Signs And Symptoms In Psychiatry

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

state of awareness

Front 2

Apperception

Back 2

perception modified by a person's own emotions and thoughts

Front 3

Sensorium

Back 3

a state of cognitive functioning of the special senses

Front 4

Disorientation

Back 4

disturbance of orientation in time, place, or person

Front 5

Clouding of consciousness

Back 5

incomplete clear-mindedness with disturbances in perception and attitudes.

Front 6

Stupor

Back 6

lack of reaction to and unawareness of surroundings

Front 7

Delirium

Back 7

bewildered, restless, confused, disoriented reaction associated with fear and hallucinations

Front 8

Coma

Back 8

profound degree of unconsciousness

Front 9

Coma vigil (akinetic mutism)

Back 9

coma in which a patient appears to be asleep but ready to be aroused

Front 10

Lipid lowering agents

Name the "statins"
(6 of 'em)

Back 10

Zocor (simvastatin)
Lipitor (atovastatin)
Lescol (fluvastatin)
Mevacor (lovastatin)
Pravachol (pravastatin)
Vytorin (ezetimbelsimvastatin)

Front 11

Dream-like state

Back 11

often used as a synonym for complex partial seizure or psychomotor epilepsy

Front 12

Somnolence

Back 12

abnormal drowsiness

Front 13

Confusion

Back 13

disturbance of consciousness in which reactions to environmental stimuli are inappropriate; manifested by a disordered orientation in relation to time, place, or person

Front 14

Drowsiness

Back 14

a state of impaired awareness associated with a desire or inclination to sleep

Front 15

Sundowning (sundowner's syndrome)

Back 15

syndrome in older people that usually occurs at night and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, and falling as the result of being overly sedated with medications

Front 16

Attention

Back 16

is the amount of effort exerted in focusing on certain portions of an experience; ability to sustain a focus on one activity; ability to concentrate

Front 17

Distractibility

Back 17

inability to concentrate attention; state in which attention is drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli

Front 18

Selective attention

Back 18

blocking out only those things that generate anxiety

Front 19

Hypervigilance

Back 19

excessive attention and focus on all internal and external stimul, usually secondary to delusional or paranoid states; similar to hyperpragia; excessive thinking and mental activity

Front 20

Trance

Back 20

focused attention and altered consciousness, usually seen in hypnosis, dissociative disorders, and ecstatic religious experiences

Front 21

Disinhibition

Back 21

removal of an inhibitory effect that permits persons to lose control of impulses as occurs in alcohol intoxication

Front 22

Disturbances in suggestibility

Back 22

complaint and uncritical response to an idea or influence

Front 23

Folie a deux

Back 23

communicated emotional illness between two or three persons

Front 24

Hypnosis

Back 24

artifically induced modification of consciousness characterized by a heightened suggestibility

Front 25

Emotion

Back 25

complex feeling state with psychic, somatic and behavioral components that is related to affect and mood

Front 26

Affect

Back 26

observed expression of emotion, possibly inconsistent with patient's description of emotion

Front 27

Appropriate affect

Back 27

condition in which the emotional tone is in harmony with the accompanying idea, thought, or speech; also further described as broad or full affect in which a full range of emotions is appropriately expressed

Front 28

Inappropriate affect

Back 28

disharmony between the emotional feeling tone and the idea, thought, or speech accompanying it

Front 29

Blunted affect

Back 29

disturbance in affect manifested by a severe reduction in the intensity of externalized feeling tone

Front 30

Restricted or constricted affect

Back 30

reduction in intensity of feeling tone less severe than blunted affect but clearly reduced

Front 31

Flat affect

Back 31

absence or near absence of any signs of affective expression; voice monotonous; face immobile

Front 32

Labile affect

Back 32

rapid and abrupt changes in emotional feeling tone, unrelated to external stimuli

Front 33

Mood

Back 33

a pervasive and sustained emotion subjectively experienced and reported by a patient and observed by others; examples include depression, elation, and anger

Front 34

Dysphoric mood

Back 34

an unpleasant mood

Front 35

Euthymic mood

Back 35

normal range of mood, implying absence of depressed or elevated mood

Front 36

Expansive mood

Back 36

a person's expression of feelings without restraint, frequently with an overestimation of their significance or importance

Front 37

Irritable mood

Back 37

a state in which a person is easily annoyed and provoked to anger

Front 38

Mood swings (labile mood)

