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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some examples of an infectious agent
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Bacteria
Fungus Etc. |
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Where do infectious agents manifest:
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Reservoirs
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What are some modes of transmission of infectious agents:
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Hands (hand hygiene)
Sneeze (airborne) |
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Term used for how infectious agents get in:
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Portal of Entry
(eye) |
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How can a host be susceptible for infectious agents:
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Compromised Immune System
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Methods to Reduce Transmission of Pathogens:
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***Hand Hygiene
PPE Medical and Surgical Asepsis Standard Precautions Transmission Based Precautions Utilizing Nursing Process |
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Who do you use Standards of Precautions with:
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Every Pt.
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What is transmission based precautions:
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Spread of certain disease processes
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How does utilizing the nursing process reduce transmission:
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Reduces transmission of pathogens
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What is medical asepsis:
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Clean technique
Reduces pathogens, does not eliminate |
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What is surgical asepsis:
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Sterile Technique
Keeps objects/areas free if microorganisms (Operating Room, IV) |
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What are examples for using the standard of precautions:
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Any secretions (gloves)
(blood; body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes) |
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What is transmission based precautions and examples(4):
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Specific Infection
1. Airborne Precautions 2. Droplet Precautions 3. Contact Precautions 4. Neutropenic Precaution |
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What would you use as protection in an Airborne Precaution:
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N-95 Mask (tightly woven)
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What kind of room would you keep a pt for Airborne Precautions:
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Negative Air Pressure Room
(keeps germs in room) |
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What are some examples of Airborne Precautions:
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TB
Varicella Rubeola |
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How are Airborne Precautions spread:
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Through the air
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What is the distance used for Droplet Precautions:
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3-5 Feet
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How are Droplet Precautions Spread:
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Fall on surfaces
Spread through large particle droplets |
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What kind of PPE would you use:
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Gown
Mask Gloves |
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What are some Examples of Droplet Precautions:(4)
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(pathogen in lungs)
Rubella Mumps Diphtheria Adenovirus |
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How are Contact Precautions transmitted:
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Microorganisms spread by direct and indirect contact
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What are examples of Indirect Contact through Contact Precautions:
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Not directly through the infected pt.
Picked up from touching a table or side rail |
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What are some examples of Contact Precautions:(4)
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MRSA
VRE VISA VRSA |
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What is Neutropenic Precaution:
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Protecting the pt from us:
(cannot have fresh flowers, fruit or vegetables) |
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When are Neutropenic Precautions used:
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When Immune System is compromised.
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What kind of feelings will the client feel when they are under a Transmission Based Precaution:(4)
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Isolation
Lonely Rejected Unclean |
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How can a nurse reduce the feelings a client faces under Transmission Based Precautions:
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Education
Spending Additional Time with Pt. Avoid Facial expressions/disgust |
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What would you utilize in breaking the chain of infection:
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Nursing Process
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How would Assessment breaking the chain of infection:
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1. Up to date Immunization Status
2. Info on previous infections 3. Signs and Symptoms |
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What are some signs and symptoms of an infection: (10)
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1. Inc WBC
2. Inc. Redness 3. Bradycardia 4. Tachycardia 5. Pain 6. Fever 7.Loss of Function 8. Lethargic 9. Poor Appetite 10. Enlarged Lymphnodes |
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How will WBC wound show an infection?
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>11k
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How will Sed Rate (blood value) show an infection:
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Inflammation Somewhere in the body
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How will C-Relative Protein show an infection:
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Show Inflammation somewhere in the body
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How would you write a nursing diagnosis related to infections:
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Risk for infection r/t....
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How would you write a planning/identification for an infection:
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The client will minimize signs and symptoms by performing hand hygiene
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Why is PPE while treating infections:
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to break the chain of infections
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what is a nonsocomial infection?
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Infection you get from the hospital
(originated in hospital) |
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What are some Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms:
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MRSA
VRE VISA |
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What is an example of MRSA:
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Staph Aureus
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What is an example of VRE:
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Enterococci ( a species of strep)
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How does the skin offer protection:
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Skin is first line of defense, protecting the underlying structures from invasion by organisms
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How do mucous membranes offer protection:
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Mucous membranes have receptors that offer the body protection
Ex. An irritating substance in the upper respiratory tract causes a person to sneeze |
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What is normal flora:
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Microorganisms that are part of the body's natural defense system
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Term used for a localized response of the body to injury or infection; protective mechanism that eliminates invading pathogens and allows for tissue repair to occur:
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Inflammatory Response
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Term used for a wound that are purposefully created for therapeutic purposes:
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Intentional Wound
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Term used for wounds that happen from unexpected trauma:
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Unintentional Wound
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Term used for a wound when the skin surface is broken:
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Open Wound
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a term used for a type of wound that is caused by a fall or trauma
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Closed Wound
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Term used for a type of wound that will usually heal within a couple of weeks:
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Acute Wound
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A term used for a type of wound where the healing process is impeded
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Chronic Wound
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How does your body respond to an infection/wound:
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Inc in WBC and Fever
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The Stages of Wound Healing(4)
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Hemostasis
Inflammation Proliferation Maturation |
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First stage in wound healing that happens immedialty after injury:
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Hemostasis
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What happens in Hemostasis?
