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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 main divisions of the human skeleton
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(1) axial skeleton
(2) appendicular skeleton |
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Total # of bones in the adult skeleton?
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206
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The axial skeleton consist of how many bones?
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80
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What parts of the body make up the axial skeleton?
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(1) skull
(2) hyoid bone (3) spinal column (4) sternum and ribs |
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What are the 2 major divisions of the skull?
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(1) the face
(2) the cranium |
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What are the 8 bones that form the cranium?
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• frontal (1)
• parietal (2) • temporal (2) • occipital (1) • sphenoid (1) • ethmoid (1) |
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What are the 14 bones that form the face ?
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• nasal (2)
• maxillary(2) • zygomatic malar (2) • mandible (1) • lacrimal (2) • palatine (2) • vomer (1) • inferior nasal conchae (2) |
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What forms the forehead & the anterior part of the top of the cranium?
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Frontal bone
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Contains mucosa - lined air filled spaces?
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Sinuses
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What are the 4 sinuses that make up the PARANASAL SINUSES?
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(1) frontal sinuses
(2) sphenoid sinuses (3) ethmoid sinuses (4) maxillary sinuses |
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Which sinus is the largest?
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Maxillary sinus
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What are the 4 types of suture?
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(1) squamous
(2) coronal (3) lambdoidal (4) sagittal |
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What suture is joint between the parietal bones and the frontal bone?
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Coronal
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What suture is joint between the parietal bones & occipital bone?
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Lambdoidal
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What suture is joint between the right & left parietal bones?
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Sagittal
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What suture is lined along the top curved edge of the temporal bone?
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Squamous
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How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
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126
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What parts of the body make the appendicular skeleton?
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• upper extremities
• lower extremities |
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What bones make the upper extremities?
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• clavicle (2)
• scapula (2) • humerus (2) • radius (2) • ulna (2) • carpals (16) •metacarpals (10) • phalanges (28) |
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What bones make up the lower extremities?
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• innominate (2)
• fibula (2) • femur (2) • patella (2) • tibia (2) • tarsals 14 • metarsals (10) • phalanges (8) |
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Three abnormal spine curvatures?
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(1) lordosis
(2) kyphosis (3) scoliosis |
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Abnormally increased roundness in the thoracic curvature also known as "hunchback"
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Kyphosis
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Abnormal side to side curvature
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Scoliosis
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Poor posture or disease may cause the lumbar curve to be abnormally accentuated.
Also known as " sway back" |
Lordosis
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What's the largest strongest bone of the face?
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Mandible
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What bone lies behind and slightly above the nose and throat?
Forms part of the floor & side walls of the orbit. Keystone of the cranial floor |
Sphenoid bone
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Irregular bone that makes up the anterior portion of the cranial floor, medial wall of the orbits, upper parts of the nasal septum, side walks of the nasal roof; and lies anterior to to sphenoid & posterior to the nasal bone
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Ethmoid bone
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Olfactory nerves that pass through numerous holes in this plate
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Horizontal (cribriform) plate
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Opening in the greater wing that transmits the maxillary division of the 5th cranial nerve?
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Foramen rotundum in the (sphenoid bone)
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Opening in the greater wing that transmits the mandibular division if the 5th cranial nerve
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Foremen ovale in (sphenoid bone)
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What serves as the keystone architecture of the face?
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2 maxillae
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Soft spots where ossification is incomplete @birth
Allows some compression of the skull during birth |
Frontanels
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Name the four types of frontanels?
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(1) frontal (anterior)
(2) occipital (posterior) (3) sphenoid (anterolateral) (4) mastoid (posterolateral) |
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Largest of the frontanels, closed by 1 1/2 years of age, at the intersection of the sagittal & coronal sutures
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Frontal fontanel
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At the intersection of the sagittal & lambdoidal suture;
Triangular in shape Closed by the second month |
Occipital frontanel
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What fontanel is at the juncture of the frontal, parietal, temporal, & sphenoid bones?
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Sphenoid fontanel
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What fontanel is at the juncture of the parietal, occipital, & temporal bones?
Usually closed by the second year |
Mastoid fontanel
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Single bone in the neck part of the axial skeleton
Only bone in the body that doesn't articulate with no other bones |
Hyoid bone
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It is u shaped felt above the larynx & below the mandible, it's suspended from the Seymour process of the temporal bone
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Hyoid bone
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A single bone that has formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae?
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Sacrum
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A single bone that has formed from the fusion of 4 or 5 vertebrae?
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Coccyx
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What constitutes the skeletal framework of the neck?
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7 cervical vertebrae
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12 vertebrae that are located in the posterior part of the chest?
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Thoracic vertebrae
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5 vertebrae that support the back
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Lumbar vertebrae
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The vertebral column consist of ___
vertebrae plus the sacrum & coccyx |
24
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A central opening in all the vertebrae
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Vertebral foramen
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First cervical vertebrae
Supports the head Lacks body & spinous process |
Atlas
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Second vertebrae
Atlas rotates about this bone in rotating movements of the head Peglike projection upward from the body |
Axis
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A dagger shaped bone consisting of three parts
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Sternum
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3 parts of the sternum?
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1. Manubrium - upper handle part
2. Body - middle part 3. Xiphoid process - blunt cartilaginous lower tip |
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The manubrium articulates with the _____ rib & clavicle
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1st rib
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The last 9 ribs are joined to the body by the?
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Sternum
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What forms the thoracic cage?
