Shire 15 Medicine

Front 1

Abscess

Back 1

A collection of pus in a cavity produced by tissue disintergration and displacement.

Front 2

Abscess, Dental

Back 2

An abscess, often close to the root of a tooth, which destroys bone and adjoining soft tissues.

Front 3

Achondroplasia

Back 3

short-limbed dwarfism due to a dominant genetic mutation.

Front 4

Acromegaly

Back 4

A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the hands, feet and bones of the head and chest. It is caused by excessive secretion, or sensitivity to growth hormone developing in adult life.

Front 5

Alveolar bone

Back 5

The part of the bone of the jaw to which the teeth are attached.

Front 6

Anthelmintic

Back 6

A remedy for infestation with worms.

Front 7

Anthracosis

Back 7

Blackening of the lungs due to deposits of carbon particles.

Front 8

Aorta

Back 8

The main arterial trunk of the body

Front 9

Apendicular adhesions

Back 9

Bands of tissue produced as a result of inflammation of the appendix and which unite those surrounding parts which normally are separate.

Front 10

Arteriosclerosis

Back 10

Narrowing and hardening of the lumen of the arteries.

Front 11

Arthritis

Back 11

Inflammation of a joint.

Front 12

Ascites

Back 12

Abnormal accumilation of a fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Front 13

Atheromatous

Back 13

Affected with or pertaining to atheroma (the process affecting blood vessels which involves the formation of cholesterol deposits which later become fibrotic or calcified).

Front 14

Calcification

Back 14

The depositation of calcerous matter within organic tissue so that it becomes hardened.

Front 15

Carcinoma

Back 15

A malignant tumour originating in epithelial cells. These cells cover the external surface of the entire body and line all hollow structures within the body with the exception of blood and lymphatic vessels.

Front 16

Cataract

Back 16

Opacity in the crystalline lens of the eye.

Front 17

Cauterisation

Back 17

The act of burning tissue to stop bleeding.

Front 18

Cervical spine

Back 18

That part of the spine related to the neck.

Front 19

Cholecystitis

Back 19

Inflammation of the gall bladder.

Front 20

Cholelithiasis

Back 20

The formation of stones in the gall bladder.

Front 21

Cirrhosis

Back 21

A chronic progressive inflammation of the liver associated with distortion, toughening and atrophy.

Front 22

Cleft Palate

Back 22

A congenital fissure in the midline of the hard palate.

Front 23

Conjunctivitis

Back 23

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane lining the eyelids and anterior surface of the eyeball)

Front 24

Cretenism

Back 24

A congenital thyroid dysfunction producing physical and mental retardation.

Front 25

Dental attrition

Back 25

The process of wearing down the biting surfaces of the teeth by mastication.

Front 26

Dental caries

Back 26

Invasion of the tooth substance by micro-organisms; associated with dietary sugars.

Front 27

Dysplasia

Back 27

Abnormal development of tissue.

Front 28

Endoscope

Back 28

An instrument for examining the interior of hollow organs.

Front 29

Eunuchoid

Back 29

Term applied to a male in whom the testes have not developed or where the external genitals may be complete but the internal secretion is lacking.

Front 30

Fibroadenoma

Back 30

A tumour in which there is dense formation of fibrous tissue.

Front 31

Furunculosis

Back 31

A condition of being affected by furnacles or boils.

Front 32

Galactagogue

Back 32

An agent which increses the secretion or flow of milk.

Front 33

Gynaecomastia

Back 33

A condition in the male in which the mammary glands are excessively developed.

Front 34

Haematuria

Back 34

The presence of blood in the urine.

Front 35

Halitosis

Back 35

Fetid or offensive breath.

Front 36

Hernia

Back 36

Protrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal wall.

Front 37

Hernia, scrotal

Back 37

Hernia of the groin which has descended into the scrotum.

Front 38

Histology

Back 38

The branch of biological science which is concerned with the anatomy of tissues and their microscopic cellular structure.

Front 39

Hydatid

Back 39

A cystic stage in the life cycle of the parasite Echinococcus granulosis

Front 40

Hydrocephalus

Back 40

An abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull.

Front 41

Hypertonic solution

Back 41

A solution which exerts an osmotic pressure.

Front 42

Hypertrophy

Back 42

An increase in the number or size of the cells of which a tissue is composed as a result of increase in function of that tissue.

Front 43

Infantile megacolon

Back 43

A condition, usually congenital, in which there is a great dilation of part or the whole of the large intestine.

Front 44

Keratosis senilis

Back 44

A lesion on the skin seen in elderly people.

Front 45

Kyphosis

Back 45

The excessive forward curvature of the spine.

Front 46

Lactose

Back 46

The natural sugar found in milk.

Front 47

Leucoma

Back 47

A white scar of the cornea.

Front 48

Meningioma

Back 48

A benign tumour of the meninges (the coverings or sheathes of the brain and spinal cord).

