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SHRM-Workplace2

Shrm-Workplace2

by Csingh723, Jun. 2016

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120 Cards in this Set

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ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA)	Amendments to Americans with Disabilities Act covering the definition of individuals regarded as having a disability, mitigating measures, and other rules of construction to guide the analysis of what constitutes a disability. Adverse impact	Type of discrimination that results when a neutral policy has a discriminatory effect
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)	Act that prohibits discrimination in employment for persons age 40 and over.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)	Act that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual with a disability because of his/her disability.
Assignees	Employees who work outsied their home countries.
Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)	Situation in which religion, sex, or national origin is reasonably necessary to carrying out a particular job function in the normal operations of an organization.
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth	Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.
Civil law	Legal system based on written codes (laws, rules, or regulations).
Civil Rights Act of 1964	First comprehensive US law making it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1991	Act that expands the possible damage awards available to victims of intentional discrimination to include compensatory and punitive damages	gives plantiffs in cases of alleged discrimination the right to a jury trial.
Code of Conduct	Principles of conduct within an organization that guide decision making and behavior	also known as code of ethics.
Common law	Legal system in which each case is considered in terms of how it relates to legal decisions that have already been made	evolves through judicial decision over time.
Comparable worth	Concept that states that jobs requiring comparable skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions filled primarily by women should have the same job classification and salary as similar jobs filled by men.
Compliance program	System for ensuring that policies and procedures addressing issues identified in the code of conduct are presented to and understood and acted on by everyone in the organization and for evaluating the results of those efforts.
Conflict of interest	Situation in which a person or organization has the potential to be influenced by two opposing sets of incentives.
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)	Act that provides individuals and dependents who may lose medical coverage with opportunity to pay to continue coverage.
Contingency plan	Protocol that an organization implements to respond to an unplanned but identified risk event.
Corporate social responsibiltiy (CSR)	Recognition of the impact a corporation has on the lives of its stakeholders (including shareholders, employees, communities, customers, and suppliers) and the environment	can include corporate governance, corporate philanthropy, sustainability, and employee rights and workplace safety.
Cultural relativism	Concept that argues that ethical behavior is determined by local culture, laws, and business practices.
Culture	Set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors shared by members of a group and passed down from one generation to the next.
Dilemma	reconciliation Process of charting a course through cultural differences.
Disability	Physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities.
Disparate impact	Type of discrimination that results when a neutral policy has a discriminatory effect	also known as adverse impact
Disparate treatment	Type of discrimination that occurs when an applicant or employee is treated differently because of his or her membership in a protected class.
Diversity	Differences in characteristics of people	can involve personality, work style, race, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, functional level at work, etc.
Diversity council	Task force created to define a diversity and inclusion initiative and guide the development and implementation process.
Diversity dimensions	Framework for understanding that range and complexity of diversity	includes four layers (personality, internal dimensions, external dimensions, and organizational dimensions) also known as identity group.
Diversity of thought	Concept describing the presence of different types of cognitive processes in a workplace	opposed to "groupthink" or similarity of thought processes and opinions.
Drug-free Workplace Act	Requires federal contractors with contracts of100,000 or more as well as recipients of grants from federal government to certify they are maintaining a drug-free workplace.
Due process	Concept that laws are enforcced only through accepted, codified procedures.
Duty of care	Principle that organizations should take all steps that are reasonably possible to ensure the health, safelty, and well-being of employees and protect them from forseeable injury.
Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)	Act that generally prevents employers engaged in or affecting interstate commerce from using lie detector tests either for preemployment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions.
Employee resource group (ERG)	Voluntary group for employees who share a particular diversity dimension (race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.): also known as affinity group or network group.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)	Act that established uniform minimum standards for employer-sponsored retirement and health and welfare benefit programs.
Employees	Individuals who exchange work for wages or salary	in the US, works who are covered by Fair Labor Standards Act regulations as determined by the IRS.
Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI)	Type of liability insurance covering an organization against claims by employees, former employees and employment candidates alleging that their legal rights in the employment relationship have been violated.
Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1972	act that amended Title VII and gave the Equal Opportunity Commission authority to implement its administrative findings and conduct its own enforcement litigation.
Equal Pay Act (EPA)	Act that prohibits wage discrimination by requiring equal pay for equal work.
