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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macule
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A flat, discolored spot of any shape <1cm. Freckles, flat moles, port-wine stains, and many rashes are macular. A patch is a large macule
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Papule
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An elevated, firm, circumscribed area<1cm; ie wart, elevated mole, Lichen Planus
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Plaque
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Solid, superficial, elevated, circumscribed, rough & flat area of skin >1cm; Psoriasis, Lichenificat'n
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Wheal
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Superficial, raised, irregular, edematus, transient, erythematous skin lesion; Mosquito bite, Allergic rxns, Urticaria
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Nodule
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Solid, elevated, circumscribed area of skin 1-2cm; deeper in dermis
Basal cell carcinoma, Keloid |
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Tumor
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Clearly demarcated, solid, elevated area of skin >2cm; Lipoma, Hemangioma
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Vesicle
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Superficial, circumscribed, fluid filled area of skin <1cm; Vericella, Herpes Zoster
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Pustule
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Vesicle filled w/ pus; Impetigo, Acne
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Bullae
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A vesicle of >1cm size; Blister, Pemphigus Vulgaris
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Cyst
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Elevated, encapsulated, deep in dermis, fluid filled/semisoild material lesion; Sebaceous Cyst
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Lichenificat'n
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Rough, thickened epidermis 2^0 to persistent itching, often involves Flexer surfaces of extremities; also described as "looking like moss"
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Scar
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Thick to thin fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin p/ Sx/injury or Acne; Chickenpox
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Keloid
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Progressively enlarged, elevated scar
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Scale
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Epidermis thickening that causes Flakes of skin, dry/greasy, silvery/white; ie Athlete's foot, Atopic dermatitis
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Excoriat'n
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A superficial, hollowed-out or linear crusted area caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking at the skin; Atopic dermatitis, Psychiatric condit'n
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Petechiae
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Small pinpoint hemorrhagic spots; Strep throat
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Purpura
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Large area of hemorrhage into skin
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Eccymosis
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A big bruise, which is purple/blue fading to green/yellow/brown in time >3cm
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Atrophy
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Thinning of the skin that results in a depression and often has a wrinkled "cigarette paper" appearance; ie Striae, aged skin
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Ulcer
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Similar to an erosion, only deeper, penetrating at least part of the dermis. The causes are the same as for erosions. They heal with scarring; ie. Decubitus ulcer
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Telangiectasis/Spider Veins
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Small superficial Venous dilat'n
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Annular
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Round/circular lesion w/ central clearing; ie Tinea Versicolor
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Iris/Target lesion
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Resembles iris of the eye; AKA "Bulls Eye"
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Linear
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Scratch in a line
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Spider Angiomas
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Focal Telangiectasia radiating from a central Arteriole; blanches on Diascopy; ie Liver diz
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Tinea Capitis
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Fungal infect'n of Head; usually in children; S/Sx-Alopecia, hair shaft breaks off,scales(gray patch,black dot,kerion,favus); Woods Lamp shows bright green hair shaft
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Tinea Cruris/Jock itch
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Pruritic/burning sensat'n in groin; S/Sx-plaques/scales leaves scrotum; Dx-KOH prep
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Tinea Pedis
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Trichophyton localizes bet'n 3rd & 4th toe & later sole of foot; AKA athlete's foot; D/Dx-Interdigital Psoriasis, Candida albicans, allergic contact dermatits from shoes; KOH prep
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Onychomycosis/Tinea Unguium
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Fungal infec'n of finger/toe Nail; very hard to cure;
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Tinea Versicolor
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Chronic asymptomatic infec'n of Trunk chtz by white/brown macules; KOH prep-"Spaghetti & meat balls"; D/Dx-Vitiligo, Hypomelanosis
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Oral Candidiasis
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Creamy white exudates on Tongue/buccal mucosa that can be easily removed
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Intertriginous Candidiasis
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"Red Beafy lesions in Satelite areas"; likes wet area, immunosupressed, DM, Obese pts; KOH prep; Tx-Azole, Nystatin
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Tx for Tinea infec'n
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Griseofulvin; 5% Salicycic acid & 5% benzoic acid crm
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Impetigo-"Honey colored crust"
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Usually @face, not very painful; caused by Sterp/Staph aureus; Compl'n- contagious, glomerulonephritus; Tx-Pencillin, E/mycin, Dicloxacillin
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Ecthyma
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Deeper extens'n of Impetigo; chtz by "Hemorrhagic Crust"; may get scars p/ healing
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Cellulitis
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inflammatory rxn to bact'l entry p/ skin breakdown; chtz by "Tight glossy stretched skin", pain, fever, malaise; Dx-incr'd WBC; Tx-Dicloxacillin, Vanco; Mgmt-Local heat, elevat'n, immobiliz'n
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Compl'n of Cellulitis
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Gangrene, sepsis, meningitis, lymphangitis
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Erysipelas
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Cellulitis of superficial skin; caused by Beta-hemolytic Strep; chtz by "bright red demarcated" inflamm'n
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Erythrasma
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Superficial intertriginous skin infec'n caused by Corynebacteriae; very "foul axillary odor"; Dx- skin is "coral pink" under wood's lamp
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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Severe form of Cellulitis; mixed aerobic/anaerobic infec'n w/ edema,ulceration along the fascial planes
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Crust/Scab
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Dried blood, pus, or skin fluids on the surface of the skin. A crust can form wherever the skin has been damaged; ie Impetigo
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Erosion
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Loss of part or all of the epidermis when infection, pressure, irritation, or temperature has damaged the skin. They heal without scarring.