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12 pair of ribs
Vertebral column Sternum |
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What are the true ribs?
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Ribs 1-7
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Which ribs make the false ribs?
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8-10
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Which ribs are the floating ribs?
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11 & 12
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What cartilage attaches the ribs to the sternum?
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Costal cartilage
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What two bones compose the shoulder girdle?
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Scapula
Clavicle |
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What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
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1. Superior- upper margin
2. Vertebral- toward the vertebral column 3. Axillary - lateral margin |
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Sharp ridge running diagonally across the posterior surface of the shoulder blade?
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Spine
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Arm socket also known as?
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Glenoid cavity
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What are the 8 carpal bones?
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1. Scaphoid
2. Trapezium 3. Trapezoid 4. Capitate 5. Hamate 6. Pisiform 7. Triquetrum 8. Lunate |
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A roughned projection on the ulnar side of the radius.
Biceps muscle insert here |
Radial tuberosity
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Disk shaped process forming the proximal end of the radius.
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Head
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Bone of the thumb side of the forearm
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Radius
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Protuberance at the distal end on the lateral surface of the radius
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Styloid process
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Iong bone of the upper part of the arm
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Humerus
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Bone of the little finger side of the forearm it's longer than the radius?
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Ulna
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Rough projections at both sides of the distal ends of the humerus
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Epicondyles- medial & lateral
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Rounded knob below the lateral epicondyle it articulates with the radius.
Sometimes called the radial head of the humerus |
Capitulum
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A Projection on the humerus with a deep depression through the center similar to a shape of a pulley
It articulates with the |
Trochlea
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Depression on posterior surface just above the trochlea.
Receives the olecranon process of the ulna in extension |
Olecranon fossa
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Depression on anterior surface above the trochlea
Receives coronoid process of ulna in flexion |
Coronoid fossa
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The elbow is called ?
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Olecranon process
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Wrist bones
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Carpals
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Long bones forming the framework of the palm of the hand; numbered I through V.
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Metacarpals
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Carpals are arranged in 2 rows
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Proximal row:
Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, & scaphoid Distal row: Hamate, capitate, trapezoid, & trapezium |
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Miniature long bones of the fingers
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Phalanges
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How many phalange bones are there in each finger?
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3 in the fingers 2 in the thumbs
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Which metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpals?
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Thumb metacarpal
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Large hip bone with sacrum & coccyx
Forms basinlike pelvic cavity |
Coxal
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The focal bone is made up of three bones that are later fused together. What are the 3 parts?
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(1) ilium
(2) ischium (3) pubis |
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The largest uppermost of the coxal?
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Ilium
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The strongest lowermost part of the coxal?
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Ischium
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The most anterior part of the coxal?
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Pubis
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The pelvis can be divided into two parts by an imaginary planed called?
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Pelvic inlet
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Boundary of the aperture leading into the true pelvis
Firmed by pubic crest, iliopectineal lines, & sacral promontory Impt during child birth |
Pelvic brim
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Space below pelvic brim
Pelvic organs located in this brim |
True pelvis / pelvis minor
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Broad shallow space above the pelvic brim
Part of the abdominal cavity not the pelvic cavity |
False pelvis
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Thigh bone
Largest strongest bone of the body |
Femur
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Largest sesamoid bone in body
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Patella or kneecap
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The shin bone
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Tibia
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Long slender bone of the lateral side of the lower part of the leg
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Fibula
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Bones that form the heel & proximal or posterior half of the foot
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Tarsals
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Heel bone is called?
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Calcaneus
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The tarsal bones consist of 7 bones?
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Cuneiforms-3
Navicular-1 Talus-1 Calcaneous -1 Cuboid-1 |
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Caused when the tendons & ligaments attached to the tarsal bones are weakened?
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Flatfoot
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Long bones of the feet
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Metatarsals
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A normal longitudinal arch is created by?
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Medial longitudinal arch & a lateral longitudinal arch
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The general difference between a male and female is
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Size & weight
Male skeleton is heavier |
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pelvis is deep & funnel shaped with narrow subpubic angles of less of 90 degrees
(a) male (b) female |
Male
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Pelvis is shallow, broad, & flaring and has a wider subpubic angle of greater than 90 degrees
(a) male (b) female |
Female
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Forehead elongated vertically
Smaller mandible & maxillae Facial area rounder (a) male (b) female |
Female
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Coccyx less movable
(a) male (b) female |
Male
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Forehead shorter vertically
Larger mandible & maxillae (a) male (b) female |
Male
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What are the 7 types of bone fractures?
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1. Open
2. Closed 3. Incomplete 4. Complete 5. Linear 6. Transverse 7. Oblique |
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It Occurs in the absence of any clinically visible damage to bone or surrounding tissue
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Stress fracture
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Also known as compound fracture
Broken bone projects through surrounding tissue & skin |
Open fracture
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Also known as simple fracture
Does not produce a break in the skin |
Closed fracture
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Involves a break across the entire section of bone
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Complete fracture
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Involves only a partial break with the bone fragments still being partially joined
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Incomplete fracture
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A fracture lined parallel to the bones Long axis
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Linear fracture
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A fracture line at a right angle to the bones long axis
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Transverse fracture
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A fracture that occurs at a slanted or diagonal angle to the longitudinal axis of the bone
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Oblique fracture
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In bones of the skull; If the fracture line is visible but very small & the opposing bone segments remain fully aligned is called?
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Hairline fracture
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