Skeletal System (Chapter 7)

Front 1

Acetabul - vinegar cup
ax - axis
blast - bud, a growing oranism
canal - channel
carp - wrist
clast - break

Back 1

clav - bar (clavical)
condyl - knob, knuckle
corac - a crows beak
cribr - sieve
crist - crest

Front 2

fov - pit
glen - joint socket
inter - among, between
intra - inside
lamell - thin plate
meat - passage
odont - tooth
poie - make, produce

Back 2

lamell - thin plate
meat - passage
intra - inside
odont - tooth

Front 3

Bone Classification

Back 3

Long Bone - Forearm & Thigh
Short Bones - Bones of wrist & ankles
Flat Bones - Ribs, scapulae & some bones in skull
Irregular Bones - vertebrae
Sesamoid Bone - kneecap (patella)

Front 4

Parts of a Long Bone

Back 4

*Epiphysis(distal & proximal)
*diaphysis *compact bone
*spongy bone *articular cartilage *periosteum *endosteum *medullary cavity *trabeculae *marrow (red, yellow)

Front 5

Epiphysis

Back 5

End of Long Bone
Proximal - nearest to torso
Distal - farthest from torso

Front 6

Diaphysis

Back 6

Shaft of bone between the epiphysis

Front 7

Compact Bone

Back 7

Tightly packed tissue that composes the wall of the diaphysis

Front 8

Spongy Bone

Back 8

Consist of many branchy boney placed called trabecule

The epiphyses are largely composed of spongy bone w/ thin layers of compact bone on their surfaces

Front 9

Spongy Bone

Back 9

*Honeycomb like; trabeculae
*Contains osteocytes and extracellular matrix
*Does NOT contain osteons

Front 10

Articular Cartilage

Back 10

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints

Front 11

Periosteum

Back 11

*Fiborous connective tissue covering the surface of bone
*Helps form & repair bone tissue

Front 12

Endosteum

Back 12

Tissue lining the medullary cavity of the bone

Front 13

Medullary Cavity

Back 13

*Cavity containing marrow in the diaphysis of long bone
*Semi-rigid tube w/hollow chamber

Front 14

Trabeculae

Back 14

Branchy bony plates that seperates irregular spaces w/in spongy bone

Front 15

Marrow

Back 15

Connective tissue in bones that include stem cells

Front 16

Has an imporant role in bone formation and repair

Back 16

periosteum

Front 17

Bone that consist of tightly packed tissue ...

Back 17

Compact Bone

Front 18

The medullary cavity is filled with

Back 18

Marrow

Front 19

Mature bone cells

Back 19

Osteocytes

Front 20

*Smooth, solid outer layer
*Contains osteocytes & extracellular matrix
*Contains osteons

Back 20

Compact Bone

Front 21

Cylinder shape unit containing bone cells that surround a central canal

Back 21

Osteon

Front 22

Tiny channel in bone tissue that contains a blood vessel

Back 22

Central Canal

Front 23

Transverse channel that connects central canals in compact bone

Back 23

Perforating Canal

Front 24

Hollow Cavity

Back 24

Lacuna

Front 25

Microscopic canal that connects lacunae of bone tissue

Back 25

Canaliculus

Front 26

Bones form by replacing existing connective tissue in one of two ways ...

Back 26

Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification

Front 27

*Bones originate w/in sheetlike layers of connective tissue
*Broad, flat bones (skull bones except mandible)

Back 27

Intramembranous Ossification

Front 28

*Bones begin as hyaline cartilage.
*Form models for future bones
*Most of the bones of skeleton

Back 28

Edochondrial Ossification

Front 29

Homeostatis of bone tissue

Back 29

Bone Resporation - Action of osteoclasts & parathyroid hormone
Bone Deposition - Action of osteoblasts & calcitonin

Front 30

-Resorb bone tissue (bone respiration)
-Bone Breakers (bone destroying cells)

Back 30

Osteoclasts

Front 31

-Replace the bone (bone deposition)
-Bone germinators (bone forming cells)

Back 31

Osteoblasts

Front 32

Vitamin D affects bone development and repair by

Back 32

allowing absorption of calcium in the small intestine

Front 33

Functions of bone?

Back 33

-Shape & support of the body
-protection of body structures
-House the tissues that produce blood cells
-Store inorganic salts

Front 34

Four major parts of the axail skeleton

Back 34

Skull
Hyoid
Vertebral Column
Thoracic Cage

Front 35

Four major parts of the appendicular skeleton

Back 35

Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs

Front 36

The only movable bone of the skull is the

Back 36

mandible

Front 37

The adult vertebral column has how many parts?

Back 37

26

Front 38

Incomplete fracture and break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

Back 38

Greenstick Fracture

Front 39

Incomplete longitudinal break

Back 39

Fissured Fracture

Front 40

Complete and fragments of the bone

Back 40

Comminuted Fracture

Front 41

Complete break
Occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone

Back 41

Transverse Fracture

Front 42

Occurs at an angle other than a right angle to axis of the bone

Back 42

Oblique Fracture

Front 43

Caused by twisting of bone excessively

Back 43

Spiral Fracture

Front 44

Steps in repair of fracture:

Back 44

1) Blood escapes from ruptured vessels and forms hematoma
2) Spongy bone forms close to developing blood vessels and fibrocartilage forms
3) Bony callus replaces fibrocartilage
4) Osteoclasts remove excess bony tissue restoring new bone structure much like the original

Front 45

A tumor, benign or malignant composed of bony tissue.
A hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone

Back 45

Osteoma

Front 46

Softening of the bones, resulting from impaired mineralization, w/ excess accumulation of ostoid caused by a Vit D deficiancy.
Called Rickets in children

Back 46

Osteomalacia

Front 47

How many separate bones are in the vertebral column of an infant?
How many of these fuse to form the sacrum?
How many become the coccyx?

Back 47

-Infant has 33 seperate bones in the vertebral column
-5 of these bones eventually fuse to form the sacrum
-4 join to become the coccyx

Front 48

Vertebral Column / Adult

Back 48

*Cervical Vertebrae(7) "Breakfast
*Thoracic Vertebrae(12) "Lunch"
*Lumbar Vertebrae (5) "Dinner"

Front 49

The coxae (Hip Bone) develop from what 3 parts?

Back 49

ilium
ischium
pubis

Front 50

Ribs

Back 50

True Ribs (first 7) Join sternum directly

False Ribs (nxt 5) do not reach sternum directly

Floating Ribs (last 2) No attachments to sternum

Front 51

Differences between male & femal pelves?

Back 51

*FEMALE
*iliac bones are more flared
*Broader hips
*Pubic arch angle greater
*Sacral curvature shorter & flatter
*Lighter bones

Differences arise from the function of female pelves as birth canal

Front 52

Axial Skeleton

Back 52

Head
Neck
Trunk

Front 53

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 53

Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

Front 54

Cranial Skeleton

Back 54

Frontal (1)
Occipital (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

Front 55

Facial Skeleton

Back 55

Maxillary (2)
Mandible (1)
Palatine (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Nasal (2)

Front 56

*Supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs
*Protects viscera
*Role in breathing
*Ribs, Sternum, Thoracic vertebrae, Costal cartilages

Back 56

Thoracic Cage