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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Olivine
a. (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
b. Nesosilicate
c. Glassy luster, conchoidal fracture, green color, and granular nature
(A Series between Forsterie Mg2SiO4 and Fayalite(Fe2SiO4))
Garnet - Almandine
a. Fe3Al2Si3O12
b. Nesosilicate
c. Deep red, transparent or translucent, isometric crystal, very hard
Garnet - Pyrope
a. Mg3Al2Si3O12
b. Nesosilicate
c. Deep red to nearly black.
Garnet - Grossular
a. Ca3Al2Si3O12
b. Nesosilicate
c. White, green, yellow, or cinnamon-brown, pale red color.
Zircon
a. ZrSiO4
b. Nesosilicate
c. Tetragonal crystals - ditetragonal dipyramid crystals, its some shade of brown on colorless color, and adamantine luster.
Andalusite
a. Al2SiO5
b. Nesosilicate
c. Near square prism and hardness.
Sillmanite
a. Al2SiO5
b. Nesosilicate
c. Slender crystals with one direction of cleavage
Kyanite
a. Al2SiO5
b. Nesosilicate
c. Bladed crystals, good cleavage, blue color, and different hardness in different directions
Topaz
a. Al2SiO4(F, OH)2
b. Nesosilicate
c. Basal cleavage, very hard, and prismatic crystals terminated by dipyramid.
Staurolite
a. Fe2Al9O6(SiO4)4(O,OH)2
b. Nesosilicate
c. Prismatic crystals with cruciform twins at 90 or 60 degrees. It has an obtuse prism unlike andalusite
Sphene (Titanite)
a. CaTiO(SiO4)
b. Nesosilicate
c. Wedge shaped crystals and very high luster.
Epidote
a. Ca2(Al,Fe)Al2O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)
b. Sorosilicate
c. Peculiar green color and one sided perfect cleavage. Elongated parallel crystals
Beryl
a. Be3Al2(Si6O18)
b. Cycolosilicate
c. Hexagonal crystal form and color - often varieties of green. Harder than apatite and heavier than topaz
Tourmaline (Schorl)
a. NaFe2+3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4
b. Cyclosilicate
c. Black - Fe-bearing is Schorl and most common. Rounded triangular cross section of the crystals and conchoidal fracture. Lacks cleavage, unlike hornblende
Enstatite
a. Mg2Si2O6
b. Inosilicate
c. Bronze-brown color. Need optical tests to truly distinguish from augite. Prismatic cleavage in two directions at 90 degrees like other pyroxenes.
Diospide
a. CaMgSi2O6
b. Inosilicate
c. variably colored, but typically dull green crystals in the monoclinic prismatic class. It has two distinct prismatic cleavages at 87 and 93° typical of the pyroxene series
Augite
a. (Ca, Na)(Mg, Fe, Al)(Si, Al)2O6
b. Inosilicate
c. Pale brown to purplish or greenish brown color and monoclinic cleavage and two distinct prismatic cleavages at 87 and 93°.
Spodumene
a. LiAlSi2O6
b. Inosilicate
c. Crystals form in the monoclinic system and are typically heavily striated parallel to the principal axis. Crystal faces are often etched and pitted with triangular markings.
Wollastonite
a. CaSiO3
b. Inosilicate
c. Two perfect cleavages at a about 84°. Looks like tremolite, but different because of the cleavage angles.
Anthophyllite
a. (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2
b. Inosilicate
c. Clove-brown color. Looks like other amphiboles with 60 and 120° cleavage angles.
Tremolite
a. Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
b. Inosilicate
c. Slender prisms and good prismatic cleavage. Lighter than hornblende and different angles than pyroxene.
Actinolite
a. Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
b. Inosilicate
c. Green, green-black, grey-green, or black color. Also has slender prisms and good prismatic cleavage. Lighter than hornblende and different angles than pyroxene.
Hornblende
a. (Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2
b. Inosilicate
c. Dark color and prismatic crystals with amphioble cleavage angles.
Serpentine
a. Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Variegated green color, greasy luster, and fibrous nature
Kaolinite
a. Al2Si2O5(OH)4
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Clay like character. Very thin, rhombic or hexagonal plates.
Talc
a. Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Micaceous habit, basal cleavage, softness, and greasy feel.
Muscovite
a. KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Highly perfect cleavage and light color.
Phlogopite
a. KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Micaceous cleavage, yellowish-brown color.
Biotite
a. K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
b. Phyllosilicate
c. Micaceous cleavage and dark color
Lepidolite
a. K(Li,Al)2-3(AlSi3O10) (OH)2
b. Phyllosiliate
c. Micaceous cleavage, lilac to pink color.
Quartz (alpha)
a. SiO2
b. Tectosilicate
c. Glassy luster, conchoidal fracture, prismatic crystals. Harder than calcite, softer than beryl.
Opal
a. SiO2.nH2O
b. Tectoslicate
c. Not as hard as quartz. There is water. Not as heavy as quartz.
Diatomaceous Earth
a. SiO2.nH20
b. Tectosilicate
c. Fine-grained deposits, resembling chalk.
Microcline
a. KAlSi3O8
b. Tectosilicate
c. Often has a deep green color. It often has microcline twinning, but not possible to see without a microscope.
Orthoclase
a. KAlSi3O8
b. Tectosilicate
c. Right angle cleavage and lack of twin striations on the best cleavage surface. Often flesh-red color. Has a hardness of 6 and good cleavage
Plagioclase
a. Albite (NaAlSi3O8) --> Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8)
b. Tectosilicate
c. Has albite twin striations.
Labradorite
a. (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8
b. Tectosilicate
c. Has labrodescense on its good cleavage face. A plagioclase.
Bytownite
a. (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8
b. Tectosilicate
c. Grey to white triclinic crystals commonly exhibiting the typical plagioclase twinning and associated fine striations. More Ca than Na
Sodalite
a. Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2
b. Tectosilicate
c. Blue color. not associated with pyrite.
Chabazite
a. Ca3Al2Si4O12-6H2O
b. Tectosilicate
c. Rhombohedral-appearing crystals, but not as good cleavage as calcite and does not effervesce in HCl
Leucite
a. KAlSi2O6
b. Tectosilicate
c. Trapezohedral form. Usually embedded in a fine-grained matrix.
Nepheline
a. (Na,K)AlSiO4
b. Tectosilicate
c. Massive varieties and greasy luster. Not as hard as quartz.