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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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support, storage of minerals (calcium reserve), storage of lipids (yellow-triglycerides), blood cell production(red marrow), protection, leverage(motion)
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What are bones classified by?
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Shape
Internal tissue organization (compact vs. spongy) Bone Markings (surface features, marks) |
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Whate are the different types of bone structures?
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Long bone
Short bone Irregular bone Flat bones |
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Long bones basic structure is:
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a shaft in the middle and two long ends, they are long & thin
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Where are long bones in the body?
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arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes
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Short bones basic structure are:
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small and thick-they are classified by size
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Where are short bones in the body?
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ankle and wrist
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Irregular bones basic structure are:
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very complex in shape
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Where are irregular bones in the body?
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spinal vertebrae, pelvic bones
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Flat bones basic structure are:
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thin with parallel surfaces
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Where are flat bones found in the body?
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skull, sternum, ribs, and scapulae
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Sesamoid bones are
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small and flat, they are special because they are not attached to another bones - found inside tendons near joints of knees, hands, and feet
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What are some bone markings?
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Depressions or grooves(along the bone surface), Projections (where tendons and ligaments attach-at articulations with other bones)
Tunnels-where blood and nerves enter the bones |
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Diaphysis-
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Long bone- the shaft made of a heavy wall of compact bone. It has a central space called medullary (marrow) cavity
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Epiphysis-
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Long bone - the wide part at each end, mostly spongy bone(calcellous), covered with compact bone(cortex)
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Metaphysis-
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Long bone- where the diaphysis & epiphysis meet
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Epispysial growth plate
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part of the long bone found in younger bone
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describe the structure of flat bone
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resembles a sandwich of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone
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Diploe
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within the cranium the layer of bone sandwiched between compact bone
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The periosteum has two layers; what do they contain?
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outer fibrous layer (dense CT)
Inner osterogenic layer contains: osteoblasts osteoclasts osteogenic cells |
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What gives bones the 'white color"
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periosteum
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What is the nutient foramina?
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the hole in periosteum where blood & lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers enter the bone
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How is the peiostum secured to underlying bone?
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by collagen fibers, Sharpleys fibers
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Describe the endosteum?
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you would see this with a frontal section; delicate membrane on internal surface of the bone; contains osteoblasts & osteoclasts
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What does the endosteum cover?
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trabeculae of spongy bone and lines canals that pass through compact bone
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Where is hematopoietic tissue located?
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Red marrow cavities:
adults - trabecular cavities of the heads of femurs & humerus, and the Diploe of flat bones Newborns: medullary cavities and all space in spongy bone |
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What % of bone mass do cells make?
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2 %
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What are the 4 types of bone cells?
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osteocytes
osteoblasts osteoprogenitor cells osteoclasts |
