Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

Front 1

1. What are the muscles of facial expression?

Back 1

Platysma
Orbicularis oculi
Epicranius(Occipitofrontalis)
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus

POEBOZ

All are innervated by the facial nerve(VII)

Front 2

2. What are the muscles of mastication?

Back 2

Massetter
Lateral Pterygoid
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid

MLTM

Front 3

3. What nerve innervates the muscles mentioned in question 2?

Back 3

The mandibular nerve(V3) of the trigeminal(CN5).

Front 4

4. List the three muscles involved in closing the jaw?

Back 4

Massetter, Temporalis and the medial pterygoid.

Front 5

5. Which muscle is responsible for opening the jaw?

Back 5

Lateral pterygoid.

Front 6

6. List two important neck muscles.

Back 6

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

Front 7

7. List two flexor muscles acting on the shoulder.

Back 7

Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major.

Front 8

8. Regarding shoulder muscles, list two extensors.

Back 8

Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

Front 9

9. List two abductors of the shoulder.

Back 9

Deltoid
Supraspinatous

Front 10

10. What are the three shoulder rotators?
(Cuff)

Back 10

Subscapularis
Infraspinatous
Teres minor

Front 11

11. List three flexor muscles that act on the elbow joint.

Back 11

Biceps brachi
Brachialis
Brachoradialis

Front 12

12. The triceps is an extensor muscle that acts on the elbw joint. True/False

Back 12

True.

Front 13

13. List two supinator muscles that act on the elbow joint.

Back 13

Biceps brachi
Supinator

Front 14

14. List three pronator muscles acting on the elbow joint.

Back 14

Pronator
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

Front 15

15. What is the cubitus fossa?

Back 15

It is the triangular area in front of the elbow.

Front 16

16. What are the lateral and medial muscular boundaries of the cubital fossa?

Back 16

Laterally-brachioradialis
Medially-pronator teres muscle

Front 17

17. List the 4 important contents of the cubital fossa.

Back 17

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum

Front 18

18. Where is the anatomical snuffbox located?

Back 18

The lateral surface of the wrist,

Front 19

19. What are the tendon boundaries of the snuffbox?

Back 19

Laterally- tendons of extensor pollicus brevis
Abductus pollicus longus

Medially- tendon of the extensor pollicus longus

Front 20

20. What is the major vascular content of the snuffbox?

Back 20

The radial artery.

Front 21

21. Starting from the skin, what are the layers of the abdominal wall?

Back 21

Skin
Camper's fascia-fatty
Scarpa's fascia-fibrous
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Tranversalis fascia
Preperitoneal fat
Peritoneum

Front 22

22. List 4 important muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.

Back 22

Rectus abdominus
Ext. oblique
Int oblique
Transversus abdominis-(compresses abdomen).

Front 23

23. What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

Back 23

Flexes spine and constricts abdomen

Front 24

24. What is the anterolateral wall function of the rectus abdominis?

Back 24

Both obliques rotate and laterally flex the trunk

Front 25

25. Regarding the abdominal wall, list 4 important posterior muscles.

Back 25

Psoas
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum
Diaphragm

Front 26

26. What is the function of the Psoas?

Back 26

Flexor of thigh and trunk

Front 27

27. What is the function of the Iliacus?

Back 27

Flexor of thigh and trunk.

Front 28

28. What is the function of the Quadratus lumborum?

Back 28

Flexor of thigh and trunk/accessory muscle of respiration.

Front 29

29. What is the function of the diaphragm?

Back 29

It is the principle muscle of respiration.

Front 30

30. The posterior abdominal muscles are also referred to as the prevertebral muscles. True/False

Back 30

True.

Front 31

31. What is intended by postvertebral muscles?

Back 31

Deep muscles, intrinsic, paraspinal or true back muscles.

Front 32

32. What are the three layers of the postvertebral muscles?

Back 32

Deepest and shortest
Intermediate
Superficial and longest

Front 33

33. What muscles make up the deepest and shortest of the postvertebral group?

Back 33

Interspinalis
Intertransversarii

Front 34

34. Of the postvertebral group which muscles make up the intermediate and the superficial and longest?

Back 34

Intermediate-Transversospinalis
Superficial and longest- Erector spinae

Front 35

35. What is the function of the postvertebral muscle group?

Back 35

Extensors of the spine.

Front 36

36. List 2 important Extrinsic muscles of the back.

Back 36

Serratus posterior inferior
Latissimus dorsi

Front 37

37. What is the function of the Serratus posterior inferior?

Back 37

Depresses lower ribs during inspiration.

Front 38

38. What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?

Back 38

Adduct, extend, and medially rotate the humerus about the shoulder joint.
It can also move the pelvis. This is important for paraplegics

Front 39

39. List all the muscles acting on the hip joint and additionally move the leg.

Back 39

Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
Tensor fascia latae
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Biceps femoris
Semitendiosus
Semimembrinosus
Sartorius
Quadraceps femoris group

Front 40

40. Regarding muscles of the thigh,list 4 muscles located within the anterior compartment.

Back 40

Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Quadraceps femoris

Front 41

41. What is the essential nerve supply of the anterior compartment muscles of the thigh?

Back 41

Femoral nerve

Front 42

`42. What is the vascular supply of the anterior compartment thigh muscles?

Back 42

Femoral artery and vein.

Front 43

43. Regarding the medial compartment of the thigh muscles, list three important muscles.

Back 43

Gracilis
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Obturator externus

Front 44

44. What is the nerve supply for the medial compartment muscles?

Back 44

Sciatic nerve

Front 45

45. What is the vascular supply for the medial compartment thigh muscles?

Back 45

Profunda femoris
Obturator vessels

Front 46

46. Regarding muscles of the thigh, list three imporatnt muscles of the posterior compartment.

Back 46

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembrinosus

Front 47

47. What is the nerve and vascular supply for the posterior compartment
muscles of the thigh?

Back 47

Nerve- Sciatic
Vascular- Profunda femoris vessels

Front 48

48. The Sciatic nerve(L4, L5, S1, S2, S3,) is composed of what two important nerves?

Back 48

Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve.
These two are bound together by fascia.

Front 49

49. How many branches does it distribute in the gluteal region?

Back 49

None.

Front 50

50. In the posterior thigh, the muscular branch(tibial compartment) supplies the hamstrings. What muscles make up the hamstrings?

Back 50

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus and
Adductor magnus

Front 51

51. Halfway down the thigh, the Sciatic(Ischiatic) nerve divides into what two branches?

Back 51

The tibial nerve
The common peroneal nerve

Front 52

52. What is the Popliteal fossa?

Back 52

It is the space behind the knee. It is somewhat diamond in shape.

Front 53

53. What are the lateral and medial boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Back 53

Laterally-biceps femoris(cranial),
Head of gastricnemious and plantaris(caudal)

Medially-Semit. and Semim (cranial) and medial head of the gastricnemius

Front 54

54. What is the content of the popliteal fossa?

Back 54

Popliteal vessels
Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve

Front 55

55. Regarding muscles of the leg, list 4 muscles located within the anterior compartment.

Back 55

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus

Front 56

56. What is the nerve and vascular supply for the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

Back 56

Nerve-deep peroneal nerve
vascular- anterior tibial artery

Front 57

57. List 2 muscles located within the lateral compartment of the leg.

Back 57

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

Front 58

58. Regarding the lateral compartment muscles of the leg, what is the nerve and vascular supply?

Back 58

Nerve-Superficial peroneal nerve
vascular-Peroneal aretery and vein

Front 59

59. Regarding posterior compartment muscles of the leg, which three muscles make up the superficial group?

Back 59

Gastrecnemious
Plantaris
Soleus

Front 60

60. Regarding posterior compartment muscles of the leg, which three muscles make up the deep group?

Back 60

Popliteus
flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior
tibialis posterior

Front 61

61. What is the nerve and vascular supply of the posterior compartment leg muscles?

Back 61

Nerve-Tibial nerve
Vascular- Posterior tibial artery

Front 62

62. The common peroneal nerve is found between L4 and S2. True/False

Back 62

True.

Front 63

63. What is a common result as a consequence of injury to this nerve?

Back 63

Footdrop. There is an inability to evert and dorsiflex the foot.
This may be caused by a blow to the lateral posterior knee by some blunt and heavy object.

Front 64

64. What is the Unhappy triad/Knee injury?

Back 64

This is a common football injury caused by blunt force from the side.

Front 65

65. What is the extent of damage that results from the unhappy triad injury?

Back 65

There is damage to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament.

Front 66

66. What structures anatomically perforate the diaphragm at T8, T10 and T12?

Back 66

T8-Inferior vena cava
T10-Esophagus vagus
T12-Aorta(red, thoracic duct(white)and the azygous vein(blue).

Front 67

67. What are the anatomical landmarks for Thoracocentesis?

Back 67

Insert needle just above(superior) to rib #9 and not under(inferior) to rib #8.
The inferior edge of the scapula lies over the 7th intercostal space.

Front 68

68. What may be considered a complication of this procedure?

Back 68

Pneumothorax

Front 69

69. Where is a gluteal injection administered?

Back 69

It is inserted in the upper outer quadrant of hip to avoid the sciatic nerve.

Front 70

70. What is a possible complication of an improperly administered gluteal injection?

Back 70

Footdrop

Front 71

71. What is contained within the surface anatomy of the lower limb bones?

Back 71

Ishial tuberosity
Greater trochanter of the femur
Knee
Anterior surface of the tibia(shin)
Ankle=lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia
Calcaneum

Front 72

72. What are the most important vessels of the lower limb bones?

Back 72

Femoral triangle-femoral artery, vein and nerve
Popliteal fossa: popliteal artery
Posterior tibial artery-can be palpated behind the medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis

Front 73

73. What are the most important tendons of the lower limb bones?

Back 73

tendon of tibialis posterior muscle-behind medial malleolus with the foot in an inverted position.
Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle-anterior surface of ankle joint with foot inverted and dorsiflexed.
Tendon of Peroneus brevis and longus-seen behind the lateral malleolus with the foot everted.
Tendon calcaneus(Achilles tendon)- It forms from the tendon of the gastrecnemius.

Front 74

74. What are the spinal roots of the radial nerve?
What is its action?

Back 74

C5-C8
Elbow and wrist extension
Involvement of triceps reflex

Front 75

75. What are the spinal roots of the median nerve?
What is its action?

Back 75

C6-T1
Flexion of first three fingers
Pronator and radial flexion
Innervation of thenar muscles and thumb opposition.

Front 76

76. What are the spinal roots of the ulnar nerve?
What is its action?

Back 76

C8-T1
Thumb adduction
Flexion of wrist and ring and small finger.
Opposition of little finger
Ulnar flexion
Finger abduction and adduction
Innervation of hypothenar muscles

Front 77

77. What are the spinal roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?
What is its action?

Back 77

C5-C6
Elbow flexion(biceps)
Supination(biceps)
Biceps reflex

Front 78

78. What are the spinal roots of the axillary nerve?
What is its action?

Back 78

C5-C6
Movement of arm outward, forward or backward(deltoid)

Front 79

79. What are the spinal roots of the long thoracic nerve?
What is its action?

Back 79

C5-C7
Elevation of arm above horizontal plane

Front 80

80. What are the spinal roots of the long obturator nerve?
What is its action?

Back 80

L2-L4
Hip adduction

Front 81

81. What are the spinal roots of the long femoral nerve?
What is its action?

Back 81

L2-L4
Knee extension
Hip flexion
Knee jerk

Front 82

82. What are the spinal roots of the common peroneal nerve?
What is its action?

Back 82

L4-S2
Foot eversion Dorsiflexion

Front 83

83. What are the spinal roots of the common Sciatic nerve?
What is its action?

Back 83

L4-S3
Knee flexion
Branches into the tibial and common peroneal nerve

Front 84

84. What are the spinal roots of the common Tibial nerve?
What is its action?

Back 84

L4-S3
Foot inversion
Plantar flexion
Involvement in ankle jerk reflex