Skeletal System (Chpt5)

Front 1

what are 5 basic functions of bones

Back 1

support, motion, protection, storage, blood cell formation.

Front 2

what are the 4 basic bone types

Back 2

long, short, flat, irregular

Front 3

long bones

Back 3

compact, have shaft w/ heads, ex: limbs

Front 4

short bones

Back 4

spongy, sesamoid short w/ tendons. ex: wrist/ankle

Front 5

flat bones

Back 5

has 2 thin layers of compact bone. ex: skull, ribs, sternum

Front 6

irregular bones

Back 6

ex: vertebrae, spinal column, hip bones.

Front 7

bone markings

Back 7

bumps, holes and ridges
projections or processes
depressions or cavities

Front 8

projections at sites of muscle attachment

Back 8

tuberosity, crest, trochanter,line,tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process

Front 9

projections that help form joints

Back 9

head, facet, condyle, ramus

Front 10

tuberosity

Back 10

lg, round projection

Front 11

crest

Back 11

narrow ridge of bone
usually prominent

Front 12

trochanter

Back 12

lg, blunt, irregualr shap
ex femur

Front 13

line

Back 13

narrow ridge of bone

Front 14

tubercle

Back 14

small rounded projection

Front 15

epicondyle

Back 15

raised area on or above condyle

Front 16

spine

Back 16

sharp, slender, pointed

Front 17

process

Back 17

any bony prominence.

Front 18

head

Back 18

bony expansion on narrow neck
ex: rib

Front 19

facet

Back 19

smooth alomost flat
ex: rib

Front 20

condyle

Back 20

rounded
jaw (mandible)

Front 21

ramus

Back 21

armlike bar of bone
ex jaw

Front 22

depressions or openings that allow blood vessels/nerves to pass

Back 22

meatus, sinus, fossa, groove, fissure, foramen.

Front 23

meatus

Back 23

canal-like passage way
ex ear

Front 24

sinus

Back 24

cavity within a bone
filled with air
lined with mucous membrane
ex sinuses

Front 25

fossa

Back 25

shallow basin like depression
ex skull or back

Front 26

groove

Back 26

furrow
ex jaw bone

Front 27

fissure

Back 27

narrow, slit like opening
ex inside of eye socket for tears

Front 28

foramen

Back 28

round or oval opening thru a bone
ex sunuses

Front 29

diaphysis

Back 29

long bone structure
shaft
makes up most of bones length

Front 30

epiphyses

Back 30

ends of long bone.
has thin layer of compact bone enclosing area of spongy bone.

Front 31

epiphyseal line

Back 31

in adult bones
thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis
looks different from rest of bone.

Front 32

epiphyseal plate

Back 32

flat plate of hyaline cartlige
seen in young growing bones
causes length wise growing of long bone.

Front 33

periosteum (sharpey's fibers)

Back 33

hundred's of connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.

Front 34

articular cartilage

Back 34

covers external bone surface in place of periosteum.

Front 35

endosteum

Back 35

thin membrane lining cavities of spongy bone.
contains osteoblast and osteoclasts.

Front 36

osteoblasts

Back 36

actively mitotic form of bone

Front 37

osteoclasts

Back 37

bone destroying cells active in bone reabsorption.

Front 38

yellow marrow (aka medullary cavity)

Back 38

cavity in adult bone that is storage area for adipose tissue.

Front 39

red marrow

Back 39

cavity in infants bone that forms blood cells.

Front 40

hematopoiesis (aka hemopoiesis)

Back 40

means blood cell formation which occurs in red marrow.

Front 41

microscopic structures of compact bone.

Back 41

haversian system(osteon), canaliculi, volkmann's canals (perforating canals) osteocytes

Front 42

haversian system (osteon)

Back 42

complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings.

Front 43

canaliculi

Back 43

tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae.
form transport system that connects all the bone cells to nutrient sypply thru hard bone matrix.

Front 44

volkmann's canals (perforating canals

Back 44

canals that run into the compact bone at right angels.

Front 45

osteocytes

Back 45

mature bone cells