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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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structural cell of the epidermis
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Keratinocytes
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Another name for hypodermis
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Subcutaneous
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responsible for innate immunity;found in the skin
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Langerhan cells
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three main techniques of skin assessment
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-Visual inspection
-palpation of skin lesions -patient interview and history |
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three main goals of skin assessment
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-identify the type of lession
-determine the possible cause - to refer patients to physicans when appropriate |
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five causes of pathologic conditions
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-Inflammatory
-Infectious -Infestations -Cutaneous drug reactions -Skin cancer |
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categories of skin lesions
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Primary:arise from normal skin
eg.macules,papules,plaques,nodules,wheals, Secondary:results from changes in primary lessions eg.crust ,scale ,fissure,erosion,ulcer |
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Macule
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flat lession,with a different color from the surrounding tissue
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----------is a solid elevated lession less than 0.5 cm in diameter .............while is a flat elevated lession larger than 1cm.
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Papule;Plaque
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is a lession greater than .5 cm both in width and depth
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nodules
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a primary skin lesion also known as hives or urticaria
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Wheals
-almost always causes pruritis |
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-- is a blister less than .5 cm filled with a clear liquid while --- is a blister greater than .5 cm filed with clear liquid
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Vessicle;Bulla
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pustule
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a vessicle filled with purulent fluid
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insect bite is an example for ---- ,a type of primary skin lession while acne is an example for --------a type of primary skin lession
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bulla;pustule
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True or False.Exudate from a lesion that has dried on the skin is an example of a primary lession.
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False.A crust ( scab) is a secondary skin lession
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typically appear as dry and white in color
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scale
e.g psoriasis |
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Fissure
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a thin tear of the epidermis that may extend to the dermis
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An erosion is limited to the epidermis.True or False
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True.
-is a secondary lesion |
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True or false.Shingles is very common among children than in adults.
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False.Primarily affects the elderly and the immune compromised patients.
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a severe ,ulcerative impetigo
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Ecthyma
- impetigo is a cutaneous bacterial infection of the skin |
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dermatophytosis
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-fungal that lives on dead keratinized cells of the epidermis
-also called tinea |
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candidiasis
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a fungal skin infection due to the yeast candida albicans
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pediculosis
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a losue born infestation
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a commonly obseved skin eruption associated with drug allergies
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Exanthematous;also refered as maculopapular
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a most severe cutaneous drug reaction
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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most common skin cancer
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Basal cell carcinoma (affects the lowest layer of the epidermis)
-risk attributed to fair skin and excessive exposure to UV |
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squamous cell carcinoma
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tumor arising from outer epidermal layer
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malignant tumor of the melanocytes
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melanoma
-less easily cured than BCC or SCC -More likely to metastasize than BCC or SCC |
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An important aspect of physical assessment of Melanoma
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ABCDE (accronym)
-A:Assymetry B: Border is irregular C:color is changed or molted (several type) D:Diameter >6 cm E: Enlargement over time -If a patient shows any one of these signs ,refer patient to dermatologist as soon as possible |
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arrector pili muscle is found in ---
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Hair
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two functions of hair
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protection and thermoregulation
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infected hair follicle
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folliculitis
-eg.furnucle caused by MRSA -patient should be referred immediately |
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loss of hair
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Alopecia
- Alopecia Areata (localized) -Alopecia Totalis( entire scalp and eyebrows) -Alopecia Universalis( entire body) |
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male patterns of hair appearing on women
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Hirsutism
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structures of nail
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-Nail plate
-Nail bed -cuticle -hyponychium |
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fungal infection of the nail
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Onychomycosis
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PEARRL
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Pupils equal and round, reactive to light
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conjunctiva
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thin ,transparent covering of the outer surface of the eye and the lining of the eyelids
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visualize the auditory canal and the tympanic memebrane (ear drum)
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Otoscopy
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acute or chronic sinus infection
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Sinusits
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