Skeletal Muscles 1

Front 1

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION (3)

Back 1

Orbicularis Oculi
Nasalis
Orbicularis Oris

Front 2

Orbicularis Oculi

Back 2

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
* innervated by CN VII
* surrounds eye orbit
* function: closing the eyes

Front 3

Nasalis

Back 3

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
* innervated by CN VII
* bridges over the nose
* function: to flare nostrils (esp. when you breathe in really hard)

Front 4

Orbicularis Oris

Back 4

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
* innervated by CN VII
* surrounds the oral fissure, mouth
* function: close and purse lips

Front 5

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION (4)

Back 5

Temporalis
Massetor
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

Front 6

Temporalis

Back 6

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
* innervated by CN V
* from temporal fossa to coronoid process of mandible
* function: elevation of mandible

Front 7

Massetor

Back 7

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
* innervated by CN V
* from zygomatic arch to mandible
* function: elevation of mandible and clenching teeth

Front 8

Lateral Pterygoid

Back 8

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
* innervated by CN V
* from sphenoid bone to condyle of mandible and articular disc of temporomandibular joint
* function: protrusion of mandible and side-to-side movement

Front 9

Medial Pterygoid

Back 9

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
* innervated by CN V
* from sphenoid bone to mandible
* function: elevation of mandible and side-to-side movement

Front 10

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

Back 10

* total seven in number
* innervated by CN III, IV and VI
* function: move the eyeball in different directions or elevate the upper eyelid

Front 11

PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES (2)

Back 11

Stylopharyngeus
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
* all pharyngeal muscles innervated by CN X, except stylopharyngeus

Front 12

Stylopharyngeus

Back 12

PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES
* longitudinal muscle
* function: shorten the pharynx and elevate larynx

Front 13

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

Back 13

PHARYNGEAL MUSCLES
* circular constrictor muscles
* innervated by CN X
* function: constrcit pharynx

Front 14

MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE

Back 14

Soft Palate Muscles
* innervated by CN X
* mainly from cranial base and to soft palate
* function: elevate or depress the soft palate or stretch it to the sides

Front 15

MUSCLES OF TONGUE (3)

Back 15

Genioglossus (intrinsic)
Styloglossus (extrinsic)
Hyoglossus (extrinsic)

Front 16

Genioglossus

Back 16

MUSCLES OF TONGUE
* intrinsic muscle
* innervated by CN XII

Front 17

Styloglossus

Back 17

MUSCLES OF TONGUE
* extrinsic muscle
* innervated by CN XII

Front 18

Hyoglossus

Back 18

MUSCLES OF TONGUE
* extrinsic muscle
* innervated by CN XII
* arise from hyoid

Front 19

MUSCLES OF LARYNX

Back 19

* all innervated by CN X
* intrinsic muscles move laryngeal cartilages, changing tensions of vocal cords.
* extrinsic muscles: suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles elevating or depressing the larynx.

Front 20

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK (3)

Back 20

Infrahyoid muscles
Suprahyoid muscles
Sternocleidomastoid

Front 21

Infrahyoid muscles

Back 21

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK
* four on both sides
* innervated by ansa cerficalis
* from sternum, insert to larynx or all the way to hyoid or thyroid cartilage

Front 22

Suprahyoid muscles

Back 22

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK
* innervated by CN V and VII
* from temporal bone or mandible to hyoid bone
* function: elevate hyoid and layrynx and depress mandible

Front 23

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 23

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK
* innervated by CN XI
* from sternum and clavicle to mastoid process of temporal bone
* function: extends neck and contralaterally rotate head

Front 24

DEEP MUSCLES OF THE NECK (2)

Back 24

Scalene muscles
Prevertebral muscles

Front 25

Scalene Muscles

Back 25

DEEP MUSCLES OF THE NECK
* three on both sides
* innervated by anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
* from transverse process of cervical vertebrae to first or second ribs
* function: elevate first two ribs or laterally flex the neck

Front 26

Prevertebral Muscles

Back 26

DEEP MUSCLES OF THE NECK
* innervated by anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
* stretched between upper thoracic or cervical vertebrae, inserted to upper cervical vertebrae or occipital bone
* function: flex the head and neck

Front 27

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES (2)

Back 27

Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi

Front 28

Trapezius

Back 28

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by CN XI
* from spinous process of ervical/thoracic vertebrae and occipital bone, to spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle
* function: elevation, retraction and depression of the shoulder

Front 29

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 29

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by thoracodorsal nerve, branch of brachial plexus
* from lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest to intertubercular groove of humerus
* function: main mover of shoulder (extension) and arm adduction

Front 30

INTERMEDIATE BACK MUSCLES (2)

Back 30

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

Front 31

Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 31

INTERMEDIATE BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by 2nd to 5th intercostal muscles
* from vertebrae CV II to T III
* function: elevation of ribs II to V

