Skin: 5. Dugan : Streptococci And Gram-Negative Nonfermenters

Front 1

Are strep falcutative?

Back 1

no, they are areotolerant

they metabolize by fermentation

Front 2

staph are what type of bacteria

Back 2

gram positive cocci

Front 3

S. pyogenes

Hemolysis type?

Back 3

Beta

Front 4

strep neumonae uses what type of hemolysis?

Back 4

alpha hemolysis

Front 5

beta hemolysis

Back 5

clearing

is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened and transparent

Front 6

gamma hemolysis

Back 6

no hemolysis

Front 7

alpha-hemolysis

Back 7

is present the agar under the colonies is dark and greenish

aka you will see greening

Front 8

S. pyogenes

Lancefield group?

Back 8

A

Front 9

S. agalactiae

hemolysis type?

Back 9

Beta

Front 10

Entercoccis faecalis

hemolysis type?

Back 10

gamma

Front 11

S. agalactiae


Lancefield Grp?

Back 11

B

Front 12

S. pneumoniae

hemolysis type

Back 12

Alpha

Front 13

Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) have a capsule made of ?

Back 13

hyaluronic acid

adds to virulence

Front 14

What are M proteins?

Back 14

structural virulence factors for Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)

Anti phagocytotic

Front 15

what is Streptodornase

Back 15

Soluble virulence factor released by strep, breaks down DNA

Front 16

GO OVER SLIDE 9

Back 16

may want to listen to this again

Front 17

as far as the pathogenesis of strep is concerned, what is the way it is encountered?

Back 17

acquired through another infected individual or a carrier

Front 18

as far as the pathogenesis of strep is concerned, what is the way it is spread

Back 18

Grp A strep highly adapted to resist phagocytosis and spread through tissues

Front 19

as far as the pathogenesis of strep is concerned, what is the way it causes damage?

Back 19

ellicits a strong inflammory response

Causes release of chemotaxins for white blood cells
Activate complement by the alternate pathway
Resists phagocytosis and kills many of the invading cells.

Front 20

lysis of WBCs by strep does what?

Back 20

Lysis of WBC’s → release of lysosomal enzymes → damage to surrounding tissue

Front 21

what is the main cause of impetigo?

Back 21

group A strep (note that most have both strep and staph)

Front 22

Scarlet fever is caused by what?

Back 22

Strep. pyogenes

Front 23

invasive infections of wounds are associated with what?

Back 23

Strep. pyogenes

Front 24

Erysipelas is what?

Back 24

infection of layers between skin seen in Strep. pyogenes

Front 25

Rheumatic fever is caused by what

Back 25

group A strep

Strep. pyogenes

URI initiated

Front 26

if someone has pharyngitis what lab test are you going to do? 2

Back 26

Throat cultures
Direct antigen test

Front 27

for invasive infections, what lab test will you do?

Back 27

Gram stain and culture

Front 28

if someone has suspected bacteremia, what should you do?

Back 28

blood culture

Front 29

what is a streptozyme test?

Back 29

a screening test for strep pyogenes

Front 30

Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is what?

Back 30

lab test that puts antibodies for S. pyogenes in a titer

Front 31

what is scarlet fever ?

Back 31

Erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenic Grp A streptococci causes rash

Front 32

a patient comes to you with a rash on their tongue. when they stick it out, their tongue appears to look like a strawberry. what does this person have? caused by what?

Back 32

scarlet fever

Erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenic Grp A streptococci causes rash

Front 33

what is the major treatment for group A strep?

Back 33

penicillin

Front 34

if a patient had rheumatic fever, what would you give them?

Back 34

long acting penicillin G

or


oral penicillin for 10 days

Front 35

Group B strep affects who?

Back 35

infants

Front 36

Group D strep or Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis are seen with what?

Back 36

UTI

wounds

sepsis

Front 37

Alpha strep is seen in what type of patients

Back 37

dental care patients

Front 38

Group B strep causes?

Back 38

Septicemia, meningitis, and pneumonia

Front 39

Streptococcus pneumoniae
causes what 3 things

Back 39

Pneumonia

Otitis media

Sinusitis

Front 40

patient comes in with one finger being markedly red and you suspect cellulitis. what would be the most likely etiologic agent?

Back 40

group A strep

Front 41

if a patient with a group A strep caused infection from a wound was left untreated, what could potentially develop?

Back 41

glomerular nephritis

Front 42

Pseudomonas aeruginosa....General characteristics? (type of bacteria/metabolism, structural components, distinguishing clinical factor)

Back 42

Gram negative nonfermenter

motile with polar flagella

colonies produce a fruity odor

Front 43

what are some of the virulence factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa? 5

Back 43

Pili
Polysaccharide capsule
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
Many extracellular enzymes
Exotoxin A

Front 44

What is Exotoxin A? what releases it?

Back 44

Causes ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 → inhibits protein synthesis

released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative)

Front 45

what causes ecthyma gangrenosum?

Back 45

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 46

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is normally acquired from what type of environment?

Back 46

water

Front 47

a patient has cystic fibrosis pneumonia and gets an infection, what is it likely due to?

Back 47

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 48

A patient comes to your office complaining of an ear ache. He states that because it is summer he has been spending a great deal of time in the pool. You can likely diagnose _____ due to ______

Back 48

otitis externa (swimmers ear) due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 49

The guys from time machine hot tub all come to your office complaining of a weird rash that has appeared on their butts. Putting aside all their freaky exploits, what do you start thinking based on the amount of time they spent in the hot tub

Back 49

folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 50

a patient was recently burned in a grease fire and now has a skin infection. what is this likely due to?

Back 50

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 51

what are some of the prevention/treatment methods for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Back 51

Clean rooms and sterilize hospital equipment; replace plastic tubing where possible

Minimize unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis

Aminoglycoside + piperacillin or ticarcillin by IV

Front 52

patient presents with a swollen and inflamed pinna of the ear. She has green-colored pus with a fruit like odor. She reports having had her ear pierced 2 days prior. What is the likely etiologic agent?

Back 52

Pseudomonas aeruginosa or staph aureus

Front 53

a patient comes in with symptoms that are similar to pseudomonas but the oxidase test is negative. what is likely the cause?

Back 53

Acinetobacter (either anitratus or baumanii)

Front 54

you are working in Iraq with wounded soldiers. A patient presents to you with an infection that appears to be multiple drug resistant. What are you thinking is the problem?

Back 54

Acinetobacter aumanii