Shannon's Class Test 1

Front 1

sclera

Back 1

globe's white layering that encompasses the posterior 5/6ths & becomes continuous w/ sheath of optic nerve

Front 2

globe

Back 2

mass of the eye, fibrous, fluid-filled structure

Front 3

pupil

Back 3

dark central portion of eye surrounded by iris

Front 4

iris

Back 4

pigmented contractile tissue that surrounds pupil

Front 5

conjuctiva

Back 5

thin mucous membrane that covers sclera and lines inside of eyelids; anteriorly continuous with cornea

Front 6

cornea

Back 6

transparent; main structure involved in focusing light rays entering the eye

Front 7

ciliary body

Back 7

has ligaments holding lens

Front 8

lens

Back 8

clear elastic structure located behind iris that serves to sharpen and focus visual ray son the globe's posterior surface

Front 9

retina

Back 9

globe's posterior surface where visual rays are sharpened and focused; area facing center of globe contains nervous tissue

Front 10

choroid

Back 10

outer layer of retina composed of darkly pigmented vascular tissue

Front 11

inferior, medial, lateral, and superior RECTUS muscles

Back 11

rotate the globe toward the contracting muscle

Front 12

inferior and superior OBLIQUE muscles

Back 12

function to provide a torsion (circular) motion to the globe

Front 13

Snellen chart

Back 13

assesses quality of vision or vision acuity

Front 14

emmetropia

Back 14

20/20 vision, ability to read the letters on the 20ft line of an eye chart when standing 20 ft from the chart indicating that the light rays are focused precisely on the retina

Front 15

myopia

Back 15

nearsightedness, light rays are focused in front of the retina making only objects very close to the eyes distinguishable

Front 16

hypermetropia (hyperopia)

Back 16

farsightedness, results when the light rays are focused at a point behind the retina.

Front 17

nystagmus

Back 17

involuntary shaking of the eyes

Front 18

HISTORY

Back 18

past medical history and history of present condition

Front 19

past medical history

Back 19

prior visual assessment: acuity, glasses or contacts, pupil changes, nystagmus, other prior existing conditions, previous eye injuries
general health: chronic illness, diabetes

Front 20

retinopathy

Back 20

degenerative disease of the blood vessels supplying the retina, often associated with diabetes

Front 21

history of present condition

Back 21

location and description of symptom, injury mechanism

Front 22

photophobia

Back 22

eye's intolerance to light

Front 23

complaints of scratchiness or "something in the eye"

Back 23

may be caused by foreign body, displaced contact lens, or corneal abrasion

Front 24

itching of eye

Back 24

edema of conjuctiva (chemosis) caused by allergy or infection, such as conjunctivitis

Front 25

inspection of periorbital area

Back 25

discoloration: hematoma (black eye), external trauma to eyelid, orbit, or conjuctiva may indicate eye trauma
gross deformity: bony deformity, lacerations, swelling

Front 26

inspection of the globe

Back 26

general appearance: sits within orbit compared to other eye, orbital fractures may cause globe to be displaced medially, inferiorly, or posteriorly (enophthalmos) or to bulge anteriorly (exophthalmos).
eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, iris, pupil shape and size

Front 27

inspection of eyelids

Back 27

swelling, ecchymosis, lacerations which may sign serious eye condition; stye-infection of a ciliary body or sebaceous gland caused by bacteria; general eyelid edema, focal tenderness, and redness of the involved lid usually are noted

Front 28

inspection of cornea

Back 28

normally crystal clear any discoloration of the cornea indicates trauma warranting the immediate termination of the eval and referral to an ophthalmologist. increased intraocular pressure may result in corneal cloudiness; hyphema- blood pooling in the anterior chamber of eye is caused by rupture of a blood vessel supplying the iris.

Front 29

inspection of conjunctiva

Back 29

normally transparent; subconjunctival hematoma-- leakage of the superficial blood vessels is common but concern because it can hide underlying pathology

Front 30

inspection of sclera

Back 30

appearance of black object on sclera may be inner tissue of the eye bulging outward through a wound

Front 31

inspection of iris

Back 31

marked conjunctival injection (congested w/ blood or other fluids forced into an area) adjacent to cornea indicates presence of inflammation-iritis

Front 32

inspection of pupil shape and size

Back 32

aniscoria-unequal pupil sizes; possibly a benign congenital condition or secondary to brain trauma, "teardrop" pupil means possibility of corneal laceration or ruptured globe

Front 33

palpation

Back 33

orbital margin, frontal, nasal, zygomatic bones for signs of tenderness or crepitus, and soft tissue around eye

Front 34

functional assessment

Back 34

vision assessment: 20/20 should be able to read standard newspaper at 16 in from eye, presbyopia-loss of near vision as result of aging, pupillary reaction to light: dilation, diminished reactivity to light, or asymmetry (associated w/ significant head trauma), eye motility: ROM, look for asymmetrical motion or diplopia

Front 35

examination map

Back 35

history: past medical, present condition; inspection: periorbital area, inspection of globe; palpation: orbital margin, frontal, nasal, zygomatic, soft tissue; functional assessment: vision assessment, pupillary reaction to light; neurologic examination: CN III, IV, VI; pathologies and special tests: orbital fractures-blowout, corneal abrasion, corneal laceration, iritis, hyphema, retinal detachment, ruptured globe, conjunctivitis, foreign bodies

Front 36

Neurologic testing

Back 36

CN III, IV, VI; numbness in cheek and lateral nose corresponds to the distribution of the infraorbital nerve and may indicate an orbital floor fracture

Front 37

blow-up fractures

Back 37

fractures of the orbital roof

Front 38

blow out fractures

Back 38

fractures of the medial wall or floor, caused by force delivered by a deformable or irregularly shaped object; pieces of the maxillary portion of the orbital floor may entrap the inferior rectus muscle, mechanically limiting the ability to look upward

Front 39

person attempts to blow nose and air escapes from under the eyelids

Back 39

medial wall of the orbit fracture

Front 40

pain when mouth is opened

Back 40

fracture in lateral wall of orbit

Front 41

failed pupillary reaction test

Back 41

afferent lesion (retina or optic nerve)-paradoxical dilation
efferent lesion (CNIII or pupillary muscle lesion) - pupil doesn't react to light

Front 42

failed eye motility test

Back 42

decreased motility of the eyes as the result of neurologic or muscular trauma or decreased vision

Front 43

corneal laceration

Back 43

no more normal translucent appearance of the cornea, a shallow anterior chamber, or the obvious opening of the laceration and subsequent spilling of its contents

Front 44

iritis

Back 44

minor blunt trauma activates an inflammatory reaction within anterior chamber resulting in "red eye". may feel pressure within globe and photophobia. may be more constricted than other pupil, may have blurred vision, pupil may react sluggishly compared to other

Front 45

hyphema

Back 45

blood in anterior chamber of eye, result of blunt trauma, or result of intraocular pressure. patch eye, take to ER, sit in reclined position, usually resolves in 5-7 days

Front 46

retinal detachment

Back 46

caused by jarring force to the head causing interruption of communication of retina and choroid often caused by vitreous humor seeping between them, may complain of flashes of light, halos, or blind spots, "curtain" or shape being pulled over field of vision

Front 47

ruptured globe

Back 47

blunt trauma delivered to globe can result in rupture of the cornea or sclera causing it to spill its contents. pain and total or partial loss of vision, globe may appear disoriented in orbit and anterior chamber may seem deep, hyphema, chemosis, tear drop pupil, eye shield and take to ER, tell patient no food or drink

Front 48

conjunctivitis

Back 48

viral or bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, eyelids stick together in morning and may burn and itch, red swollen, a watery discharge accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva indicates a viral infection (pink eye), a yellow or green discharge indicates a bacterial infection, may photophobia, can be caused by improper contact cleaning, very contagious

Front 49

subdural hematoma

Back 49

venous bleeding between brain and dura mater

Front 50

epidural hematoma

Back 50

arterial bleeding between dura mater and skull

Front 51

Concussion Homecare

Back 51

keep at rest for 24hrs, no school or work while headache persists, clear liquids only for 8 hrs, check every 1-2 hours or once in while during sleep, give no aspirin tylenol or IB because may make intercranial bleeding worse and want to know if headache is getting worse, take to ER if: headache gets worse, continued or starting of nausea or vomiting, numbness tingling or weakness in any extremity, progressive drowsiness, peculiar eye movement, vision problems, pupil irregularity, irregular gait, stumbling, speech difficulty, altered behavior

Front 52

oral vestibule

Back 52

area from lips to teeth

Front 53

oral cavity

Back 53

area from teeth to trachea

Front 54

lingual frenulum

Back 54

attachment under tongue

Front 55

auricular hematoma

Back 55

cauliflower ear

Front 56

otitis externa

Back 56

swimmers ear, bacterial or fungal infection, caused by residual water in ear wax, ear canal all red and swollen

Front 57

lefort fractures

Back 57

type I: thru maxilla
type II: thru maxilla and nasal
type III: thru zygomatic and nasal

Front 58

muscles of inspiration

Back 58

diaphragm, intercostal muscles, scalene muscles

Front 59

muscles of expiration

Back 59

rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique

Front 60

rapid shallow breaths

Back 60

internal injury, shock

Front 61

deep, quick breaths

Back 61

pulmonary obstruction, asthma

Front 62

noisy, raspy breaths

Back 62

airway obstruction

Front 63

hemoptysis

Back 63

coughing of blood