Front 32

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 32

INTERMEDIATE BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by 9th to 11th intercostal nerves
* from Vertebrae T XI to L II
* function: depression of ribs IX to XII

Front 33

DEEP BACK MUSCLES (2)

Back 33

Errector Spinae muscle
Transversospinalis muscles

Front 34

Errector Spinae Muscle

Back 34

DEEP BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by posterior rami of the spinal nerves
* stretches from sacrum to base of the skull attaching to all bones in between)
* function:

Front 35

Trasversospinalis muscle

Back 35

DEEP BACK MUSCLES
* innervated by posterior rami of the spinal nerves
* from transverse process to spinous process of vertebrae
* function: extension and rotation of vertebral column

Front 36

MUSCLES OF THORAX

Back 36

Pectoralis Major
Serratus Anterior

Front 37

Pectoralis Major

Back 37

MUSCLES OF THORAX
* innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves
* from clavicle and sternum to intertubercular groove of humerus
* function: adduction and medial rotation of shoulder joint

Front 38

Serratus Anterior

Back 38

MUSCLES OF THORAX
* innervated by long thoracic nerve
* from ribs I to IX, inserted to medial border of scapula anteriorly.
* function: stabilizes scapula against the thorax and abduct the scapula.

Front 39

External Intercostal

Back 39

* innervated by intercostal nerves
* from inferior border of rib above to superior border of the rib below
* function: elevation of the rib below

Front 40

Internal intercostal

Back 40

* innervated by intercostal nerves
* from superior border of the rib below, to inferior border of the rib above
* function: Depression of the rib above

Front 41

Innermost intercostal

Back 41

* innervated by intercostal nerves
* from internal surface of the rib below, to internal surface of the rib above
* function: depression of the rib above

Front 42

Diaphragm

Back 42

* innervated by phrenic nerve
* from lower 6 ribs, to central tendon of diaphragm
* function: expansion of thoracic cavity outwardly

Front 43

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN (4)

Back 43

External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominal
Rectus abdominis

Front 44

External abdominal oblique

Back 44

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN
* innervated by anterior rami T7 - T12
* from lower eight ribs to iliac crest, pubic bone and linea alba
* function: compression of abdominal viscera, flexion and contralateral rotation of trunk

Front 45

Internal abdominal oblique

Back 45

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN
* innervated by anterior rami T7 to L1
* from iliac crest and inguinal ligament to lower four ribs and linea alba
* function: compression of abdominal viscera, flexion and ipsilateral rotation of trunk

Front 46

Transverse abdominal muscle

Back 46

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN
* innervated by anterior rami of T7 to L1
* from iliac crest, inguinal ligament and lower six ribs to linea alba
* function: compression of the abdominal viscera

Front 47

Rectus abdominalis

Back 47

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN
* innervated by anterior rami T7 - T12
* from pubic bone and pubic symphysis to xiphoid process and costal cartilages V to VII
* function: compression of abdominal viscera and flexion of the trunk

Front 48

MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

Back 48

iliacus major
psoas
(together called iliopsoas)

Front 49

Iliacus

Back 49

MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
* innervated by femoral nerve
* from iliac fossa of hip bone to lesser trochanter of femur
* function: flexion of hip joint

Front 50

Psoas major

Back 50

MUSCLES OF POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
* innervated by anterior rami of L1-L3
* from lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter of femur
* function: flexion of hip joint

Front 51

MUSCLES OF PELVIS

Back 51

Pelvic Diaphragm
* Levator ani
* Coccygeus muscle

Front 52

Pelvic Diaphragm

Back 52

* innervated by branches from the sacral plexus
* completely seals inferior pelvic aperature
* two openings: urethra and anal canal
* composed of two muscles: Levator ani and Coccygeus muscle
* function: support the weight of the pelvic viscera

Front 53

Levator Ani

Back 53

* from inner surface of pelvic bone
* its anterior fibers merge with the fibers of the opposite side
* its posterior fibers insert to coccynx and sacrum

Front 54

Coccygeus Muscle

Back 54

* from ischial spine to coccynx and sacrum

Front 55

PERINEAL MUSCLES

Back 55

Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
External Anal Sphincter

Front 56

Bulbospongiosus

Back 56

PERINEAL MUSCLES
* innervated by pudendal muscles of sacral plexus
* from pelvic bone and attach to the root of external genitalia
* function: squeezes the urethra to drain the last drops of urine
* in females: left and right bulbospongiosus do not join together to provide the passage for vagina

Front 57

Ischiocavernosus

Back 57

PERINEAL MUSCLES
* innervated by pudendal muscles of sacral plexus
* from pelvic bone and attach to the root of external genitalia
* function: maintains erection in males

Front 58

External Anal Sphincter

Back 58

PERINEAL MUSCLES
* innervated by pudendal muscles of sacral plexus
* concentric layers of anus controlling passage of feces through the anal canal