Ethical universalism	Concept that argues that there are fundamental ethical principles that apply across cultures
Ethics	Set of behavioral guidelines by which all directors, managers, and employees of an organization are expected to behave to ensure appropriate moral and ethical business standards, typcially beyond the letter of the law.
Exempt employees	Employees who are excluded from FLSA minimum wage and overtime pay requirements.
Extraterritoriality	Extension of the power of a country's laws over its citizens outside that country's sovereign national boundaries.
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act)	Act that provides some relief to employers using third parties to conduct workplace investigations.
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)	Act that protects privacy of background information and ensures that information supplied is accurate.
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)	Act that regulates employee status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping, and other administrative concerns.
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)	Act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee.
Faragher v.City of Boca Raton	Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.
Gender	Refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
General Duty Clause	Statement in Occupational Safety and Health Act that requires employers subject to OSHA to provide employees with a safe and healthy work environment.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)	Act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance.
Global integration (GI) strategy	Globalization strategy that emphasizes consistency of approach, standardization of processes, and a common corporate culture across global operations.
Global mindset	Ability to take an international, multidimensional perspective that is inclusive of other cultures, perspectives, and views.
Global remittances	Monies sent back home by migrants working in foreign countries.
Glocalization	Characteristic of an organization with a strong global image but an equally strong local identity.
Governance	System of rules and processes an organization puts inplace to ensure its compliance with local and international laws, accounting rules, eithical norms, and its own codes of conduct.
Griggs v. Duke Power	1971 case that recognized adverse impact discrimination.
Hazard	Potential for harm, often associated with a condition of activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in injury or illness.
High-context culture	Society or group where people have close connections over a long period of time and where many aspects of behavior are not made explicit, because most members know what to do and think from years of interaction.
Hostile environment harassment	Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual's performance	creates an intimidating, threatening, or humiliating work environment
Identity alignment	Extent to which diversity is embraced in management of people, products/services, and branding.
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)	Act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship	establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee's identity and eligibility to work.
Inclusion	Extent to which each person in an organization feels welcomed, respected, supported, and valued as a team member.
Independent contractors	Self-employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services.
Insourcing	Transferring a previously outsourced function back in-house.
Intercultural wisdom	Capacity to recognize, interpret, and behaviorally adapt to multicultural situations and contexts	also called cultural intelligence.
Jurisdiction	Right of a legal body to exert authority over a given geographical territory, subject matter, or a persons or institutions.
Key risk indicators (KRIs)	Metrics that provide an early warning of increasing levels of uncertainty in a particular business area.
Labor-Management Relations Act (LMRA)	Act that provides balance of power between union and management by designating certain union activities as unfair labor practices	also known as Taft-Harley Act.
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)	Act that protects the rights of union members from corrupt or discriminatory labor unions	also known as Landrum-Griffin Act.
Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB	1992 case in which that US Supreme Court ruled that an employer cannot be compelled to allow non employee organizers onto the business property.
Ledbetter v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.	2007 case in which the US Supreme Court ruled that claims of sex discrimination in pay under Title VII were not timely because discrimination charges were not filed with the EEOC within the required 180 -day time frame.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act	Act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and expands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against.
Local responsiveness (LR) strategy	Globalization strategy that emphasizes adapting to the needs of local markets and allows subsidiaries to develop unique products, structures, and systems.
Low-context culture	Society in which people tend to have many social connections but of shorter duration and where behavior and beliefs may need to be described explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave.
Moral hazard	Situation in which one party engages in risky behavior knowing that it is protected against the risk because another party will assume any resulting loss.
National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAA)	Acts that expanded FMLA leave for employees with family members who are covered members of the military.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius	Supreme Court ruling that PPACA requirement that individuals purchase health insurance was contitutional but that requirement that states expand Medicaid was not.
National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)	Act that protects the rights of employees to organize unhampered by management	also known as Wagner Act.
National origin	Refers to the country (including those that no longer exist) of one's birth or of one's ancestors' birth.
NLRB v. Weingarten	Landmark 1975 labor relations case that dealt with the right of a unionized employee to have another person present during certain investigatory interviews.
