Skeletal Muscles (Comments, Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve)

Front 1

Trapezius

Back 1

C: Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax; very broad origin and insertion
O: occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12
I: Clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine
A: Adducts scapula and stabalizes it, superior fibers shrug shoulders, inferior fibers depress shoulders, extends and laterally flexes neck
N: Accessory (cranial nerve XI)

Front 2

Coracobrachialis

Back 2

C: flexor
O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: midshaft of humerus
A: Adducts arm and flexes shoulder
N: Musculocutaneous

Front 3

Pectoralis major

Back 3

C: flexor, lg. fan shaped muscle covering upper portion of chest
O: clavicle, sternum, superior six costal cartilages, ann abdominal aponeurosis
I: Lateral crest of intertubercular groove
A: Flexes shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm; extends shoulder from flexed position, with arm fixed pulls chest upward thus also acts in forced inspiration
N: Medial and lateral pectoral

Front 4

Teres major

Back 4

C: Extensor, located inferiorly to teres minor
O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Medial crest of intertubercular groove
A: Extends shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm, synergist to latissimus dorsi
N: lower subscapular C5 & C6

Front 5

Latissimus dorsi

Back 5

C: Extensor; broad, flat muscle of lower back (lumbar); extensive superficial origins

A: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm; depressses scapula; brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow
N: Thoracodorsal

Front 6

Deltoid

Back 6

C: Abductor; fleshy triangular muscle forming shoulder muscle mass; intramuscular injection site
O: Clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine
I: Deltoid tuberosity
A: Acting as a whole, prime mover of arm abduction; when only specific fibers are active, can aid in flexion, extension and rotation of humerus
N: Axillary

Front 7

Supraspinatus

Back 7

C: Abductor; obscured by trapezius; a rotator cuff muscle
O: Supraspinus fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Abducts arm; holds head of humerus in place
N: Suprascapular C5 & C6

Front 8

Subscapularis

Back 8

C: Rotator
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medially rotates arm; holds head of humerus in place
N: Upper and lower subscapular C5 & C6

Front 9

Infraspinatus

Back 9

C: Rotator; partially covered by deltoid and trapezius
O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotates arm; hold head of humerus in place
N: Suprascapular C5 & C6

Front 10

Teres minor

Back 10

C: Rotator; small muscle inferior to infraspinatus
O: Lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Laterally rotates and adducts arm; holds head of humerus in place
N: Axillary C5 & C6

Front 11

Biceps brachii

Back 11

C: flexor
O: Long head--supraglenoid tubercle, short head-- coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
A: Flexes shoulder and powerful flexion of elbow; supinates forearm and hand "It turns the corkscrew and pulls the cork"
N: Musculocutaneous

Front 12

Brachialis

Back 12

C: Flexor; immediately deep to biceps brachii
O: Distal portion of anterior humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid processs of ulna
A: flexes elbow
N: musculocutaneous and radial

Front 13

Brachioradialis

Back 13

C: Flexor; superficial muscle of lateral forearm; formas lateral boundary of antecubital fossa
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus
I: Styloid process of radius
A: Flexes elbow
N: Radial

Hint 13

its brachioRADIALIS, therefore you should be able to guess the nerve...

Front 14

Triceps brachii

Back 14

C: Extensor; sole large fleshy muscle of posterior humerus; 3-headed origin
O: Long head--infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head--posterior humerus
medial head--distal radial groove on posterior humerus
I: Olecranon process of ulna
A: powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors (brachialis and biceps brachii)
N: Radial

Front 15

Supinator

Back 15

C: supinator (obviously!!) Deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna
I: Radius
A: acts with biceps brachii to supinate forearm; acts as antagonist to pronator muscles
N: Radial

Front 16

Pronator teres

Back 16

C: Pronator; seen in a superficial view between proximal margins of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I: Radius
A: Acts synergistically with pronator quadratus to pronate forearm; weak elbow flexor
N: Median

Front 17

Pronator quadratus

Back 17

C: Pronator; deepest muscle of distal forearm
O: Distal ulna
I: Distal radial
A: pronates forearm
N: Anterior interosseous