Back 38

oscillations between euohoria and depression or anxiety

Front 39

Elevated mood

Back 39

air of confidence and enjoyment; a mood more cheerful than usual

Front 40

Euphoria

Back 40

intense elation with feelings of grandeur

Front 41

Ecstasy

Back 41

feeling of intense rapture

Front 42

Depression

Back 42

psychopathological feeling of sadness

Front 43

Anhedonia

Back 43

loss of interest in and withdrawal from all regular and pleasureable activites, often associated with depression

Front 44

Grief or morning (bereavement)

Back 44

sadness appropriate to a real loss;

Front 45

Alexithymia

Back 45

a person's inability to describe or difficulty in describing or being aware of emotions or mood

Front 46

Suicidal ideation

Back 46

thoughts or act of taking one's own life

Front 47

Elation

Back 47

feelings of joy, euphoria, triumph, intense self-satisfaction, or optimism

Front 48

hypomania

Back 48

mood abnormality with the qualitative characteristics of mania, but somewhat less intense

Front 49

Mania

Back 49

mood state characterized by elation, agitation, hyperactivity, hypersexuality, and accelerated thinking and speaking

Front 50

Melancholia

Back 50

severe depressive state; used in the term involutional melancholia both descriptively and also in reference to a distinct diagnostic entity

Front 51

La belle indifference

Back 51

inappropriate attitude of calm or lack of concern about one's disability

Front 52

Anxiety

Back 52

feeling of apprehension caused by anticipation of danger, which may be internal or external

Front 53

Free-floating anxiety

Back 53

anxiety, pervasive, unfocused fear not attached to any idea

Front 54

Agitation

Back 54

severe anxiety associated with motor restlessness; similar to irritability characteristic by excessive excitability with easily triggered anger or annoyance

Front 55

Fear

Back 55

anxiety caused by consciously recognized and realistic danger

Front 56

Panic

Back 56

acute, episodic, intense attack orf anxiety associated with overwhloeming feelings of dread and autonomic discharge

Front 57

Apathy

Back 57

dulled emotional tone associated with detachment or indifference

Front 58

Ambivalence

Back 58

coexistence of two opposing impulses toward the same person at the same time.

Front 59

Abreaction

Back 59

emotional release or dischagre ag=fter recalling a painful experience

Front 60

Shame

Back 60

failure to live up to self-expectations

Front 61

guilt

Back 61

emotion secondary to doing what is perceived as wrong

Front 62

Impulse control

Back 62

ability to resist an impulse, drive, or tempation to perform an action

Front 63

Ineffability

Back 63

ecstatic state in which person states it is indescribable, inexpressable, and impossible to convery to another person

Front 64

Acathexis

Back 64

lack of feeling associated with an ordinarily emotionally charged subject; in cathexis the feeling is connected

Front 65

Decathexis

Back 65

detaching emotions from thoughts, ideas, or persons

Front 66

Anorexia

Back 66

loss of or decrease in appetitie

Front 67

Hyperphagia

Back 67

increase in intake of food

Front 68

Insomnia

Back 68

lack of or diminished ability to sleep

Front 69

Hypersomnia

Back 69

excessive sleeping

Front 70

Diurnal variation

Back 70

mood is regularly worst in the morning, immediately after awakening, and improves as the day progresses

Front 71

Diminished libido

Back 71

decreased sexual interest, drive, and performance (increased libido is often associated with manic states)

Front 72

Constipation

Back 72

inability to defecate or difficulty in defecating

Front 73

Fatigue

Back 73

a feeling of weariness, sleepiness, or innability following a period of mental or bodily activity

Front 74

Pica

Back 74

craving and eating of nonfood substances, such as paint and clay

Front 75

Pseudocyesis

Back 75

rare condition in which a patient has the signs and symptoms of pregnancy, such as abdominal distention, breast enlargement, pigmentation, cessation of menses, and morning sickness

Front 76

Bulemia

Back 76

insatiable hunger and voracious eating; seen in bulemia nervosa and atypical depression

Front 77

Adynamia

Back 77

weakness and fatigability

Front 78

Echopraxia

Back 78

pathological imitation of movements of one person by another

Front 79

Motor behavior (conation)

Back 79

aspect of psyche that includes impulses, motivations, wishes, drives, instincts and cravings, as expressed by a person's behavior or motor activity

Front 80

Catatonia and postural abnormalities

Back 80

seen in catatonic schizophrenia and some cases of brain diseases, such as encephalitis

Front 81

Catalepsy

Back 81

generla term for an immobile psotition that is constantly maintained

Front 82

Catatonic excitement

Back 82

agitated, purposeless motor activity, uninfluenced by external stimuli

Front 83

Catatonic stupor

Back 83

markedly slowed motor activity, often to a point of immobility and seeming unawareness of surroundings

