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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What were the biggest causes of the British Reform Movement?
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-Enlightenment
-social and fiscal government failures |
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Who did the British Refom most threaten?
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older privileged, fuedal and ecclesiastical interests
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The British Reform Movement starts a period known as what? Why?
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age of "Democratic Revolution": in all places a democratic society confirmed
"Atlantic Revolution": countries on both sides of the Atlantic affected |
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When did reform movements start in Europe?
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the 1760's
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What did the British government look like before the Reform Movements?
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-decentralized and composite: 31 countries governments suboridnate to Westminster
-Parliament sovereign -George III had to work through Pariiament |
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How did George II in England view his rule?
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saw himself as a "patriot king"
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How did George get things done in Parliament?
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-he had to buy/contol votes, grant pensions and favors, makes promises and deals with politicians
-developed a faction known as the "king's friends" (in power during the time of Lord North [1770-1782]) |
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How had the name "Tory" changed?
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Tories no longer really existed as factions (only Whigs) Britain didn't have a two party system yet.
"Tory" was used in the American Revolution as an insult |
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What was the discontent in Britain?
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-Irish want less dependence on Westminster
-Dissenters (Protestants) want less political exclusion -Commonwealthmen want to return to a Cromwellian Republic -critics though Pariament was corrupt b/c politicians often had to take strong measures to assure votes: they felt Parliament should be free if not representative -no equal representation |
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What happened to John Wilkes?
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attacked policies of George III --> vindicated (courts say his publisher can't be arrested)--> expelled from House of Commons --> becomes a hero --> is reelected three times (but is never let in)
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Who were the Supporters of the Bill of Rights?
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a group of people who supported John Wilkes
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What questions did John Wilkes raise?
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-should House of Commons be dependant of electorate
-propriety of mass agitation "out of doors" on political questions -got Parliamentary debates reported in press -in 1776 introduced first reform bills |
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Who was Edmund Burke?
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a conservative, Whig leader
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What were Edmund Burke's views?
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-House of Commons should be independent and responsible
-the landowning people should govern -party structure instead of royal loyalty -members use their own best judgement for the country -no "placemen" (jobholders dependant on their ministerial patrons) -no useless offices |
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What delayed the Reform Movement?
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-consevatism
-satisfaction with the constitution -patriotism b/c French wars -reaction to French Revolution |
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What effect did the British Reform Movement have in America?
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Americans read what was being writen in pamphlets etc, and it confirmed their views of George III as a depot and Parliamentary corruption. This made them very suspicious of the British government and magnified their response to things like the Stamp Act.
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What was the trend of the British Reform Movement? Why?
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centralization of the empire: in response to the Seven Years' War and the Austrian Succesion
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This had been happening everywhere, slowly, throughout European history.
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What was the problem between England and Scotland?
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the Highlanders did n ot want to be under the control of any government as they followed a social organization of physical kinship.
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What did the British government do about the problems in Scotland?
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-sent troops
-built roads -law courts in the Lowlands -land system changed -Highlanders put into new British regiments -forbid kilts and bagpipes |
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What are the views about the British in Ireland?
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-Catholic Irish are pro-French
-Presbyterian Irish dislike French but are alienated from England: they go to America or support America with companies |
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What happens between the Irish and British government?
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Irish demand reform of their pariliament--> British make concessions --> Irish sympathize with French Revolution --> Catholics and Presbyterians from United Irish societies --> got French to help --> 1798 tried to kick out English and form independant country --> England suppresses rebellion --> Ireland is no longer a separate kingdom: Irish represented in the Parliament at Westminster--> Act of Union of 1801 creates United Kingdom
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What is the Act of Union of 1801?
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it creates the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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What was the nature of British involvement in India after the Seven Years' War?
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various post were unconnected and only subordinate to the board of directors of the East India Company in London. They caused trouble in Indian politics
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What did Lord North do about the situation in India?
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-he passed the Regulating Act in 1773 to put all posts under a governor and supreme court in Calcutta and sumbit political correspondance for review
-1784: created and India office in British ministry at home |
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Who was Warren Hastings?
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The first British governor in India: started British supremacy there
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What did Warren Hastings do?
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was high-handed with Indian princes and made enemies with Englishmen --> impeached and sent home
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Generally, what effect does the British Reform Movement have on British colonies?
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Parliamentary power extends directly into colonies
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List the main ideas of the British Reform Movement.
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-Parliament = ruler
-Reformers support America -British centralization -conflict with Scotland, Ireland and India |
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What effect did the British Reform Movement have in America?
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Americans read what was being writen in pamphlets etc, and it confirmed their views of George III as a depot and Parliamentary corruption. This made them very suspicious of the British government and magnified their response to things like the Stamp Act.
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What was the trend of the British Reform Movement? Why?
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centralization of the empire: in response to the Seven Years' War and the Austrian Succesion
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This had been happening everywhere, slowly, throughout European history.
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What was the problem between England and Scotland?
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the Highlanders did n ot want to be under the control of any government as they followed a social organization of physical kinship.
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What did the British government do about the problems in Scotland?
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-sent troops
-built roads -law courts in the Lowlands -land system changed -Highlanders put into new British regiments -forbid kilts and bagpipes |
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What are the views about the British in Ireland?
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-Catholic Irish are pro-French
-Presbyterian Irish dislike French but are alienated from England: they go to America or support America with companies |
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What happens between the Irish and British government?
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Irish demand reform of their pariliament--> British make concessions --> Irish sympathize with French Revolution --> Catholics and Presbyterians from United Irish societies --> got French to help --> 1798 tried to kick out English and form independant country --> England suppresses rebellion --> Ireland is no longer a separate kingdom: Irish represented in the Parliament at Westminster--> Act of Union of 1801 creates United Kingdom
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What is the Act of Union of 1801?
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it creates the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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What was the nature of British involvement in India after the Seven Years' War?
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various post were unconnected and only subordinate to the board of directors of the East India Company in London. They caused trouble in Indian politics
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What did Lord North do about the situation in India?
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-he passed the Regulating Act in 1773 to put all posts under a governor and supreme court in Calcutta and sumbit political correspondance for review
-1784: created and India office in British ministry at home |
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Who was Warren Hastings?
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The first British governor in India: started British supremacy there
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What did Warren Hastings do?
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was high-handed with Indian princes and made enemies with Englishmen --> impeached and sent home
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Generally, what effect does the British Reform Movement have on British colonies?
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Parliamentary power extends directly into colonies
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List the main ideas of the British Reform Movement.
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-Parliament = ruler
-Reformers support America -British centralization -conflict with Scotland, Ireland and India |
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What happened to Parliament as a result of the British Reform Movement?
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It became more powerful and independant
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