Front 18

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 18

C: flexor of wrist; superficial; runs diagonally across forearm
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Base of metacarpals 2 and 3
A: Powerful flexor of wrist; abducts hand
N: Median

Front 19

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 19

C: flexor of wrist; superficial, medial posterior forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna
I:Pisiform, hamate and metacarpal 5
A: flexes and adducts wrist
N: ulnar

Front 20

Palmaris longus

Back 20

C: flexor of wrist; small fleshy muscle with a long tendon; medial to flexor carpi radialis
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Palmar aponeurosis
A: Tenses palmar fascia; flexes wrist
N: Median

Front 21

Flexor digitorum profundus

Back 21

C: flexor of wrist; deep muscle; overlain entirely by flexor digitorum superficialis
O: Ulna
I: distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: sole muscle that flexes distal phalanges; assists in wrist flexion
N: Ulnar and median

Hint 21

profundus= profound, deep and distal so it has 2 nerves

Front 22

Flexor digitorium superficials

Back 22

C: flexor of wrist; deeper muscle, visible at distal end of forearm
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process, and radius
I: Middle phalanges of digist 2-5
A: Flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
N: Median

Front 23

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Back 23

C: Extensor of wrist; superficial; parallels brachioradialus on lateral forearm
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
A: Extends and abducts wrist
N: Radial

Front 24

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Back 24

C: extensor of wrist; deep to extensor carpi radialis longus
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: Extends and abducts wrist; steadies wrist during finger flexion
N: Radial

Front 25

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 25

C: Extensor of wrist; superficial, medial posterior forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: Extends and adducts wrist
N: Radial

Front 26

Extensor digitorum

Back 26

C: extensor of wrist; superficial, medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: By four tendons into distal phlanges of digits 2-5
A: Prime mover of finger extension; extends wrist; can flare (adduct) fingers
N: Radial

Front 27

Iliopsoas
Psoas major
&
Iliacus

Back 27

C: 2 closely related muscles; fibers pass under inguinal ligament to insert into femur via a common tendon, iliacus is more lateral
O: Iliacus--iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum
Psoas major-- transverse processes, bodies, and discs of T12 and lumbar vertebrae
I: On and just below lesser trochanter of femur
A: Flex hip; flex trunk on thigh; flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)
N: lumbar plexus and femoral nerve

Front 28

What are the functions of the Latissimus dorsi?

Back 28

adduct, extend, and medially rotate humerus about the shoulder joint.
Can also move pelvis--this is important for paraplegics

Front 29

Iliopsoas

Back 29

C:Consists of 2 closely related muscles
iliacus and psoas major
fibers pass under inguinal ligament to insert into femur via a common tendon; iliacus is more lateral
Iliacus O: iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum
Psoas major O: transverse processes, bodies and discs of T12 and lumbar vertebrae
I: on and just below lessor trochanter of femur
A: flex hip; flex trunk on thigh; flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas)
N: Lumbar plexus

Front 30

Gluteus maximus

Back 30

C: Largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles; important injection site
O: Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
A: Extends hip abducts and laterally rotates thigh; antagonist to iliopsoas
N: Inferior gluteal

Front 31

Gluteus minimus

Back 31

C: Smallest and deepest gluteal muscle
O: Posterior surface of ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; tilts pelvis toward supported side
N: Superior gluteal

Front 32

Gluteus medius

Back 32

C: Partially covered by gluteus maximus; important injection site
O: Posterior surface of ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; tilts pelvis toward supported side; steadies pelvis during walking
N: Superior gluteal

Front 33

tensor fasciae latae

Back 33

C: Enclosed between fascia layers of thigh
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Through iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia
A: Tenses lateral fascia and stabilizes femur on tibia when standing; flexes hip; abducts and medially rotates thigh; tilts pelvis, steadies trunk
N: Superior gluteal

Front 34

Adductor longus and Adductor magnus

Back 34

C: Large muscle mass forming medial aspect of thigh; arise from front of pelvis and insert at various levels on femur
O: Magnus--ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
Longus--pubis near pubic symphysis
I: Magnus--linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Longus--linea aspera
A: Adduct and medially rotate thigh; posterior part of magnus is also a synergist in thigh extension
N: Adductor part--obturator
hamstring part--tibial

Hint 34

Adductor magnus is part of what? helps with nerve and function.