Front 84

Catatonic rigidity

Back 84

voluntary assumption of a rigid posture, held against all efforts to be moved

Front 85

Catatonic posturing

Back 85

voluntary assumption of an inappropriate or bizarre posture, generally maintained for long periods

Front 86

Cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility)

Back 86

condition of a person who can be molded into a position that is then manintained; when an examiner moves the person's limb, the limb feels as if it were made of wax

Front 87

Akinesia

Back 87

lack of physical movement, as in the extreme immobility of catatonic schizophrenia; may also occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication

Front 88

Negativism

Back 88

motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions

Front 89

cataplexy

Back 89

temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states

Front 90

Stereotypy

Back 90

repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech

Front 91

Mannersim

Back 91

ingrained, habitual involuntary movement

Front 92

Automatism

Back 92

automatic performance of an act or acts generally representative of unconscious symbolic activity

Front 93

Command automatism (automatic obedience)

Back 93

automatic following of suggestions

Front 94

Mutism

Back 94

voiceless without structural abnormalities

Front 95

Cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility)

Back 95

condition of a person who can be molded into a position that is then manintained; when an examiner moves the person's limb, the limb feels as if it were made of wax

Front 96

Pyschomotor agitation

Back 96

excessive motor and cognitive overreactivity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

Front 97

Akinesia

Back 97

lack of physical movement, as in the extreme immobility of catatonic schizophrenia; may also occur as an extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication

Front 98

Negativism

Back 98

motiveless resistance to all attempts to be moved or to all instructions

Front 99

cataplexy

Back 99

temporary loss of muscle tone and weakness precipitated by a variety of emotional states

Front 100

Stereotypy

Back 100

repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech

Front 101

Mannersim

Back 101

ingrained, habitual involuntary movement

Front 102

Automatism

Back 102

automatic performance of an act or acts generally representative of unconscious symbolic activity

Front 103

Command automatism (automatic obedience)

Back 103

automatic following of suggestions

Front 104

Mutism

Back 104

voiceless without structural abnormalities

Front 105

Pyschomotor agitation

Back 105

excessive motor and cognitive overreactivity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

Front 106

Hyperactivity (hyperkinesia)

Back 106

restless, aggressive, destructive activity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

Front 107

Tic

Back 107

involuntary, spasmodic motor movement

Front 108

Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Back 108

motor activity during sleep

Front 109

Hyperactivity (hyperkinesia)

Back 109

restless, aggressive, destructive activity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

Front 110

Akathisia

Back 110

subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other medication which can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting and standing; can't be mistaken for psychotic agitation

Front 111

Tic

Back 111

involuntary, spasmodic motor movement

Front 112

Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Back 112

motor activity during sleep

Front 113

Compulsion

Back 113

uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetitively

Front 114

Dipsomania

Back 114

compulsion to drink alcohol

Front 115

Akathisia

Back 115

subjective feeling of muscular tension secondary to antipsychotic or other medication which can cause restlessness, pacing, repeated sitting and standing; can't be mistaken for psychotic agitation

Front 116

Compulsion

Back 116

uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetitively

Front 117

Kleptomania

Back 117

compulsion to steal

Front 118

Dipsomania

Back 118

compulsion to drink alcohol

Front 119

Nymphomania

Back 119

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a woman

Front 120

Kleptomania

Back 120

compulsion to steal

Front 121

Satyriasis

Back 121

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a man

Front 122

Nymphomania

Back 122

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a woman

Front 123

Trichotillomania

Back 123

compulsion to pull out hair

Front 124

Satyriasis

Back 124

excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a man

Front 125

Trichotillomania

Back 125

compulsion to pull out hair

Front 126

Ritual

Back 126

automatic activity, compulsive in nature, anxiety reducing in origin

Front 127

Ataxia

Back 127

failure of muscle corrdination, irregularity of muscle action

Front 128

Polyphagia

Back 128

pathological overeating

Front 129

Ritual

Back 129

automatic activity, compulsive in nature, anxiety reducing in origin

Front 130

Tremor

Back 130

rhythmical alteration in movement, which is usually faster than one beat a second; typically, tremors decrease during periods of relaxation and sleep and increase during periods of anger and increased tension

Front 131

Ataxia

Back 131

failure of muscle corrdination, irregularity of muscle action

Front 132

Floccillation

Back 132

aimless picking usually at clothing or bedclothes, commonly seen in delirium

Front 133

Polyphagia

Back 133

pathological overeating

Front 134

Hypactivity (hypokinesis)

