Skeletal Muscles - Origins, Insertions, Actions

Front 1

Masseter:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 1

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Mandibular angle
Action: Elevates mandible

Front 2

Temporalis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 2

Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

Front 3

Sternocleidomastoid:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 3

Origin: Manubrium of sternum; Sternal end of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process
Action: Laterally rotate and flex head (up and away); forced inhalation

Front 4

Buccinator

Back 4

Presses cheeks against teeth and lips (blowing or sucking)

Front 5

Orbicularis oris

Back 5

Closes and protrudes lips (kissing)

Front 6

Orbicularis oculi

Back 6

Closes eye

Front 7

Platysma

Back 7

Depresses mandible

Front 8

Trapezium:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 8

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Continuous insertion along acromion, spine of scapula, and lateral third of clavicle
Action: Raise, rotate and retract the scapula

Front 9

Serratus Anterior:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 9

Origin: Ribs 1-8
Insertion: Entire anterior surface of vertebral (medial) border of scapula
Action: Protract and hold scapula against chest wall

Front 10

Diaphragm

Back 10

Increases thoracic cavity (inhalation)

Front 11

External intercostals

Back 11

Elevates the ribs (inhalation)

Front 12

Internal intercostals

Back 12

Depresses the ribs (exhalation)

Front 13

Levator ani

Back 13

Supports pelvic viscera, elevates and retracts the anus

Front 14

Internal oblique

Back 14

Compress abdomen; flex, laterally flex, and rotate vertebral column

Front 15

External oblique

Back 15

Compress abdomen; flex, laterally flex and rotate vertebral column

Front 16

Transverse abdominis

Back 16

Compresses abdomen

Front 17

Rectus abdominis

Back 17

Compresses abdomen, Flexes vertebral column

Front 18

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Back 18

CT

Front 19

Inguinal ligament

Back 19

CT

Front 20

Linea alba

Back 20

CT

Front 21

Thoracolumbar fascia

Back 21

CT

Front 22

Biceps brachii: Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 22

Origin:
Short head -- coracoid process
Long head -- supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: Common tendon into radial tuberosity
Action: Flexes and supinates forearm; flexes arm

Front 23

Brachialis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 23

Origin: Front distal half of humerus; embraces insertion of deltoid
Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint
Action: Flexes forearm

Front 24

Brachioradialis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 24

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Styloid process of radius
Action: flexes forearm

Front 25

Deltoid:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 25

Origin: Embraces insertion of trapezius; acromial end of clavicle, spine, and acromion of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Arm abduction (when all fibers contract simultaneously)

Front 26

Latissimus dorsi:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 26

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, crests of sacrum and ilium
Insertion: Spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular suclus of humerus
Action: Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

Front 27

Pectoralis major

Back 27

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Arm flexion, adduction, and medial rotation

Front 28

Tripcs brachii:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 28

Origin:
Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head: posterior humerus
Medial Head: posterior, distal humerus
Insertion: by common tendon into olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends forearm and extends arm

Front 29

Subscapularis

Back 29

Medially rotates arm

Front 30

Supraspinatus

Back 30

Arm abduction

Front 31

Infraspinatus

Back 31

Laterally rotates and adducts arm

Front 32

Teres minor

Back 32

Laterally rotates, extends and adducts arm

Front 33

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 33

Extends and abducts hand

Front 34

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 34

Extends and adducts hand

Front 35

Extensor digitorum

Back 35

Extends phalanges

Front 36

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 36

Flexes and abducts hand

Front 37

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 37

Flexes and adducts hand

Front 38

Palmaris longus

Back 38

Flexes hand

Front 39

Flexor Retinaculum

Back 39

Wrist - Palm side

Front 40

Extensor Retinaculum

Back 40

Wrist - Back side of hand

Front 41

Gluteus maximum:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 41

Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial band
Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh

Front 42

Gluteus medius:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 42

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur
Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Front 43

Biceps femoris:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 43

Origin:
Long Head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera
Insertion: Common tendon into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee

Front 44

Semimembranosus:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 44

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: Extends and medially rotates thigh, flexes knee

Front 45

Semitendinosus:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 45

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: proximal, medial surface of tibia
Action: extends and medially rotates thigh, flexes knee

Front 46

Rectus femoris:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 46

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Extends leg, flexes thigh

Front 47

Vastus intermedius:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 47

Origin: Anterolateral surface of femur
Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Extends leg/knee

Front 48

Vastus lateralis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 48

Origin: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Extends leg/knee

Front 49

Vastus medialis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 49

Origin: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action: Extends leg/knee

Front 50

Gracilis:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 50

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: just inferior to medial condyle of tibia
Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

Front 51

Sartorius:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 51

Action: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Action: flexes leg; flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Front 52

Adductor magnus

Back 52

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates thigh

Front 53

Tensor fascia lata

Back 53

Action: Flexes and abducts thigh

Front 54

Gastrocnemius:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 54

Origin: by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action: plantar flexes foot; flexes leg/knee

Front 55

Soleus:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 55

Origin: head & proximal shaft of fibula, and superior tibia
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexes foot

Front 56

Tibialis anterior:
Origin/Insertion/Action

Back 56

Origin: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia
Insertion: Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone
Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Front 57

Peroneus (Fibularis) longus

Back 57

Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot

Front 58

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 58

Action: Dorsiflexion of foot, extension of phalanges

Front 59

iliotibial band

Back 59

CT

Front 60

Achilles' tendon

Back 60

CT

Front 61

Deep fascia lata of thigh

Back 61

CT