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88 Cards in this Set

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erector spinae


O: iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae and supraspinal ligament
I: angles of the ribs, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae, posterior aspect of the skull
A: extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head
N: segmentally innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
Iliocostalis


O iliac crest and sacrum
I angles of the ribs
A extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck
N dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5
Longissimus


O transverse process at inferior vertebral levels
I transverse process at superior vertebral levels and mastoid process
A extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head
N dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1
Spinalis


O spinous processes at inferior vertebral levels
I spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull
A extends and laterally bends trunk and neck
N dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3
biceps brachii


O short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I tuberosity of the radius
A flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates
N musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Brachialis


O anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa
I coronoid process of the ulna
A flexes the forearm
N musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Brachioradialis


O upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius
A flexes the elbow, assists in pronation/supination
N radial nerve
Deltoid


O lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula
I deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
A abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm
N axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
extensor carpi radialis longus


O lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base)
A extends the wrist; abducts the hand
N deep radial nerve
extensor carpi ulnaris


O common extensor tendon and the middle one-half of the posterior border of the ulna
I medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal
A extends the wrist; adducts the hand
N deep radial nerve
extensor digitorum


O common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
I extensor expansion of digits 2-5
A extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist
N deep radial nerve
flexor carpi radialis


O common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
I base of the second and third metacarpals
A flexes the wrist, abducts the hand
N median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris


O: common flexor tendon and (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon and upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
A: flexes wrist, adducts hand
N: ulnar nerve
flexor digitorum superficialis


O: humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of radius
I: shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
N: median nerve
Infraspinatus


O: infraspinatous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)
A: laterally rotates the arm
N: suprascapular nerve
latissimus dorsi


O: vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the scapula
I: floor of the intertubercular groove
A: extends the arm and rotates the arm medially
N: thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

levator scapulae


O: transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
I: medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
A: elevates the scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 and C4
palmaris longus


O: common flexor tendon, from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis
A: flexes the wrist
N: median nerve
pectoralis major


O: medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from the rectus sheath of the upper abdominal wall
I: crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
A: flexes and adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
pectoralis minor


O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of the scapula
A: draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward
N: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
pronator teres


O: common flexor tendon and (deep or ulnar head) from medial side of coronoid process of the ulna
I: midpoint of the lateral side of the shaft of the radius
A: pronates the forearm
N median nerve
rhomboideus major


O: spines of vertebrae T2-T5
I: medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
A: retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
rhomboideus minor


O: inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
I: medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
A: retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
serratus anterior


O: ribs 1-8 or 9
I: medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface
A: it draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly
N: long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7)
Subscapularis


O: medial two-thirds of the costal surface of the scapula (subscapular fossa)
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
A: medially rotates the arm; assists extention of the arm
N: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)
Supraspinatus


O: supraspinatous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus (highest facet)
A: abducts the arm (initiates abduction)
N: suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
teres major


O: dorsal surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
I: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
A: adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm, assists in arm extension
N: lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
teres minor


O: upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest facet)
A: laterally rotates the arm
N: axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Trapezius


O: medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
I: lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine
A: elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula
N: motor spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4
triceps brachii


O: long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; lateral head: posterolateral humerus and lateral intermuscular septum; medial head: posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus
I: olecranon process of the ulna
A: extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm
N: radial nerve
Buccinators


O: pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth
I: angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips
A: pulls the corner of mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth
N: buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
depressor labii inferioris


O: anterior surface of the mandible
I: skin of the lower lip
A: depresses the lower lip
N: marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)
Digastric


O: anterior belly: digastric fossa of the mandible; posterior belly: mastoid notch of the temporal bone
I: body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon
A: elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
N: anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V); posterior belly: facial nerve (VII)
Epicranius


O: frontalis: galea aponeurotica; occipitalis: superior nuchal line
I: frontalis: skin of the eyebrows; occipitalis: galea aponeurotic a
A: elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
N: frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII); occipitalis: posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII)
Geniohyoid


O: mental spines of the mandible
I: body of the hyoid bone
A: elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
N: ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1 via fibers carried by the hypoglossal nerve
Hyoglossus


O: upper border of the greater horn of the hyoid and body of the hyoid bone
I: spreads out into the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
A: depresses the sides of the tongue; retracts the tongue
N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)
levator labii superioris


O: inferior margin of the orbit
I: skin of the upper lip
A: elevates the upper lip
N: buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
levator scapulae


O: transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae
I: medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
A: elevates scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 and C4 spinal nerves
Masseter


O: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I: lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
A: elevates the mandible
N: nerve to the masseter, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
Mentalis


O: anterior surface of the mandible near the mental symphysis (midline)
I: skin of the chin
A: elevates the skin of chin
N: the facial nerve (VII)
Mylohyoid


O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone
A: elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue; depresses the mandible
N: trigeminal nerve (V)
Omohyoid


O: inferior belly: upper border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch; superior belly: intermediate tendon
I: inferior belly: intermediate tendon; superior belly: lower border of the hyoid bone lateral to the sternohyoid insertion
A: depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
N: ansa cervicalis
orbicularis oculi


O: orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament
I: orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral rap he
A: closes the eyelids
N: facial nerve (VII)
orbicularis oris


O: skin and fascia of lips and the area surrounding the lips
I: skin and fascia of the lips
A: purses the lips
N: facial nerve (VII)
Platysma


