that lasts for years, with episodes of activity that are not itchy, but painful?
|
Rosacea
|
|
|
In what disorder can tissue hypertrophy of the nose (rhinophyma) occur?
|
Rosacea
|
|
|
What is caused by the varicella-zoster infection?
|
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
|
|
|
What is characterized by a single dermatome consisting of red swollen plaques or vesicles that become filled with purulent fluid?
|
Shingles
|
|
|
What is characterized by a group of vesicles with an erythematous base and then erode forming a crust lasting 2-6 weeks?
|
Herpes simplex
|
|
|
Characterized by discrete or confluent erythematous macules and papules, caused by a reaction
|
Drug eruptions
|
|
|
A nonspecific reaction pattern associate with obesity, certain endocrine syndromes, or malignancies or as an inherited disorder.
|
Acanthosis nigricans (AN)
|
|
|
What is characterized by symmetric, brown thickening of the skin with plaques or patches of thickened skin with a velvety or slightly verrucous texture?
|
Acanothosis nigricans (AN)
|
|
|
What forms of acanothosis are there?
|
Hyperinsulinism
Inherited form (dominant) Malignant form |
|
|
Where is the most common site for acanthosis nigricans?
|
Armpit, other flexural areas
|
|
|
What is the incubation period for anthrax?
|
up to 12 days following deposition of organism into skin
|
|
|
What is characterized by a pruitic macule or papule that enlarges to a round ulcer in 2 days and is necrotic in the middle.
|
Anthrax
|
|
|
What is spread through saliva droplets?
|
Smallpox (variola virus)
|
|
|
What is the incubation period for smallpox?
|
12 days (7-17 days)
|
|
|
What does smallpox start as?
|
Red, flat lesions around mouth and pharynx, face and forearms. High fever, fatigue, headache, and backache.
|
|
|
What is the most common form of skin cancer?
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
What is the second most common form of skin cancer?
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Where does a squamous cell carcinoma arise?
|
In the epithelium = can become an open sore with crusting
|
|
|
What is the most lethal form of skin cancer and where does it arise from?
|
Malignant melanoma, melanocytes
|
|
|
What are the ABCs of melanomas?
|
A = Asymmetry
B = boarders C = Color D = Diameter E = Evolution |
|
|
What is a neoplasm of the endothelium and epithelial layer of the skin?
|
Kaposi's Sarcoma (herpe's virus 8)
|
|
|
What is Kaposki's commonly associated with?
|
HIV infection
|
|
|
Lesions are usually soft, vascular, bluish-purple, and painless
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
|
Sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from the scalp or face, also associated with nail pitting
|
Alopecia Areata
|
|
|
What are two types of alopecia?
|
Scarring = destruction
Traction = prolongued tension on hair causes hair loss |
|
|
Growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic areas?
|
Hirsutism
|
|
|
What is hirsutism caused by?
|
High androgen levels, genetic, physiologic, drugs, systemic disorders
|
|
|
Inflammation of the paronychium?
|
Invasion of the bacteria between the nail fold and the nail plate = paronychia
|
|
|
Fungal infection of the nail, causing it to crumble
|
Onychomycosis
|
|
|
Caused by lateral pressure of poorly fitting shoes, improper or excessive trimming of the lateral nail plate or trauma
|
Ingrown nails - nail pierces the lateral nail fold and grows into the dermis
|
|
|
Trauma to the nail plate severe enough to cause immediate bleeding and pain, often causes seperation of the nail plate.
|
Subungual hematoma
|
|
|
What is leukonychia punctata?
|
White spots on the nail plate caused by minor injury or manipulation of the cuticle
|
|
|
What is median nail dystrophy?
|
Nail deformity as a result of nail picking or biting habit = horizontal sharp grooving ina band that extends to the tip of the nail
|
|
|
Loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed that begins at the distal groove?
|
Onycholysis = caused by minor trauma, long fingernails, candida or pseudomonals infections, meds, allergies, hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
How does psoriasis affect the nails?
|
Pitting, onycholysis, discoloration, and sublingual thickening, yellow scaly debris elevate the nail plate, splinter hemorrhages
|
|
|
What are digital mucous cysts?
|
Cystlike structures contain a clear jelly-like substance
|
|
|
What are two types of digital mucous cysts?
|
Proximal nail fold not connected to joint space = localized fibroblast proliferation.