Back 134

decreased motor and cognitive activity, as in psychomotr retardation; visible slowing of thought, speech, and movements

Front 135

Tremor

Back 135

rhythmical alteration in movement, which is usually faster than one beat a second; typically, tremors decrease during periods of relaxation and sleep and increase during periods of anger and increased tension

Front 136

Floccillation

Back 136

aimless picking usually at clothing or bedclothes, commonly seen in delirium

Front 137

Mimicry

Back 137

simple, imitative motor activity of childhood

Front 138

Hypactivity (hypokinesis)

Back 138

decreased motor and cognitive activity, as in psychomotr retardation; visible slowing of thought, speech, and movements

Front 139

Aggression

Back 139

forceful, goal-directed action that may be verbal or physical; the motor counterpart of the affects of rage, anger, or hostility

Front 140

Acting out

Back 140

direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in action; living out unconscious fantasy impulsivity in behavior

Front 141

Mimicry

Back 141

simple, imitative motor activity of childhood

Front 142

Abulia

Back 142

reduced impulse to act and think, associated with indifference about consequences of action, a result of neurological deficit

Front 143

Aggression

Back 143

forceful, goal-directed action that may be verbal or physical; the motor counterpart of the affects of rage, anger, or hostility

Front 144

Acting out

Back 144

direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in action; living out unconscious fantasy impulsivity in behavior

Front 145

Abulia

Back 145

reduced impulse to act and think, associated with indifference about consequences of action, a result of neurological deficit

Front 146

Anergia

Back 146

lack of energy

Front 147

Astasia abasia

Back 147

the inability to stand or walk in a normal manner, even though normal leg movements can be performed in a sitting or lying down position. The gait is bizarre and is not suggestive of a specific organixc lesion; seen in conversion disorder

Front 148

Coprophagia

Back 148

eating of filth or feces

Front 149

Dyskinesia

Back 149

difficulty in performing voluntary movements, as in extrapyramidal disorders

Front 150

Muscle rigidity

Back 150

state in which the muscles remain immovable; in in schizophrenia

Front 151

Twirling

Back 151

a sign present in autistic children who continually rotate in the direction in which their head is turned

Front 152

Bradykinesia

Back 152

slowness of motor activity with a decrease in normal sponatneous movement

Front 153

Chorea

Back 153

random and involuntary quick, jerky, purposeless movements

Front 154

Convulsion

Back 154

an involuntary, violent muscular contraction or spasm

Front 155

Clonic convulsion

Back 155

convulsion in which the muscles alternately contract and relax

Front 156

Tonic convulsion

Back 156

convulsion in which the muscle contraction is sustained

Front 157

Seizure

Back 157

an attack or sudden onset of certain symptoms, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, and psychic or sensory disturbances; seen in epilepsy and can be substance-induced

Front 158

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Back 158

generalized onset of tonic-clonic movements of the limbs, tongue biting, and incontinence followed by slow, gradual recovery of consciousness and cognition; also called grans mal seizure and psychomotor seizure

Front 159

Simple partial seizure

Back 159

localized ictal onset of seizure without alterations in consciousness

Front 160

Complex partial seizure

Back 160

localized ictal onset of seizure with alterations in consciosness

Front 161

Dystonia

Back 161

slow, sustained contractions of the trunk or limbs; seen in medication-induced dystonia

Front 162

Aminia

Back 162

inability to make gestures or to comprehend those made by others

Front 163

Thinking

Back 163

goal-direced flow of ideas, symbols, and associations initiated by a problem or task and leading toward a reality-oriented conclusion; when a logical sequence occurs, thinking is normal

Front 164

Abstract thinking

Back 164

ability to grasp the essentials of a whole, to break a whole into its parts, and to discern common properties.

Front 165

Mental disorder

Back 165

clinically significant behavior or psychological syndrome associated with distress or disability, not just an expected response to a particular event or limited to relations between a person and society

Front 166

Psychosis

Back 166

inability to distinguish reality from fantasy; impaired reality testing with the creation of a new reality

Front 167

Neurosis

Back 167

mental disorder in which reality testing is intact; behavior may not violate gross social norms, but is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment

Front 168

Reality testing

Back 168

objective evaluation and judgement of the world outside the self

Front 169

Formal thought disorder

Back 169

disturbance in the form of thought rather than the content of thought; thinking characterized by loosened associations, neoglisms, and ilogical constructs; thought process is disordered, and the person is defined as psychotic

Front 170

Illogical thinking

Back 170

thinking containing erroneous conclusions or internal contradictions; psychopathological only when it is marked and when not caused by cultural values or intellectual deficit