(3) |
1. Blood vessels constrict/ clotting begins
2. Blood vessels dilate/capillary permeability increase allowing plasma/blood to leak into injured area. 3. Plasma and Blood form exudate (causes heat and pain) |
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How long does inflammatory phase last during Wound:
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4-6 Days
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What happens during inflammatory phase:
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Leukocytes and macrophages move into affected area and promote growth of epithelial and blood vessel.
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How long does proliferation phase last for:during a wound
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Several weeks
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What happens during proliferation phase:
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Fibroblast regeneration
Granulation Formation |
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When does maturation phase begin:
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3 weeks after injury
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What happens during maturation phase:
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Collage is remodeled
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What are local factors that affect wound healing? (7)
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Desiccation
Maceration Necrosis Pressure Trauma Edema Infection |
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How does dessication effect wound healing?
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Cells dry up and die, crust over the wound and delay healing
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How does Maceration effect wound healing?
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Urine/Feces lead to impaired skin integrity.
Change pH Overgrow Bacteria |
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How does Necrosis effect wound healing?
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Wound healing doesn't occur with necrotic tissue in the wound
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How does pressure effect wound healing?
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Disrupts blood supply to the wound area
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How does trauma effect wound healing?
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Repeated trauma results in inability to heal
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How does edema effect wound healing?
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interferes with blood supply to that area.
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How does Infection effect wound healing?
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Bacteria in wound causes the body to use a lot of energy to deal with invaders and less energy on wound healing.
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Systematic Factors Affecting Wound Healing:(6)
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Age
Circulation Oxygenation Nutritional Status Wound Condition Medications |
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How does age affect wound healing?
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1. Elderly usually have more than 1 chronic illness
2. Age increases impaired skin integrity |
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How does circulation affect wound healing?
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Blood flow to deliver nutrients and to remove toxins and bacteria
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How does oxygenation affect wound healing?
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Oxygenation is decreased in people with anemia or chronic respiratory disorders and smokers
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how does nutritional status affect wound healing?
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Healing requires adequate proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins.
Calories/Proteins - rebuild Vit A + C - Epithelialialization/Collagen Zinc - Proliferation Fluids |
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How does wound condition affect wound healing?
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Affects quickness of healing
wounds with foreign bodies (sutures) heal slower |
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How do medications affect wound healing?
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Suppress immune system delaying healing.
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What are some wound complications:
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Infection
Hemorrhage Dehiscence Evisceration Fistula |
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What are signs and symptoms an indicator of:
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Infection
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Term used for profuse bleeding
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Hemorrhage
(change the dressing) |
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Term used for when a surgical incision is open:
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Dehiscence
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Term used for protrusion of viscera through an incision
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Evisceration
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What is the term for an abnormal passage way if an internal organ to the outside of the body:
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Fistula
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What are some Psychological Effects of Wounds:(4)
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Pain
Anxiety Fear Changes in Body Image |
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What do you do after removing the dressing:
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Note was is on the dressing
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What do you clean a wound with and how?
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Saline/Batadine
Least to most contaminated |
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What are 2 types of wound drains mentioned in lecture:
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Jackson Prat Drain (vacuum)
Hemovacc (vacuum) |
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What collects wound drainage:
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Wound Pouch
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How do you remove staples and sutures:
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Every other one to prevent reopening
Cut under knot |
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Commonly Used Dressing Materials
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NS
Gauze Q-Tip Transparent Film Hydrocolloid Hydrogel Alginate Foams Silver Dressing Collagens (skin graft absorbtion) Adhesives Skin Protectants |
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What type of wound is dry dressing used on:
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Closed Wound
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What type wound is wet dressing used on:
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Open Wound
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Why is heat therapy used on wounds:
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Dilation inc. nutrients getting in
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Why is cold therapy used on wounds:
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Constriction to reduce pain
(do not use on surgical incision) |
