Sheep Brainz!

Front 1

dura mater

Back 1

hard mother”- outermost protective layer

Front 2

arachnoid membrane

Back 2

spongy, spider-like web of tissue

Front 3

subarachnoid space

Back 3

contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arteries

Front 4

pia mater

Back 4

delicate, innermost membrane

Front 5

gray matter

Back 5

nerve cell bodies

Front 6

white matter

Back 6

fiber bundles of neurons

Front 7

medial longitudinal fissure

Back 7

divides 2 hemispheres

Front 8

super colliculi

Back 8

processes some simple aspects of visual stimuli

Front 9

inferior colliculi

Back 9

processes some simple aspects of auditory stimuli

Front 10

cerebellum

Back 10

critical for motor functioning, balance, movements requiring aim and timing, some learning functions

Front 11

pons

Back 11

relays sensory information from cerebellem to cortex

Front 12

medulla

Back 12

long, narrow structure, controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate

Front 13

brain stem

Back 13

pons and medulla

Front 14

frontal lobe

Back 14

monitors all the info about eye, head, and body positions and passes it onto the parts of the brain that control movement

Front 15

occipital lobe

Back 15

vision

Front 16

temporal lobe

Back 16

auditory info

Front 17

pituitary gland

Back 17

synthesizes and releases hormones

Front 18

cerebral peduncles

Back 18

motor systems from cerebral cortex that project to brainstem areas and to spinal cord

Front 19

anterior/rostral

Back 19

nose end

Front 20

posterior/caudal

Back 20

tail end

Front 21

dorsal/superior

Back 21

top of brain

Front 22

posterior/caudal

Back 22

toward the tail end

Front 23

medial

Back 23

toward midline of the body

Front 24

lateral

Back 24

away from the midline

Front 25

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

Back 25

12

Front 26

optic chiasm

Back 26

The place where the nerve becomes the tract where 50% of the nerves cross over

Front 27

optic nerve

Back 27

The optic nerve is before (anterior) the chiasm and the tract is after (posterior). In general nerves are outside the brain and part of the PNS

Front 28

Optic tract

Back 28

tracts are insides the brain and part of the CNS

Front 29

Olfactory bulb

Back 29

I. Olfactory Bulb (Sensory) smell

Front 30

Optic Nerve

Back 30

II. Optic nerve (Sensory) vision

Front 31

Oculomotor

Back 31

III.Oculomotor(Motor)-Control of eye movements, pupil constriction (locate);

Front 32

Trochlear

Back 32

IV.Trochlear(Motor)-Control of eye movements, rolling outward and downward;

Front 33

Trigeminal

Back 33

V.Trigeminal(S & M)- Touch & pain sensations from face, Control of jaw muscles for chewing and swallowing ;

Front 34

Abducens

Back 34

VI.Abducens(Motor)-Control of eye movements, side to side (locate);

Front 35

Facial

Back 35

VII.Facial(Sensory & Motor)-Control of muscles of the face (facial expression, crying), Taste for anterior 2/3rd of tongue ;

Front 36

Vestibulocochlear

Back 36

VIII.Vestibulocochlear(Sensory)-Hearing and equilibrium;

Front 37

Glossopharyngeal

Back 37

IX.Glossopharyngeal(Sensory & Motor)-Taste/Sensations for throat & posterior 1/3rd of tongue, Control gag reflex;

Front 38

Vagus

Back 38

X.Vagus(Sensory & Motor)-Sensations from neck & throat, sensations and motor control of many internal organs including the heart, lungs, and stomach;

Front 39

Spinal accessory

Back 39

XI.Spinal Accessory(Motor)-Control of neck and shoulder muscles for turning movements of the head (locate);

Front 40

Hypoglossal

Back 40

XII.Hypoglossal(Motor)-Control of muscles of the tongue;

Front 41

Afferent

Back 41

going toward the CNS- afferent nerves carry sensory info from skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears, viscera, and so on to CNS think of “a” as “approach”, “arrive”- coming into CNS – sensory;

Front 42

Efferent

Back 42

going away from the CNS-carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles and viscera think of “e” as “exit”- going away from CNS- motor;

Front 43

Corpus Callosum (Mid sagittal)

Back 43

band of white matter by which each cerebral hemisphere connects with the opposite cerebral hemisphere (allows for communication between the two) (locate);

Front 44

Septum Pellucidum (Mid sagittal)

Back 44

a thin layer of tissue that separates the two lateral ventricles from each other;

Front 45

What is the Fornix (Mid sagittal)

Back 45

band of white matter by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere connects to the hippocampus of the opposite hemisphere;

Front 46

Arbor Vitae (Mid sagittal)

Back 46

the name is Latin for “tree of life”, White nerve tissue of the cerebellum, has a tree-like outline;

Front 47

Thalamus (Mid sagittal)

Back 47

sensory relay system of the brain, sending information primarily to cortex;

Front 48

Hypothalamus (Mid sagittal)

Back 48

controls autonomic & endocrine (hormone) system; the 4 F's feeding, fighting, fleeing and fornicating; connects with pituitary for appetite;

Front 49

Pineal Body (Mid sagittal)

Back 49

aka pineal gland, responsible for secretion of melatonin – a hormone which, among other things, induces sleep;

Front 50

Where are the Lateral ventricles (Mid sagittal)

Back 50

two large empty spaces directly inferior to the corpus callosum;

Front 51

Where is the 3rd Ventricle (Mid sagittal)

Back 51

hollow space directly inferior to the fornix;

