Skeletal System

Front 1

The skull consists of what two bone groups?

Back 1

facial bones and cranium

Front 2

forms forehead, brow and superior eye orbit

Back 2

frontal bone

Front 3

bones at temples

Back 3

temporal bones

Front 4

canal that allows for the carotid artery

Back 4

carotid canal

Front 5

most posterior bone in the cranium

Back 5

occipital bone

Front 6

the butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity

Back 6

sphenoid bone

Front 7

bone that forms the roof of thte nasal cavity and part of the medial wall of the eye orbits

Back 7

ethmoid bone

Front 8

what are the only two facial bones that are not paired?

Back 8

mandible and vomer bones

Front 9

upper jaw bones

Back 9

maxillary bones (maxillae)

Front 10

alveolar margin

Back 10

The place in the maxillae where the upper teeth are carried

Front 11

Extensions of the maxillae that form the hard palate

Back 11

palatine processes

Front 12

paranasal sinuses

Back 12

cavities surrounding nasal cavity

Front 13

cheekbones

Back 13

zygomatic bones

Front 14

lacrimnal bones

Back 14

fingernail-sized bones that form part of the medial wall of the eye orbit; have the groove for tears

Front 15

small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose

Back 15

nasal bones

Front 16

thin curved bones projecting from lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Back 16

inferior conchae

Front 17

lower jaw

Back 17

mandible

Front 18

How many bones are there in the human body?

Back 18

about 206

Front 19

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Back 19

bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments

Front 20

What are the four main functions of the skelatal system?

Back 20

protection, support, movement, and storage

Front 21

dense, smooth bone tissue

Back 21

compact bone

Front 22

small, needle-like pieces of with lots of open space

Back 22

spongy bone

Front 23

What are the four ways to classify bone by shape?

Back 23

long, short, flat, and irregular

Front 24

shaft, composed of compact bone

Back 24

diaphysis

Front 25

fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects bone

Back 25

periosteum

Front 26

sharpey's fibers

Back 26

fibers that attach periosteum to bone

Front 27

ends of long bone

Back 27

epiphyeses

Front 28

hyaline cartilage on the end of long bone

Back 28

articular cartilage

Front 29

converting cartilage to bone

Back 29

ossify

Front 30

unit of bone

Back 30

osteon

Front 31

mature bone cells

Back 31

osteocytes

Front 32

bone matrix

Back 32

lacunae

Front 33

concentric circles lacunae are arranged around

Back 33

lamallae

Front 34

canaliculi

Back 34

tiny canals radiating outward from central canal

Front 35

cube-shaped spongy bone

Back 35

short bone

Front 36

bones with layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone

Back 36

flat

Front 37

cavity that contains bone marrow

Back 37

medullary cavity

Front 38

_____ build up bone matrix, while ______ break it down.

Back 38

osteoblast, osteoclast

Front 39

channels for arteries and nerves

Back 39

central canal, perforating canal, and canaliculi

Front 40

includes clavicle and scapula

Back 40

pectoral girdle

Front 41

single bone in the arm

Back 41

humerus

Front 42

two forearm bones

Back 42

radius and ulna

Front 43

bone broken into many fragments

Back 43

comminuted fracture

Front 44

bone crushed

Back 44

compression fracture

Front 45

broken bone crushed inward

Back 45

depressed

Front 46

broken bone ends forced into each other

Back 46

impacted fracture

Front 47

ragged break occuring when excessiver twisting forces are applied to a bone

Back 47

spiral fracture

Front 48

bone break incompletely, common in children's bones

Back 48

greenstick fracture

Front 49

A _____ fracture breaks cleanly but does not break the skin; when bone ends penetrate the skin, it is a ____ fracture.

Back 49

simple, compound

Front 50

what are the four major events involved in the repair of a bone fracture?

Back 50

hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling

Front 51

what are the two major diferences in a fetal skull?

