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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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very dense bone, usually the outer part
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compact bone
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add flexibility to bone tissue
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collogen fibers
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in the osteon: contains blood vessels that run down the center
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central canal
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layers in the osteon
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lamellae
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chambers embedded in the lamellae
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lacunae
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bug lookin things on the osteon
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osteocytes
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horizontal canals that distribute blood to vessels in the central canals
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perforating canal
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dissolve bones
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osteoclasts
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space between trabaculae with bone marrow which forms red blood cells
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spongy bone
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mature cells that maintain the bone matrix also aid in bone repair
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osteocytes
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immature cells that build bone
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osteoblasts
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what are the long bones for?
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arms/legs
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where are the flat bones?
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skull/scapula
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where are sutural bones?
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skull
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where are short bones?
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wrist/ankle
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Skeletal system functions
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support, protection, storage of minerals, production of red blood cells, leverage for motion
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bone mess ups: forces pushing ends together
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compression
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bone mess ups: pulling ends apart(going opposite ways)
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tension
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bone messups: when the force is adjacent on either side pushing toward the other
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shear
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bone messups: twisting forces at the neck
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torsion
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bone messups: results from both tension and compression
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bending
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opening for blood vessels
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foramen
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fossa
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shallow depression
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smooth groove
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trochea
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smooth rounded articular process
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condyle
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head
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end of epiphysis
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ridge
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crest
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bump or projection
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process
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unique bones that develop inside tendons
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sesamoid
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the outer portion of bones is made up of
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compact bone
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bone begins as what?
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hyaline cartilage
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what grows into outer layers of cartilage?
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blood vessels
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the process of replacing other tissues with bone
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ossification
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the balance between building bone and dissolving bone
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bone homeostasis
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what happens when there is more breakdown that building in the bones?
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they weaken
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what happens when there is more building than breakdown?
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increases bone strength
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calcitrol is required for what?
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building bone and proper calcium absorption
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on the bones nutrient artery and blood veins enter through where?
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nutrient foramen
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increases circulating levels of calcium and phosphorus as well as promotes done dissolution
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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fracture that shatters the area into body fragments
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comminuted fracture
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fracture that occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the leg
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potts fracture
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fracture that breaks the shaft along its long axis
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transverse fracture
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fracture where one side of bone is bent and the other is broken. usually occurs in kids because their bones havent fully ossified
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greenstick fracture
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age that osteopenia begins
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age 30-40
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males lose how much percentage of bone per decade?
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3% of their mass
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females lose how much percentage of bone per decade?
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8%
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How many bones does the skull have?
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22
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What does the axial skeleton do?
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protects organs, provides surface for attachment of muscles, permits joint movement
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how many bones does the axial skeleton have?
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80
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what does the axial skeleton consist of?
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skull, auditory &hyoid, vertebral,thoratic cage
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what are the deep facial bones in the skull?
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palatine, nasal concha, vomer
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what do the sinuses in the skull do?
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decrease weight of bone and clean air
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what do the superficial bones in the skull do?
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provide surface area for muscle attachment for control of chewing and facial expression
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what are all the sutures in the face?
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lambdoid, coronal, squamous, saggital
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what does the occipital bone do?
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forms the posterior and inferior surfaces of the skull
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what are the functions of the temporal bones?
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attach muscles ofjaw and head, surrounds and protects ear(external acoustic canal)
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what does the sphenoid do?
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part of the floor of skull. strengthens sides of skull and has optic canals for nerves
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what is the roof of the nasal cavity?
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ethmoid
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what is the largest facial bone?
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maxillary
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what is the major nerve on the maxillary?
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trigeminal nerve
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what supports the bridge of the nose?
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nasal bones
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what forms the inferior/posterior portion of the bony nasal?
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vomer
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what warms inhaled air and creates air turbulence in the nasal cavity?
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inferior nasal concha
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what bone contributes to the rim and lateral wall of the orbit?
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zygomatic bone
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what forms the lower jaw?
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mandible
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what does the hyoid bone do?
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supports larnyx
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what is the soft spot on an infants skull called?
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fontanel
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how many bones does the vertebral column have?
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26
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what are the 4 curvatures of the vertebral column?
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cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacral
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what are the 3 parts of a vertebra?
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vertebral body, vertebral arch, articular processs
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what bone transfers weight alone the spine?
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vertebral body
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what bones allow for connection between vertebrae?
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articular processes
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what holds the spinal cord?
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vertebral canal
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what is used for nerve connections to the spinal cord?
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interverebral foraminae
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what do the intervertebral discs do?
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seperate the vertebral bodies and absorb shock
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what is it called when you have a traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae?
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whiplash
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what part of the spine is the cervical vertebrae?
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the top near the head
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what is the largest part of the spinal cord?
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cervical
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what is the middle part of the spinal cord?
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thoractic
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what is the main support of the chest?
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thoracic cage
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what attaches muscles to the anus?
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coccyx
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what attaches the pelvis to the skeleton?
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sacrum
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what does the coccyx look like?
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cork screw
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what are the little holes on the side of the sacrum called?
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sacral foramins
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what is it called when the spine has a lateral curve disorder?
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scoliosis
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what number ribs are the true ribs?
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#1-7
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what does it means that the ribs 11-12 are floating?
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no connection with the sternum
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what are the false ribs relationship with the sternum?
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not directly connected
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how many pairs of ribs are there?
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12
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why are the lower vertebrae larger and stronger?
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they bear more weight
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what are clavicles also known as?
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collarbones
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what is the appendicular skeleton made up of?
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the limbs and supportive girdles
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what does the pectoral girdle do?
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connects arms to body and positions shoulders
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what are shoulder blades also known as?
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scapulae
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what connects to the humerous to form a shoulder joint?
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glenoid cavity
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what does the acronium process do?
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articulates with the clavicle
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what are the bones of the upper limbs?
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arm, forearm, wrist and hand
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the long bone arm is known as what?
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humerous
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which tubercle forms the tip of the shoulder? greater or lesser?
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greater
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what are some of the main parts of the humerous?
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head and neck
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smooth surfaces of bone
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condyles
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the forearm consists of what?
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radius and ulna
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what is the big bump on the elbow?
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medial epicondyle
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which part of the arm is loadbearing?
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forearm
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what is the stationary part of the forearm?
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ulna
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what is the point of the elbow and allows the arm to straighten?
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olecrannon
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what is the outside portion of the forearm?
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radius
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what is the interosseos membrane?
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sheet between arm bones
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what are the metacarpals?
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long bones of the hand
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what is the pollex?
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thumb
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what are the phalanges?
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fingers
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what is the os coxae made up of?
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ilium, ishium and pubis
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what holds the pubic bone and attaches hip muscles?
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pubis
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what is the circular dent which is also the hip socket?
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acetabulum
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what are the big holes on the pelvis?
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obturator foramen
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whats the joint on the pelvis?
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sacroiliac joint
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how do you see the true pelvis?
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turn it sideways
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why do females have an enlarged pelvic outlet?
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for baby!
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what are the functions of the lower limbs?
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motion and weight bearing
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what is the kneecap also known as
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patella
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longest and heaviest bone
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femur
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what is also known as the shin bone
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tibia
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what is the loadbearing portion of the leg?
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tibia
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out of the fibula and tibia which one is bigger?
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tibia
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where does the fibula connect to?
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the muscles of the feet and toes
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how many bones are in the ankle?
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7
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what is the heel bone?
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calcaneus
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what bone carries the weight of the tibia
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talus
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what are the 5 long bones of the feet called
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metatarsels
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ankle is also known as what?
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tarsus
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