Nonexempt employees	Employees covered under FLSA regulations, including minimum wage and overtime pay requirements.
Occupational illness	Medical condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment.
Occupational injury	Injury that results from a work-related accident or exposure involving a single incident in the work environment.
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act	Act that established the first national policy for safety and health and continues to deliver standards that employers must meet to guarantee the health and safety of their employees.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)	Agency that administers and enforces the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
Offshoring	Situation in which a company relocates processes or production to an internation location by means of subsiiaries or third-party affiliates.
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA)	Act that amended ADEA to include all employee benefits	also provided terminated employees with time to consider group termination or retirement programs and consult an attorney.
Overtime pay	Required for nonexempt workers under FLSA at 1.5 times the regular rate of pay for hours over 40 in a workweek.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)	2010 law that requires virtually all citizens and legal residents of the US to have minimum health coverage and requires employerss with more than 50 full-time employees to provide health coverage that meets minimum benefit specifications or pay a penalty.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)	Set up by ERISA to insure payment of benefits in the event that a private-sector defined benefit pension plan terminates with insufficient funds to pay the benefits.
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation 1971	case that stated that an employer may not, in the absence of business necessity, refuse to hire women with preschool aged children while hiring men with such children.
Portal -to-Portal Act	Act that defines what is included as hours worked and is therefore compensable and a factor in calculating overtime.
Pregnancy Discrimination Act	Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Principal-agent problem	Situation in which an agent (e.g. an employee) makes decision for a principal (e.g. an employer) potentially on the basis of personal incentives that are not aligned wit the agent's incentives.
Process alignment	Extent to which underlying operations such as IT, finance, or HR integrate across locations.
Protected class	People who are covered under federal or state antidiscrimination law.
Prudent person rule	States that an ERISA plan fiduciary has legal and financial obligations not to take more risks when investing employee benefit program funds than a reasonably knowledgeable, prudent investor would under similar circumstances.
Quid pro quo harrassment	Type of sexual harrassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a supervisor's sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment.
Redeployment	Process by which an organization moves an employee out of an international assignment	can involve moving back to the home country, moving to a different global location, or moving to a new location or new position in the current host country.
Repatriation	Process of reintegrating employees back into the home country after an assignment	includes adjustment to the new job and readjustment to the home culture and conditions.
Residual risk	Amount of uncertainty that remains after all risk management efforts have been exhausted.
Reverse innovation	Innovations created for or by emerging-economy markets and then imported to developed-economy markets.
Risk	The effect of uncertainty on objectives	outcomes may include opportunities or threats.
Risk appetite	Amount of risk the organization or function is willing to pursue or accept to attain its goals
Risk control	An action taken to manage a risk.
Risk management	Identification, evaluation, and control of risk that may affect an organization, typically incorporating the use of insurance and other strategies.
Risk position	An organization's desired gain or acceptable loss in value.
Risk scorecard	Tool used to gather individual assessments of various characteristics of risk (e.g., frequency of occurrence, degree of impact/loss/gain for the organization, degree of efficacy of current controls).
Risk tolerance	Amount of uncertainty an organization is willing to pursue or to accept to attain its risk management goals.
Rule of law	Concept that stipulates that no individual is beyond the reach of the law and that authority is exercised only in accordance with written and publicly disclosed laws.
Stakeholders	All those effected by an organization's social, environmental, and economic impact - shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, regulators, and local communities.
Sustainability	Practices that balance economic, social and environmental interests to secure the interests of present and future generations.
Totalization agreements	Bilateral agreements entered into by many countries to eliminate double taxation for individuals on international assignment.
Triple bottom line	Economic, social, and environmental impact metrics used to determine an organization's success.
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures	Act that protects the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of persons who serve or have served in the uniformed services.
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)	Act that protects the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of persons who serve or have served in the uniformed services.
Vesting	Process by which a retirement benefit becomes nonforfeitable.
Vicarious liability	Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.
Weingarten rights	Union employees' right to have a union representative or coworker present during an investigatory interview.
Worker Adjustment and Retaining Notification (WARN) Act	Act that requires some employers to give a minimum of 60 days' notice if a plant is to close or if mass layoffs will occur.
Workweek	Any fixed, recurring period of 168 consecutive hours (7 day times 24 hours = 168 hours).