Skeletal

Front 1

Chondroitin sulfate

Back 1

Gives the bone its resilience and toughness

Front 2

Glycosaminoglycans

Back 2

Contains chindroitin sulfatecalci

Front 3

Calcium and phosphorus salt

Back 3

Gives the bone its hardness and rigidity

Front 4

Compact bone

Back 4

Dense or cortical. The hard layer that constitute the exterior of most bones and forms aost tge entire shaft of long bines

Front 5

Cancellous bone

Back 5

Spongy bone. Composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network. The spaces are usually filled with marrow

Front 6

Maedullary cavity/ marrow cavity

Back 6

The space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

Front 7

Epiphysis

Back 7

Refers to the either end/extremity of long bone.

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

The cylindrical shaft of a long bone between two epiphyses

Front 9

Methaphysis

Back 9

A flared area adjacent to the epiphysis

Front 10

Epiphyseal cartillage/disk

Back 10

A layer of hyaline cartillage within the methaphysis of an immature bone that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

Front 11

Epiphyseal cartilage

Back 11

The area where bone can lenghten

Front 12

Articular cartillage

Back 12

A thin layer if hyaline cartillage that covers the articular surface of the bone

Front 13

Periosteum

Back 13

A fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone except where articular cartilage is located

Front 14

Endosteum

Back 14

A fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity

Front 15

Osteoblast

Back 15

Bone producing cells

Front 16

Osteoclast

Back 16

Bone destroying cells

Front 17

Osteocytes

Back 17

Maintains bone tissue

Front 18

Osteocytes

Back 18

Maintains bone tissue

Front 19

Osteogenic cells

Back 19

Stem cell

Front 20

Long bones

Back 20

Greater in one dimension than any other. Fucntion chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion and prehension

Front 21

Short bone

Back 21

Cuboid, or approximately equal in all dimensions. Interior is composed of spongy bones filled with marrow spaces. Absorbs concussion and they are found in complex joints

Front 22

Flat bones

Back 22

Relatively thin and are expanded in two dimensions. Chiefly for protection of vital organs

Front 23

Diploe

Back 23

Spongy material that separates the lamina externa from interna

Front 24

Sesamoid bone

Back 24

Have a resemblance to sesame seed. Reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull

Front 25

Pneumatic bone

Back 25

Contains air spaces or sinuses that communicates with the atmosphere

Front 26

Diploe

Back 26

Spongy material that separates the lamina externa from interna

Front 27

Sesamoid bone

Back 27

Have a resemblance to sesame seed. Reduce friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull

Front 28

Irregular bones

Back 28

Unpaired bones on the median plane. Protection, support, and muscular attachment

Front 29

Long bone

Back 29

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Metatarsals

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Front 30

Short bone

Back 30

Carpals

Tarsals

Front 31

Flat bones

Back 31

Sternum

Ribs

Scapulae

Cranial bone

Front 32

Irregular bone

Back 32

Vertebrae

Facial bone

Front 33

Sesamoid

Back 33

Patellae

Front 34

Cranial part of the skull

Back 34

Cranium

Frontal bone

Temporal bone

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Front 35

Frontal bone

Back 35

Have cornual process except in polled animals

Front 36

Temporal bone

Back 36

Contains the middle and inner ear

Front 37

Sphenoid bone

Back 37

Supports the brain and the pituitary gland

Front 38

Ethmoid bone

Back 38

Presents numerous opening for passage of olfactory nerves( sense pf smell)

Front 39

Facial part

Back 39

Orbit

Nasal

Oral

Front 40

Orbit

Back 40

Denotes the bony socket from the eye. Surrounded by portions of frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic boens

Front 41

Nasal

Back 41

Bounded dorsally by the nasal bones, laterally by the maxillae and incisive, and ventrally by the palatine process of the maxillae

Front 42

Oral

Back 42

Roofed by the maxillae and incisive bones and by the palatine bone, ventrolaterally by the mandible

Front 43

Maxillae and incisive bone

Back 43

Contains the teeth of the upper dental arcade

Front 44

Mandible

Back 44

Contains all the lower teeth, and gives attachment to sime of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing

Front 45

Axial skeleton

Back 45

Skull

Vertebrae

Sternum

Front 46

Cervical vertebrae

Back 46

Have well developed artucular processes to accommodate the large range of motion of the neck

Front 47

Atlas

Back 47

First cervical vertebrae

Front 48

Axis

Back 48

Second cervical vertebrae

Front 49

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 49

Characterized by well developed spinous processes and articular facets for the ribs

Front 50

Lumbar

Back 50

Have large, transverse processes that peoject laterad

Front 51

Sacral vertebrae

Back 51

Are fused to form a single wedge shaped bone, the sacrum

Front 52

Caudal vertebrae

Back 52

Forms the bony basis for the tai

Front 53

Sternum

Back 53

Forms the ventrum of the bony thorax and gives attachment to the costal cartillages of the ribs as well as providing origin for the pectoral muscles

Front 54

Manubrium

Back 54

Cranial extremity of the sternum

Front 55

Body

Back 55

Middle portion of tge sternum

Front 56

Xiphoid process

Back 56

Caudal extremity

Front 57

Ribs

Back 57

Form the lateral walas of the bony thorax

Front 58

Scapula(shoulder blades)

Back 58

In all animals is a relatively flat irregular bone. Birds and primate have clavicle(collarbone)

Front 59

Humerus

Back 59

Arm bone

Front 60

Tibia and fibula

Back 60

Bones of a true leg(crus)

Front 61

Tarsus( hock)

Back 61

Composed of mutiple small bones; correaponds ti human ankle

Front 62

Os rostri

Back 62

Rostral bone in te swine, the soft tissue in the external nares

Front 63

Os cordis

Back 63

Cardiac skeleton in bovine; around the origin of the aorta and pulmunary artery at the base of the heart

Front 64

Os penis

Back 64

Penile bone (baculun or os priapi) in the canine family; also in gorilla and chimpanzee; located above the male urethra, and it aids in sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration

Front 65

Radius and ulna

Back 65

In mamals radius is larger than the two, in birds it is smaller than the ulna, fused in equine and bovine, nit fused in dogs and cats

Front 66

Carpus

Back 66

Composed of two rows of small bones

Front 67

Metacarpus

Back 67

Is immediately distal to the carpus. Single large bonw in horse, while fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bons in ox and sheep and called cannon bone; pig has 4

Front 68

Digits

Back 68

Number 1-5 depending on the species

Front 69

Long pastern bone

Back 69

Proximal phalanx of horse

Front 70

Short pastern bone

Back 70

Middle phalanx of horse

Front 71

Coffin bone

Back 71

Distal phalanx of horse

Front 72

Pelvis

Back 72

Consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones ( ilium, schium, and pubis) which are fused to form os coxae or pelvic bone

Front 73

Femur( thigh bone)

Back 73

Extends from the coxofemoral ( hip) joint to the stiffle ( joint corresponding to tge human knee)