Front 35

Gracilis

Back 35

C: Straplike superficial muscle of medial thigh
O: Pubis near symphysis
I: Tibia
A: Adducts thigh; flexes knee
flexes and medially rotates leg especially during walking
N: obturator

Hint 35

Gracilis helps you GO, supplied by the O nerve (also a hint for one of the functions)

Front 36

Biceps femoris

Back 36

C: Hamstring; most lateral of group, arises from 2 heads
O: Long head-- ischial tuberosity
short head--femur
I: Head of fibula; lateral condyle of tibia
A: Flexes knee; laterally rotates leg; extends hip
N: long head--tibial
short head--common fibular (peroneal)

Hint 36

For nerve it's backwards "long" head has shorter nerve and "short" head has longer word

Front 37

Semitendinosus

Back 37

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Tibia
A: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; extends hip
N: Tibial

Front 38

Semimembranosus

Back 38

O: Ischial turberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia and collateral ligament
A: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; tenses capsule of knee joint; extends hip, aids in extending thigh
N: tibial part of sciatic nerve

Front 39

Sartorius

Back 39

C: Straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee--longest muscle in body
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity
A: Flexes hip and knee; rotates thigh laterally and leg medially
N: Femoral

Front 40

What does Quadraceps femoris group consist of?

Back 40

Consists of
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius

Front 41

Rectus femoris

Back 41

C: superficial muscle of thigh; runs straight down thigh; only muscle of group to cross hip joint
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
I: Tibial tuberosity and patella
A: Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
N: Femoral

Front 42

Vastus lateralis

Back 42

C: Forms lateral aspect of thigh
O: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line and linea aspera
I: Tibila tuberosity and patella
A: Extends and stabalizes knee
N: Femoral

Front 43

Vastus medialis

Back 43

C: Forms inferomedial aspect of thigh
O: Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line
I: Tibial tuberosity and patella
A: Extends knee; stabalizes patella
N: Femoral

Front 44

Vastus intermedius

Back 44

C: Obscured by rectus femoris; lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh
O: Anterior and lateral surface of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity and patella
A: Extends knee
N: Femoral

Front 45

Tibialis anterior

Back 45

C: Superficial muscle of anterior leg; parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia
O: Lateral condyle oand upper 2/3 of tibia; interosseous membrane
I: By tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal 1
A: Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; supports longitudinal arch of foot
N: peroneal (deep)

Front 46

Fibularis peroneus longus

Back 46

C: Superficial lateral muscle; overlies fibula
O: Head and upper portion of fibula
I: By long tendon under foot to metartarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
A: Plantar flexes and everts foot; helps keep foot flat on the ground
N: peroneal (superficial)

Front 47

Fibularis peroneus brevis

Back 47

C: smaller muscle; deep to fibularis longus
O: Distal portion of fibula shaft
I: By tendon running behind lateral malleolus to insert on proximal end of metatarsal 5
A: Plantar flexes and everts foot, as part of peronei group
N: peroneal (superficial)

Front 48

Gastrocnemius

Back 48

C: Superficial muscle of pair; two prominant bellies
O: By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flexes foot when knee is extended ; crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed.
N: Tibial

Front 49

Soleus

Back 49

C: Deep to gastrocnemius
O: Proximal portion of tibia and fivula; interosseous membrane
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: Plantar flexion; is an important muscle for locomotion
N: Tibial

Front 50

Popliteus

Back 50

Posterior deep compartment of leg
A: Flexes knee; medially rotates leg
N: Tibial

Front 51

Plantaris

Back 51

O: Femur
I: Through calcaneal (achilles) tendon to calcaneus
A: Plantar flexes foot; flexes knee
N: Tibial