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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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APGAR Score (0-10 scale)
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A=appearance/color
P=pulse/HR G=grimace/reflex response A=activity/muscle tone R=respiration 7-10 is normal |
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Colic
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A sudden crying or irritation of a newborn usually starts @ 6wk age & resolves @ 3-4 months
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Hirschsprung's Dz
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Inability to not pass the meconium in 24hrs d/t functional obstruction of distal colon lacking autonomic innervation.
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Average wt for term newborn
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7lbs/3.2kg
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Average head circumference
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1/2 the body length + 10cm
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Normal newborn wt
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≥2500 gms
Low=1500-2499 gms V/Low=1000-1499 gms Ext/Low<1000 gms |
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Normal Gestational age
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40 wks (37-42 wks)
Preterm<37 wks Postterm>42 wks |
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Birth wt appropriate for gestational age
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Bet 10th & 90th percentile
SGA<10th percentile LGA>90th percentile |
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Vernix Caseosa
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A whitish, greasy material covering the body (≥24wks) that decreases as term approaches (40wks)
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Newborn Skin appearance
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Usually ruddy/reddish; may be acrocyanosis for first few hrs, dryness/peeling at wrists/ankles, petechiae over scalp/face & vernix caseosa
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Cephalohematoma
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A mass composed of clotted blood, located between the periosteum and the skull of a newborn. It is confined between suture lines and usually is unilateral; do not aspirate.
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Caput Succedaneum
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Diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines; resolves in few days.
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Abnormally depressed fontanelle
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Indication of low ICP usually d/t dehydration
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Epsein's Pearls
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Small pearl like elevations on infant's hard palate.
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Bednar's Aphthae
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Small ulcerations on infant's hard palate.
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Average normal HR of newborn
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120 beats/min
100-160 normal range |
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Normal range of newborn's respirations
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40-60 breaths/min
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The most common heart murmur in a newborn during 1st 24 hrs is d/t
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Patent ductus arteriosus; usually closes in 3 days.
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Newborn Physical Exam
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Inspect Skin, HR, RR, Activity, Head, Eyes, Ears, Mouth, Abdomen, Genitalia, Hip displacement, Neuro (Moro, Sucking, Rooting reflexes), any gross abnormality
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Protein & Energy Requirements of Newborn
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Relative requirements for protein and energy (g or kcal/kg body weight) decline progressively from the end of infancy through adolescence, although absolute requirements increase.
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Newborn Birth wt
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Infants should double their birth wt by 6 mo. Loss of > 5 to 7% of birth wt in the 1st wk indicates undernutrition.
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Adv of Breastfeeding to Newborn
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Nutritional and cognitive; protection against infection, allergies, obesity, Crohn's disease, and diabetes
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Adv of Breast Feeding to Mother
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Reduced fertility during lactation; more rapid return to normal prepartum condition; protection against osteoporosis, obesity, and ovarian and premenopausal breast cancers
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Colostrum
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The first milk, which is a high-calorie, high-protein, thin yellow fluid that is immunoprotective because it is rich in antibodies, lymphocytes, and macrophages, and also stimulates passage of meconium.
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Breast Milk contains
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Colostrum, high lactose content (↑enzymic value), high Vit-E (↑RBC's life span), Ca: P ratio 2: 1 (prevents tetany), ∆s pH of stool & intestinal flora to protect against bacterial diarrhea; fatty acid, cholesterol for brain dev
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S/Sx of Newborn Dehydration/Undernutrion
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By 5 days of age, a normal neonate wets at least 6 diapers/day and soils 2 to 3 diapers/day (↓# indicate dehyd/undernutr);failure to attain growth; Constant fussiness before age 6 wk; ↓in vigor of the infant's cry and skin turgor; lethargy and sleepiness
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Stool color of Newborn
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Mustard yellow to dark brown; breastfed babies tends to have softer and lighter color
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The Umbilical Cord
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Should be observed & moistened w/ alcohol daily; do not use antibiotic oint (it prolongs dryness of cord stump)
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The most common neonatal skin lesion
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Erythema Toxicum; a benign rash with an erythematous base and a white or yellow papule.
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Minimum age for vaccine of RV(rota virus, DTaP, Hib(hemophilus influenzae), PCV(pneumococcal), IPV(inactivated polio virus)
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2 months
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Minimum age for Vericella, MMR & Hep A
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12 months
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Minimum age for HPV (human papiloma virus)
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9 yrs
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