Back 51

fetal skull is porportionatly larger, and there are fontanelles to allow for brain growth

Front 52

name the three sets of bones in the hand

Back 52

carpals, metacarpals, and phlanges

Front 53

what three sets of bones form the pelvic girdle?

Back 53

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Front 54

sit bone

Back 54

ischium

Front 55

large, flaring hip bone

Back 55

ilium

Front 56

The knee joint is formed by the _____ and the _____.

Back 56

femur, tibia

Front 57

thigh bone

Back 57

femur

Front 58

shin bone

Back 58

tibia

Front 59

smaller leg bone

Back 59

fibula

Front 60

Three sets of bones in the foot

Back 60

tarsals, metaltarsals, and phlanges

Front 61

ankle bone

Back 61

talus

Front 62

what are the three ways to classify joints structurally?

Back 62

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Front 63

bones connected by cartilage

Back 63

cartilaginous

Front 64

articulating bone ends

Back 64

synovial joints

Front 65

flat articular surfaces allowing for only short, gliding movements

Back 65

plane joint

Front 66

uniaxial joint allowing movement along only one plane

Back 66

hinge joint

Front 67

roung end into sleeve or ring of second end; can only move around its axis

Back 67

pivot joint

Front 68

egg-shaped articular surface into oval concavity; side-to-side and back-forth movement

Back 68

condyloid joint

Front 69

convex and concave joint ends

Back 69

saddle joint

Front 70

freely movable joint

Back 70

ball-in-socket joint

Front 71

An embryo's skeleton is ____ ____, which then ____ into bone.

Back 71

hyaline cartilage, ossifies

Front 72

____ is disease caused by deposits of ____ acid deposityed in soft tissues of joints.

Back 72

Gout, uric

Front 73

the most common form of arthritis

Back 73

osteoarthritis

Front 74

chronic inflammatory disorder that causes restricted joint movement and extreme pain

