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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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scapulohumeral rhythm |
coordinated movement of scapula needed to facilitate movement of humerus initial 30-90 degrees= scapula abducts and upwardly rotates 1 degree for every 2 degree of humeral elevation >90 degree scapula and humerus 1:1 |
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sternoclavicular joint sprain |
indirect force though humerus blow to clavicle it is an anterior displacement s+s: grade 2 unable to horizontally adduct grade 3: prominent displacement of proximal clavicle |
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acromioclavicular joint |
direct blow fall on point of shoulder/ outstretched hand/tip of elbow grade 1: mild stretching of AC ligament. no discomfort on abduction grade 2: rupture of AC ligament. some displacement, unable to abduct though ROM, moderate swelling, pain w/ downward pressure on clavicle grade 3: rupture of AC ligaments and coracoclavicular ligament. demonstrates instability, obvious swelling and bruising. visible step deformity grade 4-6 caused by violent forces. extensive mobility due to tear of deltoid and trapezius attachement to clavicle (distal) |
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glenohumeral sprain |
forceful abduction and external rotation joint capsule stretches and tears (3rd degree sprain or dislocation) and humeral head moves into antero-inferior direction s+s: active ROM-slight limitation grade 2: swelling, ecchymosis, decreased ROM |
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glenohumeral instability |
->anterior blow to posterolateral shoulder. indirect force with shoulder in abduction, external rotation, extension repetitive throwing motion or swimmin involves middle and inferior glenohumeral ligament ->posterior posterior forces with humerus in flexion and internal rotation |
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glenohumeral dislocation |
->anterior intense pain will not abduct or internal rotate arm held in slight abduction, stabilized against body ->posterior will not abduct or external rotate or supinate |
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bankart lesion |
glenoid labrum tear damage to the anterior lip of the glenoid labrum associated with anterior dislocation degeneration and aging |
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slap lesion |
glenoid labrum tear involves superior labrum and disruption of the attachement of the long head of the biceps tendon s+s: pain, catching, weakness with arm over head |
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overuse injury |
joint forces: compressive and shear forces deltoid vs rotator cuff - force couple action |
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rotator cuff/impingement |
rotator cuff (primarily supraspinatous) partial tear, total tear impingement syndrome rotator cuff and subacromial bursa against the coracoacromial ligament and greater tubercle of the humerus |
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contributing factors of impingement syndrome |
repetitive overhead movements thickness and lack of flexibility of the supraspinatous and the biceps brachii weak/tight posterior of cuff muscles use of training devices hypermobility of shoulder joints imbalance of muscle strength shape of acromion s+s: deep pain painful arc unable to sleep on involved side |
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busitis |
subacromial bursa s+s sudden shoulder pain point tenderness pain arm pain sleeping on involved side |
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bicipital tendonitis |
repetitive overhead involving excessive elbow flexion and supination tendon goes back and forth in groove direct blow s+s pain with passive stretch in extension with elbow extended and forearm pronated |
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frozen shoulder |
adhesive capsulitis mostly in older individuals contracted and thickened capsule inflammation with fibrosis progressive decrease in ROM capsular pattern |
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biceps tendon rupture |
prolonged tendinitis makes tendon vulnerable during overhead motions forceful flexion against resistance s+s: intense pain visible palpable defect in muscle belly during flexion weakness in flexion and supination |
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brachial plexus |
extension, external rotation, neck side flexion and or rotation stretch or compression of lower trunk of brachial plexus = weakness, paresis, paresthesia, anesthesia, paralysis is usually transitory |
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thoracic outlet compression syndrome |
nerves and or vessels become compressed in proximal neck and axilla s+s (neuro) stretch or compression involving lower trunk brachial plexus. pins and needles, numbness in side or back of neck that extends. weakness in hand strength (vascular) compression of subclavian artery and vein vein: edema, hand stiffness, venous engorgement artery: rapid onset of coolness, numbness of entire arm, obliterated radial pulse with adson, allen or costoclavicular |
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Fractures |
atraumatic osteolysis of distal clavicle due to repetitive trauma or post traumatic injury to distal clavicle of AC joint bone resorption causes cystic changes and erosive changes s+s: dull ache over AC joint pain with horizontal adduction and abduction >90 degree |
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traumatic clavicular fracture |
direct or indirect force s+s: proximal fragment upward distal shoulder collapse visible and palpable deformity pain with any motion |
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scapular fracture |
direct force or indirect force (ex: car accident) s+s minimal pain localized pain and hemorrhage |
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epiphyseal fracture |
"little league shoulder" proximal humerus. due to medial rotation and adduction proximal growth plate doest close until 18-21 years medial one until 25 years s+s: acute shoulder pain with throwing hand pain with deep palpation in axilla. |
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avulsion fracture |
coracoid process due to forceful throwing; greater and lesser tubercles associated with dislocation deep palpation = pain |
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humeral fracture |
direct blow fall on outstretched hand s+s: inability to move arm/supinate arm possible paralysis |
