Skeletal System - Chapter 5

Front 1

endoskeleton

Back 1

an internal skeleton

Front 2

skeletal system

Back 2

composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

Front 3

# of bone in the human skeleton

Back 3

206

Front 4

functions of the skeleton

Back 4

providing movement
provide shape and support
provide protection
store calcium
produce blood cells

Front 5

axial skeleton

Back 5

contains 80 bones and made up of spine, rib cage, skull, and hyoid bone

Front 6

appendicular skeleton

Back 6

contains 126 bones including the lower appendages, upper appendages (all arm bones and all leg bones)

Front 7

articulation

Back 7

joint

Front 8

articular process

Back 8

a bulge that comes in contact with an adjacent bone

Front 9

canal

Back 9

a wide foramen - passaway for larger blood vessels and nerves

Front 10

foramen

Back 10

an opening in a bone through wich a small blood veesel or nerve passes

Front 11

condyle

Back 11

a large rounded articular process

Front 12

diaphysis

Back 12

the long shaft of a bone

Front 13

epiphysis

Back 13

the end of a long bone

Front 14

facet

Back 14

a smooth articular surface

Front 15

fossa

Back 15

a wide and shallow indentation in a bone

Front 16

neck

Back 16

the region between the head and shaft of a bone

Front 17

trochanter

Back 17

a large, ridged tuberosity

Front 18

tuberosity

Back 18

a large bump on a bone

Front 19

bone composition

Back 19

bone (osseos tissue, blodd vessels, nerves, ligaments, tendons

Front 20

long bone

Back 20

a bone that is longer than it is wide (femur, humerous)

Front 21

short bone

Back 21

a small, square-like bone (carpals, tarsals)

Front 22

irregular bone

Back 22

a highly sculptured bone (vertebrea)

Front 23

flat bone

Back 23

a bone with sheet-like surfaces

Front 24

sesamoid bone

Back 24

small rounded bones embedded in tendons

Front 25

periosteum

Back 25

membrane around the bones - important to bone growth - contains blood vessels

Front 26

epiphyseal plate

Back 26

growth plate - where long bone grows

Front 27

compact bone

Back 27

aka: cortical bone - very dense tissue composed of mineral deposits
makes up 20% of skeleton but 80% of skeleto9n's weight

Front 28

haversial canal

Back 28

internal structure of compact bone - allow blodd vessels and nerves to run through bones - run vertically through long bone

Front 29

osteon

Back 29

the structural support of compact bone

Front 30

volkman's canals

Back 30

canals that run horizontally through compact bone and allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Front 31

cancellous bone

Back 31

spongy bone or trabecular bone - less dense than compact bone - makes up 80% of skeleton and 20% of skelton's weight

Front 32

medullary cavity or canal

Back 32

center of long bone filled with bone marrow - bordere by spongy boner lined by endosteum

Front 33

yellow bone marrow

Back 33

made up of mostly fat cells and provides a food source for bone cells

Front 34

red bone marrow

Back 34

made of stem cells that produce blood cells

Front 35

endosteum

Back 35

lining inside the medullary canal

Front 36

cartilaginous joint

Back 36

joint that is covered with cartilage

Front 37

fibrous joint

Back 37

joint that is attached with fibrous connective tissue

Front 38

synovial joint

Back 38

joint that contains a fluid filled sac that contains synovial fluid which is a lubricating fluid

Front 39

synarthrosis joint

Back 39

immovable joint - sutures in the skull

Front 40

amphiarthrosis joint

Back 40

slightly moveable joint - pubic bone

Front 41

diarthrosis

Back 41

freely moveable joint

Front 42

ball-and-socket joint

Back 42

diarthrosis joint - shoulder and hip

Front 43

condyloid joint

Back 43

a ball-like surface articualtes with the curve shape of another bone - jaw joint

Front 44

gliding joint

Back 44

allows side-to-side movement - wrist and ankles

Front 45

hinge joint

Back 45

opens and closes like a door- knee and elbow

Front 46

pivot joint

Back 46

allows for rotation - like the head and the neck

Front 47

saddle joint

Back 47

resembles a saddle - movement rocks back and forth - thumb joint

Front 48

osteoblast

Back 48

a bone producing cell

Front 49

osteocyte

Back 49

a bone cell

Front 50

osteoclast

Back 50

a cell the breaks down bone

Front 51

fontanelles

Back 51

soft spots in a boabies skull

Front 52

ossification

Back 52

the hardening of bones

Front 53

fracture

Back 53

the most common type of bone injury - a crack, chip, or break in a bone

Front 54

flexion

Back 54

the decreasing of an angle at a joint - bending

Front 55

extension

Back 55

the increasing of an angle at a joint - straightening

Front 56

abduction

Back 56

movement away from the misdline of the body

Front 57

adduction

Back 57

movement toward the midline of the body

Front 58

rotation

Back 58

the turning of a bone on it's axis

Front 59

pronation

Back 59

refers to a movement when the palm faces down or to the posterior

Front 60

supination

Back 60

turning the palm up or forward

Front 61

circumduction

Back 61

movement in which the distal part of the body makes a circular motion

Front 62

retraction

Back 62

movement of a body part toward the posterior

Front 63

protraction

Back 63

movement of a body part in the anterior direction

Front 64

dorsiflexion

Back 64

occurs on the foot - the ankle flexes and the sole of the foot elevates

Front 65

plantar flexion

Back 65

the foot

Front 66

fontanelles

Back 66

soft spots in a the skull of a boby that have not gone through the ossification process

Front 67

fracture

Back 67

any crack, break, or chip in a bone

Front 68

simple fracture

Back 68

a crack or break in a bone

Front 69

greenstick fracture

Back 69

a common fracture in children the bone bends on one side and cracks on the other

Front 70

comminuted fracture

Back 70

a fracture in which one or more break

Front 71

open facture

Back 71

a break in which the bone comes through the skin

Front 72

transverse fracture

Back 72

a fracture horizontally across the bone

Front 73

oblique fracture

Back 73

a fracture on the angle of a bone

Front 74

shin spint

Back 74

a painful condition of the anterior of the lower leg that develops from overuse

Front 75

stress fracture

Back 75

thin breaks ina bone that may be difficult to heal often from over use

Front 76

arthritis

Back 76

inflammation of a joint

Front 77

osteoarthritis

Back 77

a deterioration of the articular cartilage covering the ends of the bone

Front 78

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 78

a condition in which the immune system attacks the connective tissue

Front 79

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 79

arthritis affecting the spine

Front 80

juvenile arthritis

Back 80

arthritia that affects children

Front 81

gout

Back 81

a metabolic disorder that causes severe inflammation of the joints - particularly the big toe

Front 82

lupus

Back 82

an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of connective tissue thoughout the body

Front 83

scleroderma

Back 83

a connective tissue disorder that causes tickening of the skin

Front 84

fibromyalgia

Back 84

a disorder that causes widespread joint pain

Front 85

osteoporosis

Back 85

a degenerative bone disease

Front 86

bone density loss

Back 86

a less severe form of osteoporosis

Front 87

kyphosis

Back 87

an excessive curve of the upper spine - hunchback

Front 88

lordosis

Back 88

an excessive curve of the lower spine - swayback

Front 89

scoliosis

Back 89

a side-way curve of the spine

Front 90

# of cervical vertebrae

Back 90

7

Front 91

# of thoracic vertebrae

Back 91

12

Front 92

# of lumbar vertebrae

Back 92

5

Front 93

parts of the sternum

Back 93

manubrium (top)
gladiolus or body (middle)
xiphoid process (bottom)

Front 94

humerus

Back 94

upper arm bone

Front 95

radius

Back 95

thumb side of forearm

Front 96

ulna

Back 96

pinky side of forearm

Front 97

femur

Back 97

thigh bone

Front 98

tibia

Back 98

inside bone of lower leg

Front 99

fibula

Back 99

outside bone of lower leg

Front 100

carpals

Back 100

wrist bones

Front 101

tarsals

Back 101

ankle bones

Front 102

# of true ribs

Back 102

7 that attach directly to the sternumn by cartilage - pairs 1 through 7

Front 103

# of false ribs

Back 103

3 - pairs 8, 9, 10

Front 104

# of lfoating ribs

Back 104

2 - pairs 11 and 12

Front 105

names of the pelvic bones

Back 105

ilium, ischium, & pubis bones

Front 106

collar bone

Back 106

clavicle

Front 107

shoulder blade

Back 107

scapula

Front 108

# of sacral vertebrae

Back 108

5 fused (attached to one another)

Front 109

# of cocygeal vertebraue

Back 109

3 to 5 fused

Front 110

# of cranial bones

Back 110

8 bones in the skull

Front 111

upper jaw bone

Back 111

maxilla

Front 112

lower jaw bone

Back 112

mandible

Front 113

orbits

Back 113

eye sockets

Front 114

axis

Back 114

2nd cervical vertebra

Front 115

atlas

Back 115

1st cervical vertebra supports the skull

Front 116

metacarpals

Back 116

hand bones

Front 117

metatarsals

Back 117

foot bones

Front 118

phalanges

Back 118

fingers and toes