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Herpes Simplex
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One or many clusters of vesicles filled w/ clear fluid; HSV-1 & HSV-11
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HSV-1/Herpes Simplex 1
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The usual cause of "cold sores" on the lips (herpes labialis) and sores on the cornea of the eye (herpes simplex keratitis); very contagious "don't even share the soda".; ie Gingivostomatitis; Lab-Tzanck Prep; D/Dx-Impetigo,Varicella,Shingles
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HSV-II/Herpes Simplex-II
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The usual cause of genital herpes, accompanied by fever, malaise, tender inguinal adenopathy; Tx-Let it run its course or Acyclovir; Compl'n-Viral encephalitis & aseptic miningitis
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Herpes Zoster
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Infec'n that results from reactivation of the varicella; the virus travels down the nerve (dermatome) to the skin, where it creates painful sores,tingling; contagious; D/Dx-Varicella,Herpes simplex; Tx-Corticosteroids, Analgesics
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Varicella
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Extremely contagious; chtz by "dew drops on rose petal" look, specially on upper trunk; vesicles appear in crops; D/Dx-Impetigo; Tx-resolves byself/systemic antihistamines/Acyclovir
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Verruca/Warts (Mauhuka)
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Small skin growths(mostly painless) caused by human papillomaviruses; some chtz by "cauliflower appearance"; Tx-resolve byself/Topical 5-fluorouracil crm/Freezing
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Molluscum Contagiosum
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A Poxvirus infec'n chtz by skin colored, smooth,waxy,umbillicated papules; Tx-resolve byself
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Condyloma Acuminata/Genital Warts
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Most common STD;caused by H/papilllomavirus 6,11,(16,18),31,33,35; chtz by small pink/grey polyps; D/Dx-Condyloma lata, carcinoma; Tx-Podophllotoxin, 5 fluorouracil, cryotherapy
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Rubella
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German Measles/3 day measles;benign but can cause congenital deformities; pink macules/papules appear on forehead & spread to trunk; Tx-resolve byself
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Measles
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AKA 7 day measles;highly contagious; reportable; chtz by Koplik's Spot accompanied by Conjuctivitis & cough
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Erythema Infectiosum
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AKA 5th diz;caused by Parvovirus B19; chtz by "Red rash on cheeks"
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Hand-Foot-Mouth diz
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Caused by Coxsackie Virus A16; chtz by ulcerative lesions on Hand,foot & mouth.
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Roseola
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A viral infection (pseudorubella) of infants or very young children that causes a high fever followed by a rash; benign childhood illness; chtz-Child appears well inspite of fever of 104-106F
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Pediculosis Capitis
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Lice infest'n; lice feeds only on humans; chtz-long,white Nits(eggs) appear cemented to hair; common in children, female>male,white>black; D/Dx-dandruff,scabies,eczema; Lab-Live nits w/ Pearly fluorescence under wood's lamp; Tx-NIX, RID, Malathion
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Scabies
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Intense pruritic papules/pustules (while in bed) on hand/feet of a child is "scabies" until proven otherwise; chtz-few mm fine burrrows in finger webs; Lab-avoid KOH prep, it dissolve fecal pellets
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Pediculosis Pubis
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Common in young males; S/Sx-Little critters/nits in hair
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Spider Bites; Black Widow
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Painful Bite; chtz by Fang marks 1 mm apart; S/Sx-Board like abdomen w/o tenderness to palpat'n; Tx-Ice,morphine,o2, Antivenin
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Spider Bites/Brown Recluse
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Venom is hemotoxic; can cause tissue necrosis; AKA Fiddle back spider/Violin shaped; Tx-Antivenin
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Contact Dermatitis
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A delayed hypersensitivity rxn specially on forearms,neck,waist,lower leg/feet; chtz by pruritis/burning of skin; lesions may be isolated/localized; Lab-patch test; Tx-Corticosteroids/Prednoson
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Atopic Dermatitis
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A chronic, pruritic inflammat'n associated with history of asthma/allergy; S/Sx-Tiny vesicles on "Puffy Surface" on face, antecubital/popliteal fossa; D/Dx-Psoriasis,Contact dermatitis, Eczema; TX-bathe less frequently
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Diaper Dermatitis
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Bright red Pruritic/Burning/Painful papules/vesicles in the diaper areas; D/Dx-candidiasis,seborrheic dermatitis; Tx-Frequent changing of diapers/let the kid air dry/corticosteroids
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) / Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
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Two forms of the same life-threatening skin disease that cause rash, skin peeling, edema and sores on the mucous membranes; In SJS <10% of body surface, but in TEN >30% of body surface area "peels off"; Compl'n-Death due to multiorgan fail; TX-Hospitaliz'n, skin grafting
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Urticaria/Hives
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A skin reaction characterized by pale, slightly elevated wheals that are surrounded by a red area and have clearly defined borders; chtz by shape changing wheals which resolve byself; caused by Meds/Food/Insect stings
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Contact Urticaria
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Non-allergic stinging rxn caused by plants(Poison ivy) or animals(hairy caterpillar); chtz by "Zeomatric Rash"; Tx-Oral antihistamine, oral steroids
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Cholinergic Urticaria
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Results from sweting
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Cold Urticaria
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Occurs with skin warming up in winter
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Mgmt of Urticaria/Angioedema
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Avoid asprin/codeine, acidic fruits, alcohol; use icepacks
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Angioedema
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Swelling of larger areas of tissue under the skin, sometimes affecting the face, throat, eyelids & genital area.