Front 171

Dereism

Back 171

mental activity not concordant with logic or experience

Front 172

Austistic thinking

Back 172

preoccupation with inner, private world; term used somewhat synonymously with dereism

Front 173

Magical thinking

Back 173

a form of dereistic thought; thinking similar to that of the preoperational phase in children (Jean Piaget), in which thoughts, words, or actions assume power (for example, to cause or prevent events)

Front 174

Primary Process thinking

Back 174

general tem for thinking that is dereistic, illogical, majical; normally found in dreams, abnormally in psychosis

Front 175

Emotional insight

Back 175

deep level of understanding or awareness that is likely to lead to positive changes in personality and behavior

Front 176

Neologism

Back 176

new word created by a patient, often by combining syllables of other words, for idiosyncratic psychological reasons

Front 177

Word salad

Back 177

incoherent mixture of words and phrases

Front 178

Circumstantiality

Back 178

indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets from original point to desired goal; characterized by an overinclusion of details and parenthetical remarks

Front 179

Tangentiality

Back 179

inability to have goal-directed associations of thought; speaker never gets from desired point to desired goal

Front 180

Incoherence

Back 180

thought that generally is not understanable; running together of thoughts or words with no logical or grammatical connection, resulting in disorganization

Front 181

Perseveration

Back 181

persisting response to a previous stimulus after a new stimulus has been presented; often associated with cognitive disorders

Front 182

Verbigeration

Back 182

meaningless repition with specific words or phrases

Front 183

Echolalia

Back 183

psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another; tends to be repetitive and persistent; may be spoken with mocking or staccato intonation

Front 184

Condensation

Back 184

fusion of various concepts into one

Front 185

Irrelevent answer

Back 185

answer that is not in harmony with the question asked (person appears to ignore or not attend to the question

Front 186

Loosening of associations

Back 186

flow of thought in which ideas shift from one subject to another in a completely unrelated way; when severe, speech may be incoherent

Front 187

Derailment

Back 187

gradual or sudden deviation in train of thought without blocking; sometimes used synonymously with loosening of associations

Front 188

Flight of ideas

Back 188

rapid, continuous verbalizations or plays on words produce constant shifting from one idea to another; ideas tend to be connected, and in the less severe form a listener may be able to follow them

Front 189

Clang association

Back 189

association of words similar in sound not in meaning; words have no logical connection; may include rhyming and punning

Front 190

Blocking (thought deprivation)

Back 190

abrupt interruption in train of thinking before a thought or idea is finished; after a brief pause, person indicates no recall of what was being said or was going to be said

Front 191

Glossolalia (speaking in tongues) (cryptolalia)

Back 191

expression of a revelatory message thoguh unintelligible words; not considered a disturbance in though if assocated with practices of specific Pentecostal religions

Front 192

Poverty of content

Back 192

thought that gives little information because of vagueness, empty repetitions, or obscure phrases

Front 193

Overvalued idea

Back 193

unreasonable, sustained false belief maintained less firmly than a delusion

Front 194

Delusion

Back 194

false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality, not consistent with patient's intelligence and cultural background; cannot be corrected by reasoning

Front 195

Bizarre delusion

Back 195

an absurd, totally implausible, strange false belief (example, invaders from space have implanted electrodes in a person's brain)

Front 196

Systematized delusion

Back 196

false belief or beliefs united by a single event or theme (for example, a person is being persecuted by the CIA, the FBI or the Mafia

Front 197

Mood-congruent delusion

Back 197

delusion with content that has no association to mood or is mood neutral (for example, a depressed patient has delusions of thought control or thought broadcasting)

Front 198

Nihilistic delusion

Back 198

false feeling that self, others, or the world is nonexistent or coming to an end)

Front 199

Delusion of poverty

Back 199

a person's false belief that he or she is bereft or will be deprived of all material possessions

Front 200

Somatic delusion

Back 200

false belief involving functioning of the body (for example, belief that the brain is rotting or melting)

Front 201

Paranoid delusions

Back 201

include persecutory delusions and delusions of reference, control, and grandeur(distinguished from paranoid ideation, which is suspiciousness of less than delusional proportions).