Back 74

rhematoid arthritis

Front 75

main part of a bone

Back 75

body

Front 76

enlarged end of bone

Back 76

head

Front 77

constriction between head and body of bone

Back 77

neck

Front 78

edge of bone`

Back 78

margin or border

Front 79

bend of bone

Back 79

angle

Front 80

branch of the body of bone

Back 80

ramus

Front 81

smooth, articular surface of bone

Back 81

condyle

Front 82

small, flattened articular surface of bone

Back 82

facet

Front 83

low ridge of bone

Back 83

line or linea

Front 84

prominent ridge of bone

Back 84

crest or crista

Front 85

very high ridge of bone

Back 85

spine

Front 86

prominent projection

Back 86

process

Front 87

small, rounded bump

Back 87

tubercle

Front 88

knob of bone, larger than a tubercle

Back 88

tuber or tuberosity

Front 89

tuberosity on the proximal femur

Back 89

trochanter

Front 90

near or above a condyle

Back 90

epicondyle

Front 91

flat, tongue-shaped process

Back 91

lingula

Front 92

hooked-shaped process

Back 92

hamulus

Front 93

horn-shaped process

Back 93

cornu

Front 94

hole

Back 94

foramen

Front 95

tunnel

Back 95

canal or meatus

Front 96

cleft

Back 96

fissure

Front 97

cavity

Back 97

sinus or labyrinth

Front 98

general term for a depression

Back 98

fossa

Front 99

depression in the margin of a bone

Back 99

notch

Front 100

little pit

Back 100

fovea

Front 101

deeper, narrow depression

Back 101

groove or sulcus

Front 102

alvolear process

Back 102

ridges on the mandible and maxilla that contain the teeth

Front 103

angle of mandible

Back 103

posterior, inferior corner of manible

Front 104

coronoid process of mandible

Back 104

attachment point for the temporalis muscle

Front 105

genu of the mandible

Back 105

chin

Front 106

horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Back 106

posterior third of the hard palate

Front 107

mandibular condyle

Back 107

region where the mandible articulates with the skull

Front 108

mandibular fossa

Back 108

depression where the mandible articulates with the skull

Front 109

mastoid process

Back 109

enlargement posterior to ear; attachment site for several muscle that moves head

Front 110

nuchal lines of occipital bone

Back 110

attachment site for several neck muscles

Front 111

occipital condyle

Back 111

point of articulation between skull and vertebral column

Front 112

palatine process`

Back 112

anterior two-thirds of hard palate

Front 113

pterygoid hamulus

Back 113

hooked process on the inferior end of medial pterygoid plate

Front 114

pterygoid plates

Back 114

bony plates on the inferior aspect of sphenoid bone; site of attachement for chewing muscles

Front 115

styloid process

Back 115

site on temporal bone that is attachment site for tongue and hyoid bone muscles

Front 116

temporal lines

Back 116

where the temporalis muscle attaches to the parietal bone

Front 117

crista galli

Back 117

process in the anterior part of cranial vault (on the ethmoid bone) to which the dura matter attaches

Front 118

petrous portion of the temporal bone

Back 118

thick, interior part of the temporal bone containing middle and inner ear

Front 119

sella turica

Back 119

bony structure of the sphenoid bone in which pituitary gland sits

Front 120

bones connected by the coronal suture

Back 120

frontal and parietal

Front 121

bones connected by the sagittal suture

Back 121

parietal bones

Front 122

bones connected by the lamboid suture

Back 122

occipital and parietal bones

Front 123

mental foramen

Back 123

hole in anterior lateral manible

Front 124

bones connected by the squamous suture

Back 124

partietal bone and temporal bone

Front 125

vertebral foreman

Back 125

hole in each vertebra through which the spinal cord passes

Front 126

the lamina and the pedicle are part of which vertebral structure?

Back 126

vertebral arch

Front 127

the part of the verteba that articulates with other vertebra

Back 127

articular process

Front 128

intervertebral foramen

Back 128

lateral opening between vertebrae through which spinal nerves exit

Front 129

tip of shoulder

Back 129

acromion process

Front 130

articulation point between scapula and humerus

Back 130

glenoid cavity

Front 131

medial portion of humerus; articulates with ulna

Back 131

trochlea

Front 132

Lateral portion of humerus; articulates with radius

Back 132

capitulum

Front 133

muscle attachment site on distal humerus

Back 133

medial and lateral epicondyles

Front 134

proximal end of ulna that articulates with humerus

Back 134

trochlear notch

Front 135

elbow

Back 135

olecranon process

Front 136

finger bones

Back 136

phlanges

Front 137

what markings seperate the false pelvis from the true pelvis?

Back 137

iliopectineal lines

Front 138

joined process from temporal to zygomatic bone

Back 138

zygomatic arch

Front 139

calvaria

Back 139

upper dome of the skull

Front 140

what structure passes through the carotid canal?

Back 140

carotid artery and carotid sympathetic nerve plates

Front 141

what structure passes through the ethmoid foramina?

Back 141

ethmoid nerves

Front 142

what passes through the external auditory meatus?

Back 142

sound waves enrout to eardrum

Front 143

what structure passes through the foramen lacerum?

Back 143

foramen is filled with cartilage

Front 144

what structure passes through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone?

Back 144

spinal cord

Front 145

what structure passes through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone?

Back 145

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 146

what structure passes through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone?

Back 146

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Front 147

what structure passes through the foramen spinosum of the sphenoid bone?

Back 147

middle meningeal artery

Front 148

what structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Back 148

hypoglossal nerve

Front 149

what structure passes through the incisive foramen?

Back 149

incisive nerve

Front 150

what structure passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

Back 150

infraorbital nerve and zygomatic nerve

Front 151

what structure passes through the internal auditory meatus?

Back 151

facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 152

what structure passes through the jugular foreman?

Back 152

internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve