Skeleton System

Front 1

The Human Skeleton System consists of ??

Back 1

- Bones
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Tendons
20% of the Body's Weight

Front 2

How man bones does the Human Skeleton contain?

Back 2

206 Bones

80 from AXIAL Skeleton

126 from APPENDICULAR Skeleton

Front 3

What is The Axial Skeleton ?

Back 3

Axial Skeleton lies along the Central Line or axis of the body
Supports Head, Neck & Trunk(Torso)

Skull,Vertebral column, Ribs , Sternum

Front 4

What is the Appendicular Skeleton ?

Back 4

Supports the appendages or limbs and attaches them to the rest of the body.

Shoulder Girdle, Upper/ Lower Limbs, Pelvic Girdle

Front 5

What are the Functions of Skeleton System ??

Back 5

- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral Storage
- Blood Cell Production
- Storage of Energy

Front 6

What is HOMEOSTASIS ?

Back 6

It is a process that maintains the stability of the body's Internal environment in response to changes in External Conditions

Regulate / Adjust Temperature

Front 7

What are the Classifications of Bones??

Back 7

- Long Bones
- Short Bones
- Flat Bones
- Irregular Bones
- Sesamoid Bones

Front 8

Long Bones

Back 8

Levers, they allow movement

Femur, Tibia , Fibula . Clavicle , Humerus , Radius
Ulna , Phalanges

Front 9

Short Bones

Back 9

Strong Compact Bones , where little movement

Tarsals and Carpals

Front 10

Flat Bones

Back 10

Protective Bones with flat surfaces for muscle attachments.

Scapula, Pelvis , Sternum , Skull

Front 11

Irregular Bones

Back 11

Dont fit in with others, have different characteristics

Vertebrae, Sacrum , Coccyx , Mandible , Maxilla
Ethmoid bone.

Front 12

Sesamoid Bones

Back 12

Bones withing Tendons

Patella ( Kneecap

Front 13

What is Articular Cartilage ??

Back 13

Contact Surface of Joint covered by Layer of Gristle

Front 14

What is an Articulation ?

Back 14

2 Points of contact where bones Meet

Front 15

What are the functions of Joints ??

Back 15

1. To hold bones together

2. Gives Mobility

Front 16

What are common Joint Injuries ??

Back 16

1. Dislocation - Displaces Articulating Bones of Joint
(Shoulder , Knee, Elbow, Finger, Jaw )
2. Sprains - Overstretching/tearing
(Connective tissue, Ligaments, Tendons)
3. Bursitis - Inflamed Bursa/ over use/ Tennis Elbow

Front 17

What are Joint Disorders ???

Back 17

1. Arthritis

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis ( RA )

3. OsteoArthitis

Front 18

What is Arthritis ?

Back 18

Disease

Inflamed / Swollen & Painful Joints

Front 19

What is Rheumatiod Arthritis ?

Back 19

Synovial Membrane becomes inflamed & Thickens

STOPS MOVEMENT

Front 20

What is Osteoarthritis ?

Back 20

Aging - Inherit ( 30's )

Joints Painful to Touch

Gradually Deform (Fingers)

Front 21

What is Bursitis ?

Back 21

Inflammation of a Bursa result of injury / irritation

Front 22

What are Bone Structural Classifications ??

Back 22

- Cartilage

- Bone (Osseous Tissue)

- Dense Connective Tissue

Front 23

Bone ( OSSEOUS TISSUE ) Cells

Back 23

- Osteoblasts - Bone fromation, Keeps strong surface

- Osteocytes - Mature Bone Cells

- Osteoclasts - Bone Restoration (maintain/repair)

Front 24

How are Bones Formed ??

Back 24

Ossification - Bones broken down by Osteoclasts & Rebuilt by Osteoblasts
1. Natural Process of Bone Formation
2. Bone Cells (Osteoclasts) absorb Old bone Tissue
3. Osteoblasts produce new Bone Tissue

Front 25

What is the Structure of a Bone ?

Back 25

1. Proximal Epiphysis

2. Diaphysis - Shaft of Bone

3. Distal Epiphysis

Front 26

What are 2 x Principles Effects of Aging & Skeletal System ?

Back 26

1. Loss of Calcium - Women from 30yrs
Men from 60yrs
Disease (Osteoporosis) Brittle bones, Degeneration

2. Decrease in Protein Formation

Front 27

What is the Structure of the Rib Cage ?

Back 27

Sternum (Breast Bone)
12 Pairs Ribs
1-7 increase in Length, attached to Sternum (True)
8-12 Decrease in Length, not attached to Ster (False)
11/12 Floating Ribs , not attached to anything

Front 28

Exercise and the Skeletal System

Back 28

Bones alter its Strength in Response to Mechanical Stress ( Exercise )

Exercise Stimulates Bone Growth
Exercise Keeps Bones Strong

Front 29

What are the two divisions of the Skeleton ?

Back 29

1. Axial Skeleton

2. Appendicular Skeleton

Front 30

What are the function of the skeleton ?

Back 30

1. Support 2. Protect 3. Move.
4.Mineral Storage (Calcium) 5. Blood Cell Production
6. Energy Storage

Front 31

Name the Connective Tissue that surrounds bone ?

Back 31

Periosteum

Front 32

Name the two types of bone tissue ?

Back 32

1. Compact

2. Spongy

Front 33

Name the boney prominence we sit on ?

Back 33

Ischial Tuberosities

Front 34

Where would you find the Atlas & Axis ?

Back 34

Atlas - C1 1st Cervical Vertebra

Axis - C2 2nd Cervical Vertebra

Front 35

What is the Function of the ATLAS ?

Back 35

Supports The Head

Front 36

What is the Skeleton Trunk of the Body?

Back 36

Vertebral Column
Sternum & Ribs

Front 37

What is the Vertebral Column?

Back 37

The Vertebral Column makes up 2 fifths of total body weight & is composed of series of bones called VERTEBRAE

Front 38

Name the boney landmark on the Scapula ?

Back 38

Acromion Process

Front 39

What is the function of the Vertebral Column ?

Back 39

1. It Encloses & Protects the Spinal Cord.
2. Supports the Head
3. Point of attachment for Ribs & Back Muscles

Front 40

What connects bones to bone ?

Back 40

Ligaments

Front 41

What connects muscle to bone ?

Back 41

Tendon

Front 42

Give an example of a long bone

Back 42

Femur

Front 43

Give an example of a flat bone

Back 43

Sternum

Front 44

Give an example of a short bone

Back 44

Tarsals & Carpals

Front 45

Give an example of an irregular bone

Back 45

coccyx , pelvis , vetebrae

Front 46

How many cervical bones are in the spine ?

Back 46

7