O: fascia overlying the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
I: inferior border of the mandible and skin of lower face
A: draws the corners of the mouth down; it aids in depression of the mandible
N: facial nerve (VII)
Risorius


O: fascia of the lateral cheek
I: skin of the angle (corner) of the mouth
A: draws the corner of the mouth laterally
N: facial nerve (VII)
Sternocleidomastoid


O: sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium; clavicular head: medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
I: mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line
A: draws the mastoid process down toward the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the opposite side; acting together, the muscles of the two sides flex the neck
N: spinal accessory nerve (XI)
Sternohyoid


O: posterior surfaces of both the manubrium and sternal end of the clavicle
I: lower border of the hyoid bone, medial to the omohyoid m. insertion
A: depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
N: ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid


O: posterior surface of the manubrium below the origin of the sternohyoid m.
I: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
A: depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone


N: ansa cervicalis


Styloglossus


O: anterior side of the styloid process
I: posterolateral side of the tongue
A: retracts and elevates the tongue
N: hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Stylohyoid


O: posterior side of the styloid process
I: splits around the intermediate tendon of the digastric m. to insert on the body of the hyoid bone
A: elevates and retracts the hyoid bone
N: facial nerve (VII)
Temporalis


O: temporal fossa and the temporal fascia
I: coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible
A: elevates the mandible; retracts the mandible (posterior fibers)
N: trigeminal nerve (V)
Thyrohyoid


O: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
I: lower border of the hyoid bone
A: elevates the larynx; depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
N: ansa cervicalis

zygomaticus major


O: upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
I: skin of the angle of the mouth
A: elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally
N: zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
zygomaticus minor


O: lower surface of the zygomatic bone
I: lateral part of the upper lip
A: elevates the upper lip
N: buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Diaphragm


O: xiphoid process, costal margin, fascia over the quadratus lumborum and psoas major, vertebral bodies L1-L3
I: central tendon of the diaphragm
A: pushes the abdominal viscera inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (inspiration)
N: phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
external intercostal


O: lower border of a rib within an intercostal space
I: upper border of the rib below, coursing, downward and medially
A: keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration
N: intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
internal intercostal


O: upper border of a rib
I: lower border of rib above, coursing up and medially
A: keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration
N: intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
external abdominal oblique


O: lower 8 ribs
I: linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine and anterior half of iliac crest
A: flexes and laterally bends the trunk
N: intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
internal abdominal oblique


O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
I: lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest
A: flexes and laterally bends the trunk
N: intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
psoas major


O: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
A: flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
psoas minor


O: bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae
I: iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic ramus
A: flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N: branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2
rectus abdominis


O: pubis and the pubic symphysis
I: xiphoid process of the sternum and costal cartilages 5-7
A: flexes the trunk
N: intercostal nerves 7-11 and subcostal nerve
transversus abdominis


O: lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
I: linea alba, pubic crest and pecten of the pubis
A: compresses the abdomen
N: intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
adductor brevis


O: inferior pubic ramus
I: pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)
A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
N: anterior division of the obturator nerve
adductor longus


O: medial portion of the superior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera of the femur
A: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
N: anterior division of the obturator nerve
adductor magnus


O ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
 linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur
A adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part)
N posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)
biceps femoris

O long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
 head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
A extends the thigh, flexes the leg
N long head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor digitorum longus

O lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane
 dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx, lateral slips on base of distal phalanx)
A extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the lateral 4 toes
N deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
flexor digitorum longus

O middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia
 bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5; plantar flexes the foot
N tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius

O femur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral condyle
 dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon
A flexes leg; plantar flexes foot
N tibial nerve
gluteus maximus

O posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
 upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur
A extends the thigh; laterally rotates the femur
N inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius

O external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
 greater trochanter of the femur
A abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh
N superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus

O external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
 greater trochanter of the femur
A abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh
N superior gluteal nerve
Gracilis

O pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus
 medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)
A adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg
N anterior division of the obturator nerve
Iliopsoas

O iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
 lesser trochanter of the femur
A flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerve
psoas major

O bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
 lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
A flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
psoas minor

O bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae
 iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic ramus
A flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
N branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2
rectus femoris

O straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of the acetabulum
 patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)
A extends the leg, flexes the thigh
N femoral nerve
Semimembranosus

O upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity
 medial condyle of the tibia
A extends the thigh, flexes the leg
N tibial nerve
Semitendinosus

O lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris m.)
 medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)
A extends the thigh, flexes the leg
N tibial nerve
Soleus

O posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia
 dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon
A plantar flexes the foot
N tibial nerve
tensor fasciae latae

O anterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine
 iliotibial tract
A flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh
N superior gluteal nerve
tibialis anterior

O lateral tibial condyle and the upper lateral surface of the tibia
 medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal
A dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
N deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
vastus intermedius

O anterior and lateral surface of the femur
 patella
A extends the leg
N femoral nerve
vastus lateralis

O lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity
 patella and medial patellar retinaculum
A extends leg
N femoral nerve
vastus medialis


O medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera
 patella and medial patellar retinaculum
A extends leg
N femoral nerve
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa and crest, ala of sacrum
I: lesser trochanter of femur or via iliopsoas tendon
A: prime mover for flexing the thought I, or for flexing trunk on thigh
N: femoral nerve