Front 202

Delusion of persecution

Back 202

a person's false belief that he or she is being harassed, cheated, or persecuted; often found in litigious patients who have a pathological tendency to take legal action because of imagined mistreatment

Front 203

Delusion of grandeur

Back 203

a person's exaggerated conception of his or her importance, power, or identity

Front 204

Delusion of reference

Back 204

a person's false belief that the behavior of others refers to himself or herself; that events, objects, or other people have a particular and unusual significance, usually of a negative nature; derived from idea of reference, in which a person falsely feels that others are talking about him or her

Front 205

Delusion of self-accusation

Back 205

false feeling of remorse and guilt

Front 206

Delusion of control

Back 206

false feeling that a person's will, thoughts, or feelings are being controlled by external forces

Front 207

Thought withdrawal

Back 207

delusion that thoughts are being removed from a person's mind by other people or forces

Front 208

Thought insertion

Back 208

a delusion that thoguths are being implanted in a person's mind by other people or forces

Front 209

Thought broadcasting

Back 209

delusion that person's thoughts can be heard by others, as thought they were being broadcast over the air

Front 210

Thought control

Back 210

delusion that a person's thoughts are being controlled by other people or forces

Front 211

Delusion of infidelity (delusional jealousy)

Back 211

false belief derived from pathological jealousy about a person's lover being unfaithful

Front 212

Erotomania (Clerambault-Kandinsky complex)

Back 212

delusional belief, more common in women than in men, that someone is deeply in love with them

Front 213

Pseudologia phantastica

Back 213

a type of lying in which a person appears to believe in the reality of his or her fantasies and acts on them; associated with Munchausen syndrome, repeated feigning of illness

Front 214

Trend or preoccupation of thought

Back 214

centering of thought content on a particular idea, associated with a stong affective tone, such as a paranoid trend or a suicidal or homicidal preoccupation

Front 215

Egomania

Back 215

pathological self-preoccupation

Front 216

Monomania

Back 216

preoccupation with a single object

Front 217

Monomania

Back 217

preoccupation with a single object

Front 218

Hypochondria

Back 218

exaggerated concern about health that is based not on real organic pathology but, rather, on unrealistic interpretations of physical signs or sensation as abnormal

Front 219

Obsession

Back 219

pathological persistence of an irresistible thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logical effort; associated with anxiety

Front 220

Compulsion

Back 220

pathological need to act on an impulse that, if resisted, produces anxiety; repetitive bahvior in response to an obsession or perfomed according to certain rules, with no true end in itself other than to prevent something from occurring in the future

Front 221

Coprolalia

Back 221

compulsive utterance of obscene words

Front 222

Erythrophobia

Back 222

dread of red (refers to a fear of blushing)

Front 223

Panphobia

Back 223

dread of everything

Front 224

Claustrophobia

Back 224

dread of closed places

Front 225

Xenophobia

Back 225

dread of strangers

Front 226

Zoophobia

Back 226

dread of animals

Front 227

Needle phobia

Back 227

the persistent, intense, pathological fear of recieving an injection

Front 228

Noesis

Back 228

a revelation in which immense illumination occurs in association with a sense that a person has been chosen to lead and command

Front 229

Unio mystica

Back 229

an oceanic feeling of mystic unity with an infinite power; not considered a disturbance in thought content if congruent with person's religious or cultural milieu

Front 230

Speech

Back 230

ideas, thoughts, feelings as expressed through language; communication through the use of words and language

Front 231

Pressure of speech

Back 231

rapid speech that is increased in amount and difficult to interrupt

Front 232

Volubility (logorrhea)

Back 232

copious, coherent, logical speech

Front 233

Poverty of speech

Back 233

restriction in the amount of speech used; replies may be monosyllabic

Front 234

nonspontaneous speech

Back 234

verbal responses given only when asked or spoken to directly; no self-initiation of speech

Front 235

Poverty of content of speech

Back 235

speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little information because of vagueness, emptiness, or stereotyped phrases

Front 236

Dysprosody (prosody)

Back 236

loss of normal speech melody

Front 237

Dysarthria

Back 237

difficulty in articulation, not in word finding or in grammer

Front 238

Excessively loud or soft speech

Back 238

loss of modulation of normal speech volume; may reflect a variety of pathological conditions ranging from psychosis to depression to deafness

Front 239

Stuttering

Back 239

frequent repitition or prolongation of a sound or syllable, leading to markedly impaired speech fluency

Front 240

Cluttering

Back 240

erratic and dysrhythmic speech, consisting of rapid and jerky spurts

Front 241

Aculalia

Back 241

nonsense speech associated with marked impairment of conprehension

Front 242

Bradylalia

Back 242

abnormally slow speech

Front 243

Dysphonia

Back 243

difficulty or pain in speaking

Front 244

Aphasic disturbances

Back 244

disturbances in language output

Front 245

Motor aphashia (Broca's, nonfluent, and expressive aphasia)

