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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steam Engine |
Europe (Britain), 18th century • Coal-powered machine that provided power for industrial factories• Provided power for transportation advancements steam ships and railroads o Helped facilitate trade of industrial goods• Example of transition to fossil fuels (coal-powered)• Use for primary power made access to coalimportant for industrializing nations |
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British Royal Society |
Europe (Great Britain), c. 19th century• Society of scientists that shared scientific research• Tradition of scientific experimentation facilitated inventions that fueled industrialization• Demonstrates connection between Scientific andIndustrial Revolutions• Helped to establish Britain as birthplace of industrialization |
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Middle-class |
Europe (Britain), 19th century• Social class that emerged during the industrial era it included business owners, educated professionals,bankers, and merchants• Emphasis on hard work and self-reliance fueled industrial progress• Dominant values partly explain why Britain andother European countries did not see widespread,violent rebellion against industrial inequalities |
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Reform Act of 1832 |
Europe (Britain), 1832• British law that extended the right to vote to many male members of the middle-class• Direct result of political activity by the middle class,who tended to favor reforms extending rights tomore people• Shows influence of Enlightenment on social structures and political relationships during the Industrial Revolution |
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Lower Middle-class |
Europe (Britain), 19th century• British social class mainly made up of lower-paid service workers• Provided sense of upward mobility and motivation• Shows British emphasis on class-based respect ability as motivator |
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Marxism |
Europe (England), 19th century• Version of socialism created by Karl Marx that led to the development of communist theory o Focuses on violent revolution and complete equality as solution to challenges of the Industrial Revolution• Shows influence of Scientific Revolution thinking-"scientific socialism"• Most influential thinker of the industrial age- his version of socialism inspired communist revolutions around the world |
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Labour Party |
Europe (Britain), 19th century• British political party that presented a moderate,working-class alternative to Marxism• Demonstrated strength of middle class values• Idea of democratic socialism primary reason Marxist revolutions did not develop in western Europe |
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Progressives |
North America (United States), early 20th century• Political party that presented an alternative to socialism• Created reforms in American industrial experience;antitrust laws, wage laws• Demonstrated possibility of adjusting industrial capitalism to accommodate social protest |
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Russian Revolution of 1905 |
Europe (Russia), 1905• Spontaneous revolution against absolute authority of the tsar• Workers' unrest in 1905 set a foundation for the communist revolution of 1917• Tsar's oppressive response did not stop radicalism• Demonstrates pervasive problems caused by transition to industrialization |
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Caudillos |
Latin America, 19th century• Military strongmen who took advantage of conflict between conservatives and liberals to seize power• Shows importance of class relationships and social order in post-revolutionary societies• Demonstrates political instability in post-independence Latin America |
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Mexican Revolution |
Latin America (Mexico), 1910-1920• Political revolution that overthrew a dictatorship and replaced it with a democratic constitution• Transformed Mexican social and economic systems• Regional character of this revolution meant it was not as influential globally as the Russian or Chinese revolutions |
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United Fruit Company |
Latin America, 20th century• American-owned company that profited from beneficial trade conditions in Latin America• Example of economic imperialism; powerful countries exerting influence in Latin America for economic benefit• This form of influence replaced colonies after waveof revolutions in the Americas• Created resentment that affected international relations throughout the century |
