Skin

Front 1

what are the 5 important functions of the skin

Back 1

protection, excretion, temp regulation, sensory perception, synthesis of vitamin d

Front 2

how does the skin protect

Back 2

provides a physical barrier inbetween the inner tissues and the outer environment

Front 3

explain the skins excretion

Back 3

producing perspiration by sweat removes small amounts of organic wastes salts and water

Front 4

explain temperature regulation and skin

Back 4

during periods of excessive heat production, the secretion of sweat and its evaporation lowers body temperature. during heat loss, blood vessels near the body surface constrict to reduce heat loss. this interties with negative feedback and homeostasis

Front 5

explain sensory perception and the skin

Back 5

skin has nerve endings that detect stimuli

Front 6

explain vitamin d and skin

Back 6

exposure to uv rays converts molecules into vitamin d

Front 7

what are the 2 major layers of the skin

Back 7

dermis, and epidermis

Front 8

what is the epidermis

Back 8

the thinner outer layer of the skin

Front 9

what is the epidermis composed of

Back 9

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 10

what is the dermis

Back 10

inner thicker layer

Front 11

what is the dermis composed of

Back 11

fibrous connective tissue

Front 12

what is beneath the dermis

Back 12

the hypodermis

Front 13

what is the hypodermis

Back 13

it attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs.

Front 14

what can the hypodermis also be called

Back 14

subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia.

Front 15

what is the epidermis composed of

Back 15

stratified squamous epithelium. lacks blood vessels so it has to get its nutrients from underlying dermis.

Front 16

what is the epidermis's function

Back 16

protection against abrasion, water loss, and bacterial infections. also uv rays.

Front 17

what is the innermost layer of cells inbetween the dermis and epidermus called

Back 17

stratum basale

Front 18

how does the stratum basale work

Back 18

continuously produces new cells by mitotic cell division and older cells are pushed to the top as new cells form underneath.

Front 19

explain how the epidermis repairs itself

Back 19

as old cells get pushed to the surface, they are deprived of nutrients and die. new cells are formed unerneath. this constant division of cells in the stratum basale enables the epidermis to maintian a protective barrier and to repair itself.

Front 20

what is keratin

Back 20

waterproofing protein that is resistant to abrasion.

Front 21

what is stratum corneum

Back 21

layers of dead, flat keratinized cells

Front 22

what 4 does the dermis contain

Back 22

fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and sensory receptors

Front 23

what 3 things does the dermis do other than provide nutrients to the epidermis!!!

Back 23

it provides nutrients to the epidermis, has sensory receptors to feel cold, pain, ect.. it provides strength and elasticity for the skin

Front 24

what 2 fibers are located in the dermis

Back 24

collagen fibers and elastic fibers

Front 25

what do collagen fibers do for the dermis

Back 25

provides strength and toughness

Front 26

what do elastic fibers in the dermis do

Back 26

they provide elasticity and flexability

Front 27

where is the dermal papillae

Back 27

where the dermis and epidermis join

Front 28

what does the dermal pappillae consist of

Back 28

conelike projections of the dermis that fit into recesses in the epidermis. also has many touch receptors and many blood vessels

Front 29

*the epidremal ridges that produce fingerprints and toes result from the pattern of dermal papillae.

Back 29

*the epidermal ridges and grooves that produce fingerprints and toes result from the pattern of the dermal papillae

Front 30

what does the hypodermis consist of

Back 30

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

Front 31

where do white blood cells attack pathogens that have penetrated the skin

Back 31

hypodermis

Front 32

hypodermis is where what happens

Back 32

white blood cells attack pathogens that have penetrate the skin.

Front 33

what tissue in the hypodermis does what

Back 33

the subcutaneous adipose tissue serves as a heat insulator and storage site for fat.

Front 34

what supplies the dermis

Back 34

the blood vessels and nerves within the hypodermis give of branches that supply the dermis

Front 35

the color of skin derives from what 3 pigments

Back 35

melanin, carotene, and hemogloben

Front 36

what is hemoglobin

Back 36

the red pigment in red blood cells that gives them the color

Front 37

what is carotene

Back 37

is a yellowish pigment found in the stratum corneum and dermis

Front 38

what is melanin

Back 38

brown black pigment formed by melanocytes

Front 39

what are melanocytes

Back 39

specialized cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis

Front 40

the amount of melanin a skin produces is

Back 40

inherited

Front 41

skin color is 3 different things

Back 41

inherited, a homeostatic mechanism, responds to changes in the environment

Front 42

the ----- production of melanin the -------- the skin color

Back 42

greater, darker

Front 43

what does melanin do

Back 43

protects the skin from uv rays

Front 44

what are clumps of melanocytes

Back 44

freckles

Front 45

exposure to uv rays ----- melanin production to produce tanned appearance

Back 45

increases

Front 46

increased melanin production is a -------

Back 46

protective, homeostatic mechanism

Front 47

what develops from the epidermis

Back 47

skin, hair nails and glands

Front 48

what is hair color from

Back 48

melanin

Front 49

what does hair do

Back 49

protects scalp from excessive heat loss/gain , regulates temp... protects from mechanical injury. eyelashes protect from sun and dust, nose hairs protects from dust and mites

Front 50

what is hair formed of

Back 50

keratinized cells

Front 51

what are nail

Back 51

keratinized epidermal cells

Front 52

what is a lunula

Back 52

the whitish crescent thing at the base of a nail

Front 53

what do nails do

Back 53

protects

Front 54

what are the 3 types of exocrine glands

Back 54

sebaceous (oil) sudoriferous (sweat) and ceruminous (wax)

Front 55

what are sebaceous glands

Back 55

oil producing glands that empty secretions into hair.

Front 56

what is sebum

Back 56

oily secretion that comes from sebaceous glands.

Front 57

what are sudoriferous glands

Back 57

sweat glands

Front 58

what are the 2 types of sweat glands

Back 58

apocrine and eccrine

Front 59

what are apocrine glands

Back 59

have a duct that empties into a hair follicle. occurs during puberty, in the axillery and genetals

Front 60

eccrine glands what are they

Back 60

occur all over the body and produce clear watery persperation.

Front 61

the _____ controls the regulation of the bodytemp, the ____ plays a key role in conserving or dissipating heat

Back 61

brain, skin