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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteoma
neoplastic |
males
asymptomatic common @ facial bones, skull RAD SIGNS: round, dense lesion |
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osteosarcoma
neoplastic |
males 10-25
associated with paget's disease in elderly distal femur or proximal humerus RAD SIGNS: large, soft tissue mass with bony spikes inside sunburst pattern |
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Ewing's sarcoma
neoplastic |
mid-teens
bone marrow is site of origin painful soft tissue mass RAD SIGNS: destruction of central shaft of long bone (looks hollow) periosteal reaction |
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chondroma/endochondroma
neoplastic |
20s-30s
cartilaginous tumor common @ phalanges (upper or lower) RAD SIGNS: single or multiple tumours @ phalanges radiolucent (less dense) distortion of bony contour- looks fluffy |
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multiple myeloma
neoplastic |
men 40-70
malignancy of red marrow cells osteolytic lesions (can often be accompanied with compression #s) osteolytic lesions give "punched out" appearance of bone like someone took a bite out of it best seen on lateral skull occurs often @ flat bones (vertebrae, skull, ribs, pelvis) |
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bone cysts
neoplastic |
males
often @ femur or humerus can lead to pathological #'s RAD SINGS: radiolucent (< density) fluir filled cyst with obvious wall of fibrous tissue most often in central shaft of long bone; single oval shaped |
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hyperpituitarism
metabolic |
< puberty= gigantism / > puberty= acromegaly
RAD SIGNS: giantism- excessively large skeleton but remains proportional acromegaly- large hands, feet, face, ears, jaw large eroded sella, heart and kidneys |
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hyperparathyroidism
metabolic |
women 30-50
> PTH causes acceleration of bone reabsorption diffuse demineralization of bone; can lead to chronic renal failure RAD SIGNS: salt and pepper skull (not to be confused with multiple myeloma) grainy appearance of bones subperiosteal bone reabsorption in phalanx loss of cortical definition |
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gout
metabolic |
men > 30
> uric acid in the blood leads to crystalization in the joints, cartilage and kidneys painful @ first MTP RAD SIGNS: rat bite lesion of head of MT joint narrowing and destruction, soft tissue swelling large soft tissue lump |
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osteitis deformans aka PAGET's
metabolic |
males >40
weakened, deformed and brittle bones pelvis, femur, skull, tibia, vertebrae, clavicles, ribs destruction of bone followed by repairative phase-- thick, weak, deformed bones RAD SIGNS: lucency in destructive phase/ cotton ball in repair phase SPINE- enlarged vertebral bodies, thickened cortex like a picture frame PELVIS- thickened brim SKULL- mottled, cotton-wool appearance |
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osteomalacia (rickets in children)
metabolic |
caused by lack of vitamin D- insufficient mineralization of skeleton due to inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus
RAD SIGNS: loss of bone density, thinned cortex, > in cortices and bony trabecular bones are softened which can lead to bending as a result of weight bearing; bowing of pelvis, vertebrae thorax; and acetabulum caves in |
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osteoporosis
metabolic |
post menopausal women or > age
can be caused by poor nutrition RAD SIGNS: only evident after 30% mineral loss thinned cortex egg shell density of spine/pelvis; appears hollow anterior wedge or compression #'s |
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asceptic necrosis
metabolic |
males 4-10
Legg calce perthes disease / osteochondritis deformans walks with limp; can result in limb shortening RAD SIGNS: flattened femoral head; misaligned acetabulum |
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osteochondritis dissecans
metabolic |
Osgood schlatters
males 10-15 painful knees/shins RAD SIGNS: avulsion/incomplete separation of tibeal tuberosity (this is on anterior aspect of knee) |
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achondroplasia
congenital |
most common form of dwarfism
affects cartilage development @ the growth plates RAD SIGNS: scalloping (curved edge) @ posterior lumbar bodies short limbs; normal trunk short thick long bones with widened and flattened metaphysis |
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hip dysplasia
congenital |
caused by malformation of acetabulum
femoral head displaced SUPERIORLY & POSTERIORLY RAD SIGNS: Deformed hip joints placed on side of pelvis in adults, flattened femoral head |
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spina bifida
congenital |
incomplete closure of vertebral canal
most common @ lumbosacral area the nerves develop outside the body dimple or depression OR tuft of hair @ site of lesion RAD SIGNS: lamina absent or not fused; common @ L4, L5, S1 |
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osteogenesis imperfecta
congenital |
brittle bone disease
defect of osteoblastic activity + abnormal collagen synthesis skeletal structure does not support body weight #'s can happen from normal handling clinical signs include blue sclera of eye, shortened extremities, deformities RAD SIGNS: greenstick #s several healing #s- can look like stripes bending or bowing of long bones, thin cortices |
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osteopetrosis
congenital |
marble bone disease
reabsorption mechanism of calcified cartilage interferes with normal replacement by mature bone bones are heavy, compact and brittle b/c formation of marrow is prevented RAD SIGNS: solid, white bones may be clubbed @ ends long bones, vertebrae, pelvis, cranium show disease first |
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transitional vertebrae
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has characteristics of 2 different types
occurs @ major spinal divisions; no signs/symptoms L5-S1 : possible degenerative changes C7-T1 : nerve/vascular complications RAD SIGNS: L5- unilateral or bilateral expanded transverse process C7- rudimentary rib |
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osteoarthritis
degenerative |
most common form of arthritis affecting weight bearing joints
RAD SIGNS: narrowed joint space osteophytic (spur) development subluxation (misalignment) of joints Herberden's nodes on fingers (nobs on joints) |
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rheumatoid arthritis
degenerative |
chronic inflammatory collagen disease; autoimmune
more common in females RAD SIGNS: narrowed joint spaces eroded joint surfaces deformed joints subluxation of c1-c2 |
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ankylosing spondylitis
degenerative |
males > 30
form of RA "bamboo spine" occurs first @ SI joints then spinal column vertebral bodies appear square and discs calcify |
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osteomyelitis
degenerative |
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
usually caused by bacteria spread by blood stream ACUTE OM: tends to involve red marrow RAD SIGNS: Bone lucency (moth eaten) elevation of periosteum new bone callus along the shaft CHRONIC OM: treated w/ antibiotics or grafting RAD SIGNS: bone is thickened and sclerotic with irregular margins; cortex becomes dense |
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spondylolysis
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low back pain
cleft in pars interarticularis can be bilateral, bridge with cartilage L4-L5 fracture in the pars interarticularis |
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spondylolisthesis
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fracture in the interarticularis --- when the gap b/w the pars and vertebra widens and shifts up; this is spondylolisthesis
on vertebrae iw displaced forward over the one below most common @ L5-S1 |
