Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Penicillin-G
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
Penicillin-V
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
naficillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
oxacillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
cloxacillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
dicloxacillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
methicillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
amoxicillin (amino penicillin)
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
ampicillin (amino penicillin)
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
ticarcillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
piperacillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
mezlocillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
carbenicillin
|
Allergic hypersensitivity - iImmediate response mediated by IgE (hives and anaphylactic shock), delayed hypersensitivity (hepatitis and rash); Seizures with high IV doses
|
|
|
sulbactam
|
|
|
|
clavulanic acid
|
|
|
|
cephalexin
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
cefazolin
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
cefaclor
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
cefuroxime
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
cefexime
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
ceftazidime
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
ceftriaxone
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
cefepime
|
some allergic cross-reactivity with penicillins; "superinfection" with C.difficile
|
|
|
imipenem
|
seizures in patients with epilepsy; anemia; thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
meropenem
|
seizures in patients with epilepsy; anemia; thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
ortapenem
|
seizures in patients with epilepsy; anemia; thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
doripenem
|
seizures in patients with epilepsy; anemia; thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
aztreonam
|
seizures; leukopenia
|
|
|
vancomycin
|
nephrotoxicity; ototoxicity; "Red Man/ Red Neck" Syndrome due to rapid IV infusion causing histamine release leading to rash, flushing and itching
|
|
|
bacitracin
|
very nephrotoxic
|
|
|
fosomycin
|
|
|
|
cycloserine
|
|
|
|
Name
|
side effects/toxicity
|
|
|
erythromycin
|
GI upset (°Ë°Ë motility); inhibits P-450; ototoxicity; hepatotoxic
|
|
|
clarithromycin
|
GI upset (°Ë°Ë motility); inhibits P-451; ototoxicity; hepatotoxic
|
|
|
azithromycin
|
GI upset (°Ë°Ë motility); inhibits P-452; ototoxicity; hepatotoxic
|
|
|
telithromycin
|
GI upset (°Ë°Ë motility); inhibits P-450; ototoxicity; hepatotoxic + severe liver toxicity; can worsen myasthenia gravis
|
|
|
streptomycin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage)
|
|
|
gentamycin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage) + irreversible effects on blance
|
|
|
tobramycin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage)
|
|
|
neomycin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage) + °Ë°Ë nephrotoxicity
|
|
|
amikacin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage)
|
|
|
kanamycin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage)
|
|
|
metilmicin
|
ototoxic (hearing loss, loss of balance); nephrotoxic (esp. in pt. with kidney dysfunction); most common cause of drug-induced renal failure; °ÈACH receptors on muscle - at hight doses leads to neuromuscular blockade (reversible paralysis); pregnancy category D (fetal damage)
|
|
|
tetracycline
|
binds to cations esp. Ca (also Fe, Al), binds to Ca in teeth leads to permanent "mottling", bone deformation, pregnancy cat. D, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, GI upset, allergic photosensitivity
|
|
|
doxycycline
|
binds to cations esp. Ca (also Fe, Al), binds to Ca in teeth leads to permanent "mottling", bone deformation, pregnancy cat. D, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, GI upset, allergic photosensitivity
|
|
|
minocycline
|
binds to cations esp. Ca (also Fe, Al), binds to Ca in teeth leads to permanent "mottling", bone deformation, pregnancy cat. D, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, GI upset, allergic photosensitivity
|
|
|
tigecycline
|
binds to cations esp. Ca (also Fe, Al), binds to Ca in teeth leads to permanent "mottling", bone deformation, pregnancy cat. D, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, GI upset, allergic photosensitivity
|
|
|
chloramphenicol
|
inhibits P450; aplastic anemia; not well metabolized by newborns which leads to increased concentrations and vasomotor collapse ("gray baby syndrome"); hemolytic anemia in pt. with G6PDH deficiency; pregnancy cat. C
|
|
|
clindamycin
|
severe superinfection with C. difficile
|
|
|
lincomycin
|
severe superinfection with C. difficile
|
|
|
quinupristin
|
inhibit P450, cause some joint and muscle pain
|
|
|
dalfopristin
|
inhibit P451, cause some joint and muscle pain
|
|
|
linezolid
|
anemia, thrombocytopenia
|
|
|
Name
|
side effects/toxicity
|
|
|
daptomycin
|
possible effect on muscle
|
|
|
ciprofloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
ofloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
gatifloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
moxifloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
levofloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
gemifloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
norfloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
lomefloxacin
|
damage developing cartilage, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture
|
|
|
sulfonamides
|
allergic rash including Stevens Johnson Syndrome
|
|
|
sulfisoxazole
|
allergic rash including Stevens Johnson Syndrome
|
|
|
sulfacetamide
|
allergic rash including Stevens Johnson Syndrome
|
|
|
sulfadiazine
|
allergic rash including Stevens Johnson Syndrome
|
|
|
trimethoprim
|
megaloblastic anemia; leukopenia, granulocytopenia; prevented by use of folinic acid
|
|
|
metronidazole
|
high IV doses = seizures
|
|
|
nitrofurantoin
|
cough, chest pain, brown urine, hemolytic anemia in G6PDH def. pt.
|
|
|
polymixin
|
neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, neuromuscular blockade
|
|
|
gramicidin
|
|
|
|
neomycin
|
|
|
|
mupirocin
|
|
|
|
retapamulin
|
|
|
|
neosporin solution
|
|
|
|
polysporin
|
|
|
|
polytrim
|
|
|
|
isoniazid
|
slow acetylators have more side effects; increased excretion of vitamin B6°Ê niacin deficiency°Ê pellegra; optic neuritis; hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
rifampin
|
hepatotoxicity; red color in all body fluids; induces p450
|
|
|
pyrazinamide
|
hepatitis
|
|
|
ethambutol
|
optic neuritis, altered color vision
|
|
|
dapsone
|
hemolytic anemia, rash
|
|
|
nystatin
|
|
|
|
amphotericin B
|
|
|
|
natamycin
|
|
|
|
tolnaftate
|
|
|
|
ciclopirox
|
|
|
|
terbinafine
|
|
|
|
miconazole
|
|
|
|
clotrimazole
|
|
|
|
"azoles"
|
|
|
|
griseofulvin
|
rash dervied from penicillin species; induces p450
|
|
|
terbinafine
|
inhibits p450
|
|
|
amphotericin B
|
"amphoterrible B"; >80% have impaired renal function; >50% fever, convulsions, vomiting, headache, anemia
|
|
|
ketoconazole
|
also inhibits human p450 - causes side effects; decrease adrenal, gonadal steroids in humans
|
|
|
clotrimazole
|
also inhibits human p451 - causes side effects; decrease adrenal, gonadal steroids in humans
|
|
|
fluconazole generic
|
|
|
|
itraconazole generic
|
strong p450 inhibitor; cause heart problems
|
|
|
posaconazole
|
|
|
|
voriconazole
|
|
|
|
flucytosine
|
can be converted to 5FU in humans by bacteria in gut; side effects of any anti-cancer agent - gi-upset, bone marrow depression
|
|
|
terbinafine
|
liver damage
|
|
|
caspofungin
|
fetal damage
|
|
|
micafungin
|
fetal damage
|
|
|
anidulafungin
|
fetal damage
|
|
|
Name
|
side effects/toxicity
|
|
|
metronidazole
|
high doses - neuronal effects (peripheral neuropathy, seizures); inhibits ethanol metabolism
|
|
|
tinidazole
|
fewer side effects
|
|
|
nitazoxanide
|
makes eyes yellow
|
|
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
|
chloroquine
|
high doses - dizziness, headache, phychosis, rash, haemophilius in G6PDH def. pt.
|
|
|
mefloquine
|
|
|
|
quinine
|
blurred vision, hearing loss, cardiovascular effects (decreased myocardial contraction), nausea, hemolysis
|
|
|
primaquine
|
hemolysis in G6PDH def. pt
|
|
|
progunail pyrimethamine
|
|
|
|
sulfadoxine
|
|
|
|
atovaquone
|
|
|
|
artimisinins (artesunate artemether)
|
|
|
|
acyclovir
|
renal damage; enters CNS- delirium
|
|
|
valacyclovir
|
|
|
|
famciclovir
|
|
|
|
ganciclovir
|
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, teratogen
|
|
|
valganciclovir
|
|
|
|
cidofovir
|
nephrotoxic
|
|
|
foscarnet
|
renal damage
|
|
|
fomivirsen
|
|
|
|
lamivudine
|
|
|
|
adefovir
|
renal, liver problems
|
|
|
entecavir
|
liver problems, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
Name
|
side effects/toxicity
|
|
|
ribavirin
|
mutagenic - pregnancy cat. C; hemolytic anemia; decreased pulmonary function; cardiac arrest
|
|
|
amantadine
|
renal failure; teratogen; enters CNS- dizziness, slurred speech, confusion
|
|
|
rimantadine
|
fewer side effects
|
|
|
zanamivir
|
|
|
|
oseltamivir
|
|
|
|
recombinant interferon alpha
|
|
|
|
didanosine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
abacavir
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
zidovudine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
zalcitabine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
lamivudine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
emtricitibine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
stavudine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
telbivudine
|
all can cause: anemias, neutropenias, muscle pain and damage; some can cause: pancreatitis, lactic acidosis
|
|
|
nevirapine
|
Steven's-Johnson syndrome
|
|
|
delaviridine
|
Steven's-Johnson syndrome; hepatotoxicity
|
|
|
efavirenz
|
CNS toxicity; hallucinations
|
|
|
saquinavir
|
nausea, inhibit p450; alter fat distribution
|
|
|
ritonavir
|
nausea, inhibit p451; alter fat distribution
|
|
|
indinavir
|
nausea, inhibit p452; alter fat distribution
|
|
|
nelfinavir
|
nausea, inhibit p453; alter fat distribution
|
|
|
amprenavir
|
nausea, inhibit p454; alter fat distribution
|
|
|
enfuvirtide
|
|