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disturbance of speech caused by a cognitive disorder in which undertsaning remains but the ability to speak is grossly impaired; halting, laborious, and inaccurate speech

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sensory aphasia (Wernicke's, fluent and receptive aphasia)

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organic loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning of words; fluid and spontaneous but incoherent and nonsensical speech

Front 247

Nominal aphasia (anomia, amnesic aphasia)

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difficulty in finding correct name for an object

Front 248

Syntactical aphasia

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inability to arrange words in proper sequence

Front 249

Jargon aphasia

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words produced are totally neologistic; nonsense words repeated with various intonations and inflections

Front 250

Global aphasia

Back 250

combination of a grossly nonfluent aphasia and a severe fluent aphasia

Front 251

Alogia

Back 251

inability to speak because of a mental deficiency or an episode of dementia

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Coprophasia

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involuntary use of vulgar or obscene language; seen in Tourette's dosorder and some cases of schizophrenia

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Perception

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process of transferring physical stimulus into psychological information; mental process by which sensory stimuli are brought to awareness

Front 254

Hallucination

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false sensory perception not associated with real external stimuli; there may or may not be a delusional interpretation of the hallucinatory experience

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Hypnagogic hallucination

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false sensory perception occurring while falling asleep; generally considered a nonpatholical phenomenon

Front 256

Hypnopompic hallucination

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false perception occurring while awakening from sleep; generally considered nonpathological

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Auditory hallucination

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false perception of sound, usually voices but also other noises, such as music; most common hallucination in psychiatric disorders

Front 258

Visual hallucination

Back 258

false perception involving sight consisting of both formed images (for example, people) and unformed images (for example, flashes of light); most common in medically determined disorders

Front 259

Olfactory hallucination

Back 259

false perception of smell; most common in medical disorders

Front 260

Gustatory hallucination

Back 260

false perception of taste, such as unpleasant taste, caused by an uncinate seizure; most common in medical disorders

Front 261

Tactile (haptic) hallucination

Back 261

false perception of touch or surface sensation, as from an amputaed limb (phantom limb); craling sensation on or under the skin (formication).

Front 262

Somatic hallucination (cenesthesic hallucination)

Back 262

false sensation of things occurring in or to the body, most often visceral in origin

Front 263

Lilliputian hallucination (micropsia)

Back 263

false perception in which objects are seen as reduced in size

Front 264

Mood-congruent hallucination

Back 264

hallucination in which the content is consistent with either a depressed or a manic mood (for example, a depressed patient hears voices saying that the patient is a bad person; a manic patient hears voices saying that the patient is of inflated worth, power, and knowledge).

Front 265

Mood-incongruent hallucination

Back 265

hallucination in which the content is not consistent with either depressed or manic mood(for example, in depression, hallucinations not involving such as themes as guilt, deserved punishment, or inadequacy; in mania, hallucinations not involving such themes as inflated worth and power

Front 266

Hallucinosis

Back 266

hallucinations, most often auditory, that are associated with chronic alcohol abuse and occur within a clear sensorium, as opposed to delirium tremens, hallucinations that occur in the context of a clouded sensorium

Front 267

Synethesia

Back 267

sensation or hallucination caused by another sensation (for example, anauditory sensation accomanied by or triggering a visual sensation; a sound experienced as being seen or a visual event experienced as being heard)

Front 268

trailing phenomenon

Back 268

perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinaogenic drugs in which moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and discontinuous images

Front 269

Command hallucination

Back 269

false perception of orders that a person may feel obliged to obey or unable to resist

Front 270

Illusion

Back 270

misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli

Front 271

Agnosia

Back 271

an inability to recognize and interpret the significance of sensory impressions

Front 272

Anosognia (ignorance of illness)

Back 272

a person's ability to recognize a neurological deficit as occurring to himself or herself

Front 273

Somatopagnosia (ignorance of the body) (autotopagnosia)

Back 273

a person's inability to recognize a body part as his or her own

Front 274

Visual agnosia

Back 274

inability to recognize objects or persons

Front 275

Astereognosis

Back 275

inability to recognize objects by touch

Front 276

Prosopagnosia

Back 276

inability to recognize faces

Front 277

Apraxia

Back 277

inability to carry out specific tasks

Front 278

Simultagnosia

Back 278

inability to comprehend more than one element of a visual scene at a time or to integrate the parts into a whole

Front 279

Adiadochokinesia

Back 279

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Front 280

Aura

Back 280

warning sensations such as automatisms, fullness in the stomach, blushing, and changes in respiration, cognitive sensations, and affective states usually experienced before seizure, a sensory prodrome that precedes a classic migraine headache

