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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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# 37 What are important factors concerning the treatment of sepsis?
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- must be treated in hospital, usually ICU
- IV fluids to maintain BP, Oxygen, Broad spectrum antibiotics until organism is identified - Plasma may be needed for clotting abnormalities |
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#24 What are the risk factors of septic shock?
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-diabetes
-immunocompromising conditions - long term antibiotic use - recent infection -recent medical procedure -recent use of steroids |
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What is the pathophysiology of septic shock?
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-septic shocks results from the host innate immune response to infectious organisms that may be blood borne or localized
-most cases [70%] are caused by endotoxin producing gram-negative bacilli |
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#5 What are the treatment(s) for DIC?
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-anticoagulants to free clotting factors or coagulants contained in fresh frozen plasma
-definitive treatment must be directed at the cause of DIC |
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Thrombocytopenia
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-Pesence of relatively few platelets
[100,000 cells/microLiter or less] characterized by spontaneous bleeding, prolonged bleeding time, and a normal PT & PTT |
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Shock
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-final common pathway for a # of potentially lethal clinical events [severe hemorrhage, trauma or burns, pulmonary embolism, or sepsis]
- causes systemic hypoperfusion due to either reduced cardiac output or circulating blood volume |
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embolism
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migration of clots
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infarction
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obstructed blood supply causing cell death
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hyperemia
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an ACTIVE process resulting from augmented blood flow due to arteriolar dilation
-affected tissue is redder b/c of engorgement w/ oxygenated blood |
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steps to DIC
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-make 1000s of tiny clots using up all clotting factors
-when clotting factors are gone, pt. starts hemorrhaging all over > occurs in minutes |
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Common sources of tissue factor that can trigger DIC
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-major trauma to tissues
- placenta in obstetric complications -mucous released by adenocarcinomas -bacterial endotoxins -interleukin-1 & TNF-alpha -temperature extremes |
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DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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VVE
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vegetative valvular endocarditis
-thrombi-but not blood clot! -large, irregular, & friable massess of thrombi -typically caused by organisms [bacteria, fungi] -typical in IV drug usesers |
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Complications of Septicemia
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-irreversible shock
-Waterhouse-Fridrichsen Syndrome - adult respiratory distress syndrome [ards] |
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Prognosis of septicemia
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Death rate exceeds 50% depending on type of organism involved
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Septicemia Sypmtoms
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-fever
-chills -toxing looking [acutely ill] -changes in mental state -shock -skin signs from clotting abnormalities [petechia, ecchymosis, gangrene] -decreased/no urine output |