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Erythema Multiforme
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Red patches often develop red concentric rings with purple-gray centers (“target” or “iris” lesions) and small blisters, which are symmetrical on body; mostly caused by rxn to HSV infec'n; Tx-resolve byself
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Folliculitis
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Inflamm'n of hair follicles;chtz by pustules in hair follicles;caused by Staph aureus; "hot tub folliculitis" caused by P. aeruginosa; "pseudofolliculitis" is in beard area---putules are on the side of follicle in this; Tx-clean area w/ chlorhexidine & apply saline soaks.
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Furuncles
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Acute,tender,"perifollicular nodule"caused by S.aureus;commonly on neck,breasts,face,butts;painful on ear/nose.TX-dicloxacillin
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Carbuncle
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Cluster of furuncles, heals slowly w/ a large scar
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Alopecia Areata
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Partial/complete hair loss in circumscribed areas due to aging,genetic reasons, which feel smooth not scaly; TX-inject Triamcinolone
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What is most common skin cancer?
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Basal cell carcinoma; occur mostly on exposed areas;An open sore that bleeds,oozes/crusts>3wks & shows a shiny,pearly border w/ telangiectasia; DON"T use 5FU;Tx-Excision
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Seborrheic Dermatitis
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Yellow Greasy scales on scalp/face;doesn't cause hair loss;Tx-Shampoos-Head/Hydrocortisone-Face
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Epidermal Cyst;ie Kashrali
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A slow growing benign cyst containing "cheesy/fetid" contents; Tx-remove the cyst wall w/ curet & oral antibiotics like Erythromycin
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Psoriasis
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Chronic/recurrent diz chtz by pruritic "Thick silvery scales" sharply demarcated, pitting on nails; Tx-Corticosterroid(Triamcinolone)/Tar shampoo, PUVA;refer to Dermatologist
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Lichen Planus
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5Ps;Pruritic,polygonal,purple,papules,plaques;often accompanied by oral lesions;Tx-resolve on own/Topical steroids
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Pityriasis Rosea/A mild inflammatory skin diz
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A "herald patch on trunk;on the back "christmas tree" like lesions; Tx-none needed
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Keloids Vs. Hypertrophic scars
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HyperT scars don't grow out of original scar area, but kelods do; HT scars occur in any race, but keloids more in Blacks; Tx-inject corticosteroids in the lesion.
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Seborrheic Keratosis
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A "stuck on" warty, pigmented superficial epithelial lesion
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Actinic Keratoses(Sings)
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Most common Premalignant skin lesion; Pink/gray/darker,poorly marginated, scaly/crusted lesion; chtz by "feel rough"; TX-Cryotherapy;Blonds/red hair/Fitzpatrick--suceptible
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Leukoplakia
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A precancerous whitish plaque like lesion on oral mucosa due to chronic irritat'n; Pipe smoking is Risky
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Malignant Melanoma
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A malignant melanocytic tumor arising in pigmented area; look for ABCD; Tx-cut it out
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Vitiligo
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Sharply demarcated depigmented area; lesions are prone to sunburn;Tx-psoralen w/ PUVA, Topical corticosteroids
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Albinism
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An autosomal recessive inherited diz in which melanocytes don't make pigment
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Pruritis/Itching
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A symptom not a diz; dry skin itches so keep it moist; Tx- Hydroxyzine, antihistamine
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Callus; ie like Bhaurian
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A superficial, circumscribed area of hyperkeratosis @site of repeated trauma/irritat'n under the foot
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Corns
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A painful conical hyperkeratoses over toe joints/bet'n toes; Tx-reduce pressure, well fitting shoes.
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Adv effect of prolonged antibiotic use in females?
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Candidal Vaginitis
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What is 2nd most common skin CA?
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Squamous cell carcinoma; Nodular Tumor is most aggressive SCC;Tx-Effudex/Excision
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Lupus erythematosus
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An autoimmune diz of skin; "buttter fly" appearance over nose/cheeks
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Pemphigus
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A chronic autoimmune blistering diz that begins in mouth/scalp & then spreads; Deadly
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Lyme Diz
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Expanding erythematous plaque caused by SPIROCHETE via Tick Bite; causes Cardiac Complications
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