Front 49

Mitral valve

Back 49

The valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle in the heart.

Front 50

Naevus

Back 50

Any birthmark or localised abnormality of developmental origin.

Front 51

Narcotic

Back 51

A drug which induces a stuporous condition or sleep.

Front 52

Osmotic

Back 52

Relating to osmosis (the movement of a solvent across a membrane to an area where there is a higher concentration of solution to which the membrane is impermeable).

Front 53

Osteo-arthristis

Back 53

Chronic arthritis of a degenerative type associated with age or trauma.

Front 54

Osteocartilaginous exostosis

Back 54

An outgrowth made up of bone and cartilage extending from the surface of a bone.

Front 55

Osteochondroma

Back 55

A tumour composed of both bony and cartilaginous tissues.

Front 56

Osteomyelitis

Back 56

Inflammation of the interior of a bone, especially affecting the marrow spaces.

Front 57

Osteoporosis

Back 57

Rarefaction of bone

Front 58

Osteosarcoma

Back 58

A malignant tumour of bone cells.

Front 59

Pathogenesis

Back 59

The mode of origin and development of diseased conditions.

Front 60

Peridontal disease

Back 60

Inflammation and eventual erosion of the structures surrounding a tooth.

Front 61

Periostitis

Back 61

Inflammation of the periosteum (the connective tissue covering of bone)

Front 62

Pluerisy

Back 62

Inflammation of the pleura (the membrane which covers the lungs).

Front 63

Pneumothorax

Back 63

The presence of air within the thorax, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung.

Front 64

Poliomyelitis

Back 64

Acute inflammation of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord due to an enterovirus infection which may result in paralysis of the limbs.

Front 65

Polydactyly

Back 65

The presence of more than the norman number of fingers or toes.

Front 66

Prolapse

Back 66

The sinking down or protrusion of a part of the body or organ.

Front 67

Pseudohermaphroditsm

Back 67

A congenital condition in which the gonads are either testes or ovaries but the external genitals are either characteristic of the opposite sex or a mixture of both male and female.

Front 68

Psoas muscle

Back 68

The long muscle which flexes the hip joint, extending from the lumber vertebrae to the femur.

Front 69

Rickets

Back 69

A disturbance of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism in the growing child as a result of vitamin D deficiency.

Front 70

Sacral erosion

Back 70

destruction of the sacrum (the composite bone formed by the fusion of the sacral vertebrae, forming the back of the pelvis).

Front 71

Sacro-iliac joint

Back 71

The joint formed between the sacrum and the ileum in the pelvis.

Front 72

Sand pneumoconiosis

Back 72

A disease of the respiratory tract caused by the inhalation of particles of sand.

Front 73

Scapula

Back 73

Shoulder blade

Front 74

Schistosomiasis

Back 74

A group of diseases caused by trematode parasitic flukes of the family Schistomatidae. They live in the veins of various internal organs and lay eggs which reach the exterior mainly by the urine or faeces.

Front 75

Scoliosis

Back 75

Lateral curvature of the spine.

Front 76

Serology

Back 76

The medical science which is concerned with the study of blood sera, identifying group-specific substances, proteins and enzymes.

Front 77

Smallpox

Back 77

A generalised virus infection with a vesicular rash (variola).

Front 78

Solar keratosis

Back 78

A lesion of the skin seen in elderly people with long continued exposure to the sun.

Front 79

Spina bifida

Back 79

A defect in the development of the vertebral column with variable protrusion of the contents of the spinal canal through the gap.

Front 80

Splenomegaly

Back 80

Enlargement of the spleen.

Front 81

Squamous

Back 81

Resembling a scale; platelike.

Front 82

Squamous cell papilloma

Back 82

A stalked (skin) tumour linked with squamous cells.

Front 83

Talipes equinovarus

Back 83

Club foot.

Front 84

Temporomandibular joint

Back 84

The joint which connects and articulates the temporal bone and the mandible in the skull.

Front 85

Tendo Achilles

Back 85

The tendon which joins the calf muscle to the heel. It is used extensively in walking, running and jumping.

Front 86

Tetraplegia

Back 86

Paralysis of both arms and legs.

Front 87

Tibia

Back 87

The long bone between the knees and ankle joints.

Front 88

Tomography

Back 88

Body-section radiography. A radiographic technique which shows images of structures lying in a predetermined plane of tissue, while blurring out by movement the images of the structures of other planes, above or below.

Front 89

Trachoma

Back 89

An eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Untreated, it can lead to blindness.

Front 90

Ulcer

Back 90

A lesion of the skin or mucous surface in which the superficial cells are destroyed and deeper tissues exposed in an open sore.

Front 91

Vascular

Back 91

Pertaining to a blood vessel or vessels.

Front 92

Vesicovaginal fistula

Back 92

A communication between the bladder and the vagina.