Cysts located on teh dorsal-lateral finger at the distal interphalangeal joint = herniation of tendon sheaths or joint lining. |
|
|
What are warts?
|
Epidermal neoplasms caused by viral infection.
|
|
|
A benign dermatosis that usually arises late in the third trimester of a first pregnancy.
|
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
|
|
|
Where does PUPPP begin? When?
|
Abodomen, spreads to thighs buttocks and armsm periumbilical area is spared. Shortly after delivery.
|
|
|
What is a rare autoimmune disorder of pregnancy marked by urticarial patches and periumbilica plaques?
|
Herpes Gestationis (Pemphigoid gestationis)
|
|
|
What is the difference between PUPPP and herpes gestationitis?
|
PUPPP = no lesions on face, palms or soles. Herpes = lesions on palms and soles.
|
|
|
Can infants be born with a herpes rash?
|
Yes, but usually clears within a few weeks without treatment.
|
|
|
What is chronic, recurrent, erythematous scaling eruption localized in areas where sebaceous glands are concentrated (scalp, back, inertringinous and diaper areas)?
|
Seborrheic dermatitis
|
|
|
What factors are associated with seborrheic dermatitis?
|
Hormone levels, fungal infections, nutritional deficits, neurogenic factors, infants (first 3 months of life).
|
|
|
What is a yellow crusted rash on the scalp of an infant called?
|
Cradle cap
|
|
|
What is Miliaria Rubra?
|
"Prickly heat" caused by sweat retention from occlusion of sweat ducts during periods of heat and high humidity. Overstressed babies get this.
|
|
|
What is a common, contagious superficial skin infection caused by staph?
|
Impetigo
|
|
|
What does impetigo begin as?
|
Small erythematous macule that changes into a vesicle or bulla with a thin roof, have a honey color, regional lymphadenopathy.
|
|
|
What is caused by androgens stimulating pilosebaceous units at the time of puberty to secrete large amounts of sebum?
|
Acne Vulgaris
|
|
|
What is characterized by open blackheads and closed whiteheads "comedones", inflammatory papules, neutrophils causing an inflammatory response, and "ice pick" scarring?
|
Acne Vulgaris
|
|
|
An acute highly communicable disease common in children and young adults?
|
Chickenpox (Varicella)
|
|
|
How is chickenpox spread?
|
Droplet transmission, airborne. Incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks, 1-2 days contagious and then onset of rash.
|
|
|
What is characterized by maculopapular and vesicular lesions on trunk, extremities, face, buccal mucosa, palate or conjunctiva, accompanied by headache, sore throat, mild malaise?
|
Chickenpox
|
|
|
How does measles virus infect a person?
|
Through the respiratory epithelium, primary viremia where the virus spreads in leukocytes to teh reticuloendothelial system, thymus, spleen, lymphnodes, liver, skin, conjunctiva, and lung.
|
|
|
What is the incubation period for measles?
|
18 days, contagious a few days before fever and 4 days after rash.
|
|
|
What characterizes measles?
|
Prodromal fever, conjuncivitis, coryza and bronchitis, blotchy rash (Koplik spots), macular rash.
|
|
|
How long does a measles rash last?
|
4-7 days
|
|
|
What is the incubation period of german measles (rubella)
|
14-23 days. Infectious while rash is erupting, can shed virus from throat from 10-15 days after the onset of the rash.
|
|
|
What is characterized by a light pink to red maculopapular rash, and appears on the soft palate (Forschheimer spots)?
|
German measles
|
|
|
What is loss of scalp hair from pulling called?
|
Trichotillomania.
|
|
|
What are 4 patterns of physical abuse?
|
Bruises, lacerations, burns, hair loss.
|
|
|
Where does stasis dermatitis occur?
|
Lower legs = venous insufficiency.
|
|
|
What are the causes of stasis dermatitis?
|
Venous insufficiency, incompetent valves, inflammatory responses, genetic or environmental factors, allergic response to an epidermal protein antigen
|
|
|
What is characterized by increases in pigmentation and redness, itchyness, scaling weeping patches and ulcers on lower extremities?
|
Stasis dermatitis
|
|
|
Squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis, occurs secondary to chronic sun damage.
|
Solar keratosis (Actinic keratosis)
|
