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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial Skeleton
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Bones that lie around the body's center of gravity
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Bones of limbs or appendages
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Compact Bone
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looks smootha nd homgenouS
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Spongy or Cancelous Bone
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composed of small trabeculae and contains lots of open spaces
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Long Bones
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Longer than they are wide, consist of a shaft with heads at either end. composed mostly of compact bone.
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Short Bones
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Cube shaped, contain more spongy bone.
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Flat Bones
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Generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone.
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Sasamoid Bones
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short bones formed in tendons
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Sutura or Wormain Bones
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Tiny bones between cranial bones
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Tuberosity
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Large, rounded projection
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Crest
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Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
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Trochanter
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Very large, blunt, irregularly shoped process(only on Femur)
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Line
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Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
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Tubercle
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Small rounded projection or process
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Epicondyle
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Raised area on or about a condyle
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Spine
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Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
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Process
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Prominence or projection
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Head
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Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
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Facet
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Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
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Condyle
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Rounded articular projection
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Ramus
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Armlike bar of bone
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Sinus
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Space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
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Meatus
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Canal-like passageway
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Fossa
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Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
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Groove
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Furrow
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Fissure
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Narrow, slitlike opening
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Foramen
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Round or oval opening trough a bone
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Perforating or Sharpey's Fibers
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Fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into bone
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Epiphysis
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has thin layer of compacet bone that encloses spongy bone,.
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Articular Cartilage
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covers epiphyseal surface, composed of hyaline cartilage, provides smooth surface to prevent friction at joint surfaces.
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Ephiphyseal Plate
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thin area of hyaline cartilidge that provides for longitiudinal growth during youth
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Medullary Cavity
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central caity of shaft, contains bone marrow
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Yellow Marrow
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Stores adipose tissue
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Red Marrow
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Forms blood cells
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Central or Haversian Canal
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runs parallel to lateral axis, carris blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels through bony matrix.
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Osteyocytes
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Mature bone cells
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Lacunae
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Chambers surrondin osteocytes
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Circumferential Lamellae
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arranged concentric cirles of lacunae around the central canal
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Intersitial Lamelle
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remnanats of circumferential lamellae tht have been broken down.
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Osteon
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Central Caal and all concentric lamellae surronding it.
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Canaliculi
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canals radiating outward from central canal to the lacunae form transportation network through bone matrix
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Perforating or Volkmann's Canals
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canals run through compact bon and marrow cavity from periosteum, perpendicularly to the shaft
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Costal Cartilages
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connects ribs to strenum
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Laryngeal Caritlage
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largely constructs the larynx
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Tracheal and Bronchial Cartilage
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reinforce passageways of the respiratory system
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Nasal Cartilage
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supports exernal nose
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Intervertebral discs
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separate and cushion vertebrae
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Perichondrium
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Dense connective tissue that surronds cartilage
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Cranial Vault or Calvaria
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forms superior, lateral, and posterior walls of skull.
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Cranial Floor or base
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Forms skull bottom
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Frontal Bone
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Anterior portion of cranium, forms forehead and superior part of orbit
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Supraorbital Foramen(notch)
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opening above each orbit for blood vessels and nerves
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Glabella
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Smooth area between eyes
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Parietal Bone
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Forms sides of cranium
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Sagittal Suture
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Midline articulation of the two parietal bone
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Coronal Suture
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Point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone
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Temporal Bone
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inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull
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Tympanic Region
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section of temporal bone that surrunds external ear opening
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Squamous Region
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section of temporal bone that abuts the parietals
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Mastoid Region
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section of temporal bone that is posterior to ear
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Petrous Region
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section of Temporal Bone that is the lateral portion of the skull base
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Squamous Suture
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Point of articulation of temporal bone with parietal
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Zygomatic Process
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bridgelike projection that joins zygomatic bone anteriorly
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Mandibular Fossa
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Rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process. forms socket for mandibular condyle.
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External Acoustic Meatus
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Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear
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Styloid Process
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Needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus; atchment point for muscles of neck.
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Mastoid Process
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Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus
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Stylomastoid Foramen
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small opening between mastoid and syloid processes, cranial nerve VII leaves cranium
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Jugular Foramen
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Opening medial to Styloid process through wich the internal jugular vein and cravial nerves IX, X, and XI pass.
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Carotid Canal
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Opening medial to styloid process through which intenal carotid artery passes
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Internal Acoustic Meauts
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poening on posterior aspect of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves VII and VIII
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Foramen Lacerum
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opening between pertrous temporal bone and sphenoid, allows passage of nerves and internal carotid artery.
