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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indicat'n for KOH (Wet Mount)
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To identify Dermatophyte Fungal infect'n; Look for "branching hyphae"
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3 Types of Dermatophytes
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Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton; They usually don't invade living tissue, but colonize in outer skin
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How do people get Dermatophyte infec'n
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By direct Contact w/ infected host
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Who is "most" susceptible to Fungal infect'n
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People w/ preexisting injured skin, diabetics, immuno--compromised & excessive temp/humidity condit'n
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Indic'n for Gram Stain w/ Culture & Sens
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To diag (Differentiate) condit'n caused by Gram+/- bacteria & yeast; Gr Stain is quicker than Culture
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Gram Positve Bacteria
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It stains "Purple" due to Thick cell wall; ie Staph aureus
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Gram Neg Bacteria
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Stains "Pink" due toThin C/wall, but it's encapsulated in a Lipid rich membrane; ie E. coli; Gr-ve> dangerous than Gr+ve, except TB
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Primary Gr/stain
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Crystal Violet
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Counter Gr/stain
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Safranin (brick color)
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Shapes of Bacteria
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Rods/Bacilli, ie Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Cocci/Spherical, ie Staph(grape clusters) & Strep(chains); Spirals/Helixes, ie Leptospira
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Indicat'n for Tzanck Smear w/ Giemsa & Wright's Stains
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To identify Multinucleated Giant Epithelial cells in Herpes Simplex, H/Zoster & Varicella; U must unroof the vesicle for specimen & let the slide air dry
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Indicat'n for AFB cult/stain
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To identify Mycobacterium organism (TB); should be done by a "trained person"
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What is a Culture medium
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A proper growth medium for microbes considering temp, aerobic/anaerobic condit'n
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What are types of a culture
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Bact'l, fungal & viral culture
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Bact'l Culture
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Takes 24-48hrs; always use cult/sensitivity together(to find the right Bug & Drug, ie. MRSA & Vancomycin); use right swab/needle to collect cells/pus/fluid
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Fungal Culture
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Needs skin/hair scrapings; takes 2-4 wks; get good Hx/PE;do Tx & send culture to Lab "if in doubt"
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Viral Culture
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EXPENSIVE & not easily available; Collect sample ASAP & send it ASAP; they don't do well out of living cells; don't like wooden applicators
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Wood's Lamp
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To illuminate skin w/ an ultraviolet/black light in the dark; Microsporums fluoresce, but not all the Trichophytons
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Diascopy
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Pressing a lesion w/ a microscope slide to see "blanching", if it's due to Dilated Capillaries; ie Telangiectasia.
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Punch Biopsy
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Usual method to do Skin Biopsy w/ a 4mm Punch; to diag abnormal skin growths (Neoplasm) in Primary care; it cuts through epidermis, dermis & SubQ tissue.
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Wedge Biopsy
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Usually done by a "trained person" to cut on Nodules via removing a large wedge of tissue down to SubQ layer; send half for histology & half for bact'l and mycotic culture.
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Types of Skin tests for Allergies
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Epicutaneous test(the allergen is introduced barely below the skin surface via prick/scratch/patch); Intradermal test(allergen is injected below the skin w/ a needle); IF SKIN TEST CONTRAINDICATED THEN Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)- a blood test for allergy; Complement test
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Radioallergosorbent Teast(RAST)
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A blood test for allergies, which looks for the presence of an allergy specific IgE in the blood. It's done when skin test is not possible.
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Complement Test
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Complement is a blood test that measures the activity of certain proteins in the liquid portion of your blood; They are labeled from C1 to C9; determine whether an angioedema is due to an Allergy or Hereditary factors.
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What is a complement
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The complement system consists of proteins that act in a sequence: One protein activates another and so on. It's involved in immune system functioning
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Types of Skin Biopsy
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Punch-Lesion removed in circle; Incision-L removed in part; Excision-L removed as whole; Shave-L is shaved.
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