Front 281

Disturbances associated with conversion and dissociative phenomena

Back 281

somatization of repressed material or the development of physical symptoms and distortions involving the voluntary muscles or special sense organs; not under voluntary control and not explained by any physical disorder

Front 282

Hysterical anesthesia

Back 282

loss of sensory modalities resulting from emotional conflicts

Front 283

Macropsia

Back 283

state in which objects seen larger than they are

Front 284

Micropsia

Back 284

state in which objects seem smaller than they are (both macropsia and micropsia can also be associated with clear organic conditions, such as complex seizures)

Front 285

Depersonalization

Back 285

a person's subjective sense of being unreal, strange, or unfamiliar

Front 286

Derealization

Back 286

a subjective sense that the environment is strange or unreal; a feeling of changed reality

Front 287

Amnesia

Back 287

partial or total inability to recall past experiences; may be organic or emotional in origin

Front 288

Anterograde

Back 288

amnesia for events occurring before a point in time

Front 289

Retrograde

Back 289

amnesia for events occurring before a point in time

Front 290

Paramnesia

Back 290

falsification of memory by distortion of recall

Front 291

Fausse reconnaissance

Back 291

false recognition

Front 292

Deja vu

Back 292

illusion of visual recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a repitition of a previous memory

Front 293

Deja extende

Back 293

illusion of auditory recognition

Front 294

Deja pense

Back 294

illusion that a new thouth is recognized as a thought previously felt or expressed

Front 295

jamais vu

Back 295

false feeling of unfamiliarity with a real situation that a person has experienced

Front 296

false memory

Back 296

a person's recollection and belief by the patient of an event that did not actually occur

Front 297

Hypermnesia

Back 297

exaggerated degree of retension and recall

Front 298

Eidetic image

Back 298

visual memory of almost hallucinatory vividness

Front 299

Screen memory

Back 299

a consciously tolerable memory covering for a painful memory

Front 300

Repression

Back 300

a defense mechanism characterized by unconscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas or impulses

Front 301

lethologica

Back 301

temporary inability to remember a name or a proper noun

Front 302

Blackout

Back 302

amnesia experienced by alcoholics about behavior during drinking bouts; usually indicates that reversible brain damage has occurred

Front 303

Multiple personality (dissociative identity disorder)

Back 303

one person who appears at different times to be two or more entirely different personalities and characters

Front 304

Dissociation

Back 304

unconscious defense mechanism involving the segregation of any group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person's psychic activity; ,ay entail the separation of an idea from its accompanying emotional tone, as seen in dissociative and conversion disorders

Front 305

confabulation

Back 305

unconscious filling of gaps in memory by imagined or untrue experiences that a person believes but that have no basis in fact; most often associated with organic pathology

Front 306

Immediate memory

Back 306

reproduction or recall of perceived material within seconds to minutes

Front 307

Recent memory

Back 307

recall of events over the past few days

Front 308

Recent past memory

Back 308

recall of events over the past few months

Front 309

remote memory

Back 309

recall of events in distant past

Front 310

Alexia

Back 310

loss of a previously possessed reading facility, not explained by defective visual acuity

Front 311

Dysgraphia (agraphia)

Back 311

loss of ability to write in cursive style; loss of word structure

Front 312

Rabbit syndrome

Back 312

tremor affecting the lips and perioral muscles; most commonly considered part of the syndrome of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism

Front 313

Parkinsonian features

Back 313

slowed thinking, worsening of negative symptoms, excessive salivation, drooling, shuffling gait, micrographia, seborrhea, and dysphoria

Front 314

Cogwheel rigidity

Back 314

occurs around the axis of the wrist and encounters a regular, rhythmycal, ratchet-like resistance

Front 315

3 steps in treating parkinsonian symptoms

Back 315

reduce the dosage of the neuroleptic, instituting antiextrapyramidal system medications, and possible changing the neuroleptic

Front 316

Stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors

Back 316

reduces the firing rate of noradrenergic, neurons and reduces plasma concentration of norepinephrine used in ADHA, opioid withdrawal. Tourette's disorder, and suppression of agitation in PTSD

Front 317

Clonidine and guanfacine are effective in reducing the autonomic symptoms of rapid opioid withdrawal (e.g. htn, tachycardia, dilated, pupils, sweating, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea)

Back 317

Clonidine and guanfacine can reduce symptoms of alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawal, including anxiety, diarrhea, and tachycardia. Also reduce craving, anxiety, and irritability symptoms of nicotine