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Occipital Bone
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Most posterior bone of crnium
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Basioccipital Region
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Narrow connection between occipital bone and sphenoid
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Lambdoid Suture
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articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones
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Foramen Magnum
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large opening in base of occipital that allows spinal cord to join brain stem
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Occipital Condyles
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rounded projections lateral to foramen magnum that artculate with atlas
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Hypoglossal Canal
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Opening medial and superior to occipital condyle that the hypoglossal nerver passes
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External Occipital Crest and Protuberance
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Midline prominences posterior to foramen magnumj
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Sphenod Bone
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Bat-shaped bone forming anterior plateau of middle cranial fossa
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Greater Wings
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Portion of sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and froming part of orbits
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Superior orbital fissures
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openings in orbits providing passage for cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI
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Sella Turciaca
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base of sphenoid
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Hypophyseal Fossa
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encloses pituitary gland
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Optic Canals
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openings in the bas of the lesser wings connected by chiasmatic groove
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Foramen Rotundum
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opening lateral to sella turcica providing passage for a brance of the fifth cranial nerve
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Foramen Ovale
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Opening posterior to sella turciaca that allows passage of branch of the fifth cranial nerve
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Ethmoid Bone
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bone anterior to sphenoid. forms roof of nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of medial orbit walls
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Crista Galli
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Verticla projection providing a point of attachment form dura mater, securing brain to skull
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Cribriform Plates
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Bony plates lateral to the crista galli that olfactory fibers pass to the brain form the nasa mucosa.
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Perpendicular Plate
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Inferior projection of ethmoid that forms the superior part of nasal septum
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Superior and Middle nasal Conchae
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Coiled plates of bone extending medially fromthe lateral masses of the ethmoid into nasal cavity.
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Mandible
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Lower jawbone, only freely movable joint
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Mandibular body
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Horizontal portion, forms chin
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Mandibular Ramus
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Vertical extension of body on either side
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Mandibular Condyle
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Articulation point of mandible with hte mandibular fossa of temporal
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Coronoid Process
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Jutting anterior portion of the ramus, siter of muscle attachement
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Mandibular Angle
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Posterior point at which ramus meets body
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Mental Foramen
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opening on body, allows mental blood vessels and nerve to lower jaw
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Mandibular Foramen
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opeprominent foramen on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus
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Alveolar Margin
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Superior margin of mandible, contains sockets for teeth
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Mandibular Symphysis
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anterior median deprssion indicating point of mandibular fusion
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Maxillae
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Keystone of face
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Platine Processes
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Form anterior hard palate
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Infraorbital Foramen
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opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region
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Incisive Fossa
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Large Bilateral opeing located posterior to the central incisor tooth of maxilla, transmist nasopaltine arteris and blood vessels
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Lacrimal Bone
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Forms part of medial orbit between eithmoid and maxialla
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Lacrimal Fossa
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serves as a passageway for tears
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Palatine Bone
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paired bones posterior to palatine processes, form posterior hard palate and part of orbit
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Zygomatic Bone
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Lateral to Maxilla, forms cheekbone
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Nasal Bone
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Small Rectangluar bones forming the bridge of nose
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Vomer
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Blade-shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasal septum
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Inferior Nasal Conchae
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Thin curved bones protruding medially from the lateral wlls of nasal cavity
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Hyoid Bone
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Above larynx, attachment to togue and neck muscles.
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What skull bones have sinuses?
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maxillary, sphnoid, ethmoid, and frontal
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Nucleus Pulposus
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region of intervertebral disc that is central gelatinous and acts like a fluid
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annulus fibrosus
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outer ringof encircling collagen fibers
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Body(of verterbrea)
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rounded central portion of verterbra, faced anteriorly
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Vertebral Foramen
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openin enclosed by the body and bertebral arch, a conduit for spinal cord.
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Vertebral Arch
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the pedicles, laminae, and spinous process. represents the junctionof all posterior extensions
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Transverse Processes
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Two lateral projections from the verteral arch
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Spinous Process
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Single medial and posterior projection from vertebral arch
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Superior and Inferior Articular Processes
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Paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that allow articulations with adjacent vertebrae
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Intervertebral Foramina
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the right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that create openings
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Atlas
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C1, lacks body, lateral processes contain large concave depressions on teir superior surfaces that recieve occipital condyles.
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Axis
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C2, acts as pivot for rotation of atlas
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Dens
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Large vertical process of axis
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Bertebra Prominens
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spinous process of C7 visiable through skin
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Costal Facets
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articulating surfaces of thoracic vertebrae that connect to ribs
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Sacrum
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Fusion of fiver vertebrae
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Median Sacral Crest
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remnanice of spinous processes of fused vertebreas of sacrum
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Alae
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winglike section of sacrum that articulates with hip bones
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Sacral Foramina
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holes between fused vertebea in sacrum
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Coccyx
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human tailbone formed by fusion of three to five vertebrae
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sternum
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base of thoracic cage formed by three fused bones
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Manubrium
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top of sternum, articulates with clavicle
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Body or Gladiolus
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bulk of sternum
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Xiphoid Process
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inferior end of sternum, lies level of fifth intercostal space
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Jugular Notch
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concave upper boder of manubrium, level with the third thoracic vertebra
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Sternal Angle
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meeting of manubrium and body
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Xiphisternal joint
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point where the sternal body meets xiphoid process, level with ninth thoracic vertebra
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True or Vertebrosternal Ribs
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first seven pairs, attach directly to sternum
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False Ribs
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last five pairs, do not directly attach to sternum
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Vertebrochondral Ribs
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rib pairs 8-10, attach to sternum via costal cartilage of rib 7
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Floating ribs
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no sternal attachment
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