Skalko Pineal Gland Histology

Front 1

pineal is

Back 1

located in the diencephalon

Front 2

pinealocytes

Back 2

are specialized neurons located in clusters that recieve autonmic inout from the SNS. sensitive to light

Front 3

Glial Cells

Back 3

similar to the pituicytes o the posterior pituitary, they function as supportive stromal cells

Front 4

Pineal gets

Back 4

large calcium rich granules called brain sand, used to identify in radiographs

Front 5

pinealocytes is a

Back 5

neuroendocrine tranducer converting light into endocrine signals

Front 6

In pineal light controls the

Back 6

release of serotonin and melatonin

Front 7

pinealocyte also contains several

Back 7

brian peptides and is classified as an APUD cell

Front 8

Mechanisms for light transduction

Back 8

Light from the retinal ganglion cell to the SCN, to the pineal nerve which goes down the spinal cord to the intermediolateral column. Sympathetic preganglion cells exit through the ventral rami, synapse in the superial cervical ganglion , and then travel to innvervated the pinealocyte directly.

Front 9

Biochemical Pathway

Back 9

in the influence of light the pinealocyte makes serotonin and in absence melananin by converting serotonin to n-acetyl transferase and then using hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase to make melanin from the n-acetyl serotonin made.

Front 10

Has both circadian and

Back 10

ultradaina rythyms which occur over months, days, weeks

Front 11

circadian rythyms regulate

Back 11

body temperature, wbc count, mitotic activity in epithelia, and secretion of acth and cortisol, regula,tes responsiveness to drugs. .

Front 12

ultraradian

Back 12

include menstrual and breeding cycles

Front 13

melatonin major impact is

Back 13

inhibitory

Front 14

It is antigonadotropic in that

Back 14

it blocks LH and FSH and delays puberty, controls gonadal activity, regulates the secretion of both pituitary lobes.

Front 15

Seasonal changes in human biology

Back 15

indicate that humans are seasonal breeders. testosterone increases in the spring months. conception rates increase during the spring.