Shock And Multisystem Failure

Front 1

Shock can best be defined as a condition in which tissue perfusion is ______ to deliver oxygen and nutrients to support vital organs and cellular function.

Back 1

Inadequate

Hint 1

Shock and Its Significance

Front 2

Adequate blood flow to the tissues and cells requires the following components:

Back 2

Adequate cardiac pump; effective vasculature or circulatory system; sufficient blood volume

Hint 2

Shock and Its Significance

Front 3

Without treatment, ______ blood flow to the tissues results in poor delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells, cellular starvation, cell death, organ dysfunction progressing to organ failure, and eventual death.

Back 3

Inadequate

Hint 3

Shock and Its Significance

Front 4

Shock affects ______ body systems. It may develop ______ or ______, depending on the underlying cause.

Back 4

All; rapidly or slowly

Hint 4

Shock and Its Significance

Front 5

During shock, the body struggles to survive, calling on all its ______ mechanisms to restore blood flow.

Back 5

hemeostatic

Hint 5

Shock and Its Significance

Front 6

Any insult to the body can create a cascade of events resulting in poor tissue ______. Therefore, almost any patient with any disease state may be at risk for developing ______.

Back 6

Perfusion; shock

Hint 6

Shock and It's Significance

Front 7

Nursing care of patients with shock requires ongoing systematic ______.

Back 7

Assessment

Hint 7

Shock and Its Singificance

Front 8

Circulatory shock state resulting from a severe allergic reaction producting an overwhelming systemic vasodilation and relative hypovolemia:

Back 8

Anaphylactic shock

Hint 8

Glossary

Front 9

Messenger substances that may be released by a cell to create an action at that site or be carried by the bloodstream to a distant site before being activated; also called cytokines:

Back 9

Biochemical mediators

Hint 9

Glossary

Front 10

Shock state resulting from impairment of failure of the myocardium:

Back 10

Cardiogenic shock

Hint 10

Glossary

Front 11

Intravenous solutions that contain molecules that are too large to pass through capillary membranes:

Back 11

Colloids

Hint 11

Glossary

Front 12

Electrolyte solutions that move freely between the intravascular compartment and interstitial spaces:

Back 12

Crystalloids

Hint 12

Glossary

Front 13

Shock state resulting from displacement of blood volume creating a relative hypovolemia and inadequate delivery of oxygen to the cells; also called distributive shock:

Back 13

Circulatory shock

Hint 13

Glossary

Front 14

Shock state resulting from decreased intravascular volume due to fluid loss:

Back 14

Hypovolemic shock

Hint 14

Classification of Shock

Front 15

Circulatory shock state resulting from overwhelming infection causing relative hypovolemia:

Back 15

Septic shock

Hint 15

Glossary

Front 16

Shock state resulting from loss of sympathetic tone causing relative hypovolemia:

Back 16

Neurogenic shock

Hint 16

Glossary

Front 17

Physiologic state in which there is inadequate blood flow to tissues and cells of the body:

Back 17

Shock

Hint 17

Glossary

Front 18

Overwhelming inflammatory response in the absence of infection causing relative hypovolemia and decreased tissue perfusion:

Back 18

(SRS) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Hint 18

Glossary

Front 19

Conventionally, the primary underlying ______ process and the underlying disorder are used to classify the shock state.

Back 19

Pathophysiologic

Hint 19

Classification of Shock

Front 20

______ shock occurs when there is a decrease in the intravascular volume.

Back 20

Hypovolemic

Hint 20

Classification of Shock

Front 21

______ shock occurs when the heart has an impaired pumping ability; it may be of coronary or noncoronary event origin.

Back 21

Cardiogenic

Hint 21

Classification of Shock

Front 22

______ shock is caused by an infection.

Back 22

Septic

Hint 22

Classification of Shock

Front 23

______ shock is caused by alterations in vascular smooth muscle tone, caused by either nervous system injury or complications associated with medications such as epidural anesthesia.

Back 23

Neurogenic

Hint 23

Classification of Shock

Front 24

______ shock is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction.

Back 24

Anaphylactic

Hint 24

Classification of Shock

Front 25

Shock states that are caused by a loss of vascular tone, including septic, neurogenic, and anaphylactic shock, are discussed as ______ ______ (also termed distributive or vasoactive shock).

Back 25

Circulatory shock

Hint 25

Classification of Shock

Front 26

The physiologic responses common to all types of shock are ______ of the tissues, ______ - metabolism and activation of the ______ response.

Back 26

Hypoperfusion; hyper; imflammatory

Hint 26

Shock and Its Significance

Front 27

The body responds to shock states by activating the ______ nervous system and mounting a ______ - metabolic and ______ response.

Back 27

Sympathetic; hyper; inflammatory

Hint 27

Conditions Precipitating Shock

Front 28

A derangement in the compensatory mechanisms to effectively restore physiologic balance is the final pathway of all ______ states.

Back 28

Shock

Hint 28

Classification of Shock

Front 29

Once shock develops, the patient's survival may have more to do with the body's ______ than with the initial cause of shock.

Back 29

Response

Hint 29

Shock and Its Significance

Front 30

The final common pathway of all forms of shock is inadequate ______ to the cells that results in cellular hypoxia, end organ damage, and ultimately death.

Back 30

Perfusion

Front 31

Energy metabolism occurs within the cell, where nutrients are chemically broken down and stored in the form of ______.

Back 31

(ATP)Adenosine triphosphate

Hint 31

Normal Cellular Function

Front 32

Cells use the stored energy of ATP to perform necessary ______, such as active transport, muscle contration, and biochemical synthesis, as well as specialized cellular function, such as the conduction of electrical impulses.

Back 32

Functions

Hint 32

Normal Cellular Function

Front 33

______ can be synthesized aerobically (in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen).

Back 33

(ATP) adenosine triphosphate

Hint 33

Normal Cellular Function

Front 34

Aerobic metabolism yield far ______ amounts of ATP per mole of glucose than does anaerobic metabolism; therefore, it is a more efficient and effective means of producing energy.

Back 34

Greater

Hint 34

Normal Cellular Function

Front 35

______ metabolism results in the accumulation of the toxic end product, lactic acid, which must be removed from the cell and transported to the liver for conversion into glucose and glycogen.

Back 35

Anaerobic

Hint 35

Normal Cellular Function

Front 36

In ______, the cells lack an adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients; therefore, they must produce energy through anaerobic metabolism.

Back 36

Shock

Hint 36

Pathophysiology

Front 37

______ metabolism results in low energy yields from nutrients and an acidotic intracellular environment. Because of these changes, normal cell function ceases.

Back 37

Anaerobic

Hint 37

Pathophysiology

Front 38

During ______ metabolism the cell swells and the cell membrane becomes more permeable, allowing electrolytes and fluids to seep out of and into the cell. The sodium-potassium pump becomes impaired; cell structures, primarily the mitochondria, are damaged; and death of the cell results.

Back 38

Anaerobic

Hint 38

Pathophysiology

Front 39

Because ______ is the primary substrate required for the production of cellular energy in the form of ATP, in stress states, the net result is hyperglycemia to meet increased metabolic demands.

Back 39

Glucose

Hint 39

Pathophysiology

Front 40

Continued activation of the ______ response by shock states causes a depletion of glycogen stores, resulting in increased proteolysis and eventual organ failure.

Back 40

Stress

Hint 40

Pathophysiology