Front 52

Where is the 4th Ventricle (Mid sagittal)

Back 52

hollow space directly inferior to the cerebellum;

Front 53

What is the Cerebral Aqueduct and where is it (Mid sagittal)

Back 53

short canal traveling through the midbrain, connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles;

Front 54

What is the function of the Thalamus? Where is it (Coronal View)

Back 54

below the 3rd ventricle, heart shaped; both process and relay sensory information selectively to various parts of the cerebral cortex;

Front 55

What is the function of the amygdala (Coronal View)

Back 55

Learning and memory (for emotionally charged events), plays role in producing fear response, stimulation (in humans) results in feelings of anxiety/fear;

Front 56

What is the function of the hippocampus? Where is it (Coronal View)

Back 56

involved in spatial memory (ex. put a rat into a maze, learns the maze, then lesion HC- after lesion can’t remember how to get through maze), formation of new episodic memories;

Front 57

What is the septal nuclei responsible for? What happens if there is damage? Where is it? (Coronal View)

Back 57

connected to septum pellucidum. Role in reward and reinforcement. Damage in humans can result in rage behavior and other strange behaviors (1st );

Front 58

What is the caudate nucleus responsible for? Where is it (Coronal View)

Back 58

responsible for voluntary motor responses, learning and memory (specifically in receiving feedback), may be dysfunctional in individuals with OCD; (1st and 2nd)

Front 59

What is the putamen responsible for? Where is it (Coronal View)

Back 59

involved in voluntary motor responses, reinforcement learning & implicit learning; (1st and 2nd)

Front 60

What does the globus pallidus do? (Coronal View)

Back 60

play an active part in pre-filtering external stimuli and may help reduce the amount of irrelevant information the brain can store;

Front 61

Where is the fornix? (Coronal View)

Back 61

Should see in the 2nd and 3rd slices;

Front 62

What is the corona radiate? Where is it? (Coronal View)

Back 62

the radiating white matter of the neocortex carry nearly all of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex; all sections

Front 63

Where is the corpus callosum? (Coronal View)

Back 63

Should see in all 3 slices;

Front 64

What is the internal capsule? Where is it? (Coronal View)

Back 64

white matter surrounding subcortical structures; runs between the caudate and putamen at some points; (1st and 2nd)

Front 65

Where is the medial longitudinal fissure? (Coronal View)

Back 65

should see in all 3 slices;

Front 66

Where is the cingulate gyrus? (Coronal View)

Back 66

should see in all 3 slices;

Front 67

Where are the lateral ventricles? (Coronal View)

Back 67

should see in all 3 slices;

Front 68

Where is the 3rd ventricle? (Coronal View)

Back 68

should see in 2nd and 3rd slices;

Front 69

Where is the pineal body (pineal gland)? (Coronal View)

Back 69

should see in the 3rd slice;

Front 70

Know how cerebral spinal fluid travels through the ventricles and through what openings (Coronal View)

Back 70

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the 3rd ventricle via the Foramen of Monro. CSF then flows from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct. CSF flows out of the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space of the brain or into the central canal of the spinal cord via the Foramen Magendie and the Foramina Luschka (2 of these);

Front 71

What is the sclera and where is it?

Back 71

white protective covering of the eyeball (except cornea) – an extension of the dura mater;

Front 72

What is the optic nerve and where is it (on the eye, not the brain)?

Back 72

carries visual information to the brain;

Front 73

What is the nictitating membrane and where is it?

Back 73

find it in sheep and other animals; it is a third eyelid, controlled by the abducens nerve;

Front 74

What is the conjunctiva? Swelling causes what?

Back 74

delicate membrane that starts at the junction of the sclera and the cornea, lines inside of eyelid and provides lubrication, conjunctivitis = swelling of conjunctiva from infection (aka pink eye);

Front 75

What is the cornea and where is it?

Back 75

area of the eye anterior to the iris, transparent protective covering;

Front 76

What is the iris and where is it?

Back 76

colored part of the eye, surrounds the pupil – orange on sheep;

Front 77

What is the pupil?

Back 77

hole in the iris controlled by muscles; it widens and narrows to allow the needed amount of light into the eye, controlled by the oculomotor nerve, failure to constrict to light indicates a concussion;

Front 78

What is the lens and where is it?

Back 78

transmits and refracts light to focus images near or far (accommodation)usually transparent;

Front 79

What are the ciliary bodies?

Back 79

controls the suspensory ligaments which adjust the shape of the lens; there are also epithelium cells here that secrete the aqueous humor;

Front 80

What is the aqueous humor?

Back 80

liquid found in the anterior chamber of the eye; secreted and removed as waste;

Front 81

What is the vitreous body/humor and where is it?

Back 81

gel-like substance on the inside of the eyeball; gives support and shape;

Front 82

What is the retina and where is it?

Back 82

the neural tissue containing photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye;

Front 83

What is the choroid and where is it?

Back 83

black substance on the back of the eyeball; behind the retina; absorbs any stray light; vascular layer ;

Front 84

What is the tapetum lucidum and where is it?

Back 84

blue-green iridescent membrane on back of sheep eye, reflective structure acts like a mirror, reflecting light back through the retina, allowing for better night vision;

Front 85

What are the mammillary bodies responsible for? What disease are they associated with

Back 85

play a role in memory, Korsakoff’s syndrome- amnesia resulting from severe alcoholism;

Front 86

What 2 structures make up the striatum?

Back 86

caudate nucleus & putamen;