Skeletal System

Front 1

Some bones contain and protect the ________ a hemopoietic tissue that produces the blood cells.

Back 1

red bone marrow

Front 2

Bones are a storage site for excess _______,which is essential for blood clotting as well as bone structure.

Back 2

calcium

Front 3

Attached to the skelton are the _________ that move the bones.

Back 3

muscles

Front 4

Some bones protect internal organs from __________________.

Back 4

mechanical injury

Front 5

__________ regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix.

Back 5

Osteocytes

Front 6

___________ is made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.

Back 6

Bone matrix

Front 7

_________ is made of haversian systems, which are cylindrical arrangements of osteocytes wtihin matrix.

Back 7

Compact bone

Front 8

___________ contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but these are not arranged in haversian systems.

Back 8

Spongy bone

Front 9

________ are bone cells.

Back 9

Osteocytes

Front 10

_______ often contains red bone marrow.

Back 10

Osteocytes

Front 11

Bones of the arms, legs and hands and feet are ___________ bones.

Back 11

Long

Front 12

Wrist and ankle bones are _______________ bones.

Back 12

Short

Front 13

Vertebrae and facial bones are ___________ bones.

Back 13

Irregular

Front 14

Pelvic bone, cranial bones and ribs are ___________ bones.

Back 14

Flat

Front 15

These three; _________ bones are made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone.

Back 15

Short
Flat
Irregular

Front 16

__________ bones each consists of diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphyses made of spongy bone.

Back 16

Long

Front 17

________, ___________, and ________ spongy bones contain red bone marrow.

Back 17

Short
Flat
Irregular

Front 18

________ bones, marrow canal contains yellow bone marrow.

Back 18

Long

Front 19

The tissue that covers the joint surface of bones is _______________, which provides a smooth surface when joints are moved.

Back 19

Articular cartilage

Front 20

The membrane that covers the rest of a bone is called the ______________ and is made of ____________ connective tissue.

Back 20

Periosteum

Fibrous

Front 21

The periosteum contains ______________ that enter the bone itself.

Back 21

blood vessels

Front 22

The periosteum anchors the ___________that connect muscle to bone, and the __________ that connects bone to bone.

Back 22

Tendons

Ligaments

Front 23

Tendons and Ligaments connecting structures are made of ___________ tissue.

Back 23

Fibrous connective

Front 24

The skeleton of the embryo is first formed of other tissue that are gradually replaced by bone. The process of bone replacement of another tissue is called _____________.

Back 24

Ossification

Front 25

The production of bone matrix is accomplished by cells called _____________.

Back 25

Osteoblasts

Front 26

In the embryo, the cranial and facial bones are first made of ______________ tissue.

Back 26

Fibrous connective

Front 27

The process of ossification begins in the _____ month of gestation, when osteoblasts differeniate from __________ in the centers of ossifcation in these bones.

Back 27

Third

fibroblasts

Front 28

At birth, ossification of the bones of the skull is not complete, and areas of fibrous connective tissue called ___________ remain between the bones.

Back 28

fontanels

Front 29

In a long bone, several centers of ossification develop; one in the _____ and one or more in each ___________ of the bones.

Back 29

diaphysis

epiphysis

Front 30

Closure of the epiphyseal discs means that all of the __________ of the discs has been replaced by _______ and the growth in length stops. At what age?

Back 30

Cartilage
bone
16-25

Front 31

In long bones, the marrow canal is formed by cells called _____ that reabsorb bone matrix.

Back 31

osteoclasts

Front 32

After birth, the marrow canal contains ___ bone marrow, which is mostly ____ tissue.

Back 32

yellow

adipose

Front 33

Vitamin ____ and vitamin ____ is necessary for the process of bone formation.

Back 33

C and A

Front 34

__________ becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix.

Back 34

Protein

Front 35

_______ and _______ becomes part of the salts of bone matrix.

Back 35

Calcium and Phosphorus

Front 36

Vitamin _____ is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine.

Back 36

D

Front 37

________ and _________ causes long bones to stop growing.

Back 37

Estrogen and testosterone

Front 38

Genes are the genetic codes for proteins. The genes for height are probably for the _______ that are needed for the production of ______ and _________. (tissues)

Back 38

Enzymes

cartilage and bone

Front 39

Without normal stress (weight bearing exercise)bones will lose ______ faster than it is replaced.

Back 39

Calcium

Front 40

The (one division) _____ skeleton, which consists of the _____, vertebrae, and the _________.

Back 40

Axil

skull
rib cage

Front 41

The (one division) _________ skeleton, which consist of the bones of the _____ and _____ and the shoulder and _____.

Back 41

Appendicular

arms and legs
pelvis

Front 42

The rib cage protects the ______, _____, _____ and _____ from mechanical injury.

Back 42

heart, lungs,

spleen and liver

Front 43

Name the bones that attach the legs to the axial skeleton.

Back 43

hip bones

Front 44

Name the bones that attach the arms to the axial skeleton.

Back 44

scapula and clavicle

Front 45

State the number of each type of vertebrae; Cervical, Thoracis, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal.

Back 45

Cervical - 7, Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5, Sacral - 5, and Coccygeal - 5

Front 46

Sacral vertebrae fuses into one bone called the __________.

Back 46

sacrum

Front 47

Coccygeal vertebrae fuses into the bone called the ________.

Back 47

coccyx

Front 48

The first cervical vertebra is called the ____________ and the second cervical vertebra is called the _________.

Back 48

atlas

axis

Front 49

The atlas and axis vertebrae form a ______ joint that permits _________ movement of the head.

Back 49

pivot

side to side

Front 50

The ________ ends of the ribs articulate with the ______ vertebrae.

Back 50

posterior

thoracic

Front 51

The two hip bones articulate with the ______ of the vertebral column.

Back 51

sacrum

Front 52

The supportive part of each vertebra is called the _________.

Back 52

body

Front 53

The bodies of adjacent vertebra are separted by discs of ___________. The two functions of these discs ____________ and ______________.

Back 53

cartilage

permit movement and absorb shock

Front 54

Name the type of joint between two vertebrae.

Back 54

symphysis

Front 55

There are ____ pairs of true ribs, __ pairs of false ribs, and ___ pairs of floating ribs.

Back 55

7 pair true ribs
3 pair false ribs
2 pair floating ribs

Front 56

The shoulder girdle that attaches the arm to the axial skeleton consists of two bones the ______ and the __________.

Back 56

scapula

clavicle

Front 57

What bone forms a socket for the humerus?

Back 57

scapula

Front 58

The _____ of the humerus fits into the glenoid fossa of the _________ to form a _________ joint at the shoulder.

Back 58

end
scapula
ball and socket joint

Front 59

Two bones of the forearm are the _____ and _____. Which is part of the elbow joint?

Back 59

ulna and radius

ulna

Front 60

The elbow is the articulation of the ______ and ________. What type of joint is this?

Back 60

humerus and ulna

hinge

Front 61

At their proximal ends, the radius and ulna form a ____ joint. This joint permits what motion of the hand?

Back 61

pivot

palm up and down

Front 62

At their distal ends, the radius and ulna articulate with the ______, the bones of the wrist. How many are found in each wrist? What kind of joint is found?

Back 62

carpals
8
gliding joint

Front 63

In each hand there are ____ metacarpals that articulate proximally with the _____ and distally with the ______.

Back 63

5
carpals
phalanges

Front 64

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is what type of joint? The joint permits what type of motion in the thumb?

Back 64

saddle

gripping

Front 65

How many phalanges are present in each finger? How many in one hand? What type of joint is found between phalanges?

Back 65

3
14
hinge

Front 66

The socket in the hip bone for the head of the femur is called the _____________.

Back 66

actabulum

Front 67

The three major parts of each hip bone are the ______, ______ and _______.

Back 67

ilium
ischium
pubis

Front 68

What part (hip bone) articulates with the sacrum? What part articulates with the other hip bone?

Back 68

ilium

pubis

Front 69

The bone of the thigh is called the _____. This bone forms what type of joint with the hip bone?

Back 69

femur

ball and socket

Front 70

The two bones of the lower leg are the ______ and ______. Which of these is part of the knee joint?

Back 70

tibia and fibula

tibia

Front 71

What is the function of the fibula?

Back 71

attach muscle

Front 72

The knee is the articulation of the _____ and _____. What type of joint is this?

Back 72

femur and tibia

hinge

Front 73

At the distal ends, the tibia and fibula articulate with the ________, the bones of the ankle. How many are found in each ankle?

Back 73

tarsals

7

Front 74

In each foot there are ____ metatarsals that articulate proximally with the ____ and distally with the _________.

Back 74

5
tarsals
phalanges

Front 75

How many phalanges are present in each foot? In the big toe? In each other toe?

Back 75

14
2
3

Front 76

Name the joint that is immovable?

Back 76

Suture

Front 77

Name the joint that is slightly movement?

Back 77

Symphysis

Front 78

Name the joint that has movement in one plane with some lateral movement?

Back 78

Condyloid

Front 79

Name the joint that has movement in all planes?

Back 79

Ball and socket

Front 80

Name the joint that has rotation?

Back 80

Pivot

Front 81

Name the joint that has movement in several planes?

Back 81

Saddle

Front 82

Name the joint that has sliding movement?

Back 82

Gliding

Front 83

Name the joint that has movement in one plane?

Back 83

Hinge

Front 84

Frontal and parietal bones is an example of _____. (joint)

Back 84

Suture

Front 85

Between two vertebrae and between two pubis bones are examples of __________. (joint)

Back 85

Symphysis

Front 86

Humerus and ulna is an example of ______. (joint)

Back 86

hinge

Front 87

Between carpals is an example of ______. (joint)

Back 87

gliding

Front 88

Metacarpals of the thumb is an example of _________. (joint)

Back 88

saddle

Front 89

Scapula and humerus is an example of ____________. (joint)

Back 89

ball and socket

Front 90

Atlas & Axis and Radius and ulna are examples of ____________. (joint)

Back 90

Pivot

Front 91

Temporal bone and mandible is an example of ______. (joint)

Back 91

Condyloid

Front 92

____________ lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid.

Back 92

Synovial membrane

Front 93

_________ prevents friction within the joint cavity.

Back 93

Synovial fluid

Front 94

____________ is made of fibrous connective tissue; encloses the joint like a sleeve.

Back 94

Joint capsule

Front 95

______ are sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across the joint.

Back 95

Bursae

Front 96

____________ provides a smooth surface on the joint surfaces of bones.

Back 96

Articular cartilage

Front 97

__________ fractures are clean break, normal position, minimal tissue damage.

Back 97

Simple

Front 98

_________ fractures are broken end of bone that pierces skin and may be extensive damage to surrounding tissue, with pain.

Back 98

Compound

Front 99

________________ fractures are lengthwise split, common in children.

Back 99

Greenstick

Front 100

______ fractures are when the bone is crushed.

Back 100

Comminuted

Front 101

______ fractures are when broken ends are forced into one another, many fragments.

Back 101

Impacted

Front 102

________ fractures are caused by no trauma. Results of osteoporosis.

Back 102

Spontaneous

Front 103

__________ sinuses are air cavities that open into the nasal cavities. ______ sinsues are in each temporal bone.

Back 103

Paranasal

Mastoid

Front 104

_________ is the abnormal curves of the spine in the thoracic vertebrae.

Back 104

Scoliosis

Front 105

________ effects the thoracic curve - aka hunchback. ______ effects the lumbar curve - aka swayback. Both are results of disease process.

Back 